RESUMO
The disability caused by the lower back pain is one of the leading factors contributing to work absenteeism. This disability which is usually due to spinal disc herniation prevents an employee from doing his/her daily job, thus creating numerous destructive socioeconomic consequences for him/her as well as the society. The goal of this study is to determine the patients return-to-work rate after undergoing the lumbar disc herniation surgery and to study the related factors. This study was a cross sectional study. All patients suffered from lumber discetomy from 2005 to 2009 at two TUMS [Tehran University of Medical Sciences] educational hospitals were included in this study. Required data about the patients were gathered from the hospital documents, and the return-to-work rate was evaluated by following up on patients via phone calls. Chi-square and T tests were used for evaluation of quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. From 603 final participants, at least 6 month after the surgery, 504 cases [83.6%] returned to work. From these 504 cases, 364 patients [72.2%] returned full time, and 140 patients [27.8%] returned part time. A multivariate regression analysis showed that the return-to-work rate has a strong correlation with age, sex, educational level, body mass index, positive expectation from the surgery before doing it, doctor's encouragement, hospitalization time, manual work, and job satisfaction [p<0.05]; however, it had no significant correlation with marriage status, income level, impairment request, insurance coverage, peer support, and the work category with respect to physical labor demand [p>0.05]. Our findings show the importance of work related and psychological factors as the determinants of the return-to-work rate after the lumbar disc surgery. From this study, it is apparent that appropriate strategies and team work [between the patient, the surgeon, the rehabilitation specialist, the occupational medicine specialist, and the employer] would elevate the job satisfaction and positive expectations about the surgery, and therefore, they encourage the patient to return to work at a suitable time which in turn, may increase the total return-to-work rate
RESUMO
The risk of violence is higher in some occupations, including nursing. Also, violence is becoming more prevalent in health care settings. The first step for reducing violence is recognition of its potential risk factors. The aim of present study was assessment of violence against nurses and related risk factors in Iran. In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study Persian version of NEXT questionnaire was used. Sampling method was multistep sampling. Stratification was performed based on the hospital and then in each hospital questionnaires was given to nurses non-randomly. 1070 nurses working in 14 TUMS [Tehran University of medical sciences] hospitals were included in the study. Psychological violence from patients and their relatives against nurses included in the study was 60.3%. There was no significant relationship between age, sex, professional position, work experience, patients numbers who worked with participants in a single shift and average weekly work hours and psychological violence from patients and their relatives but participants ward, work schedule, and work disturbances, had a significant relationship with psychological violence from patients/relatives. Based on this study, violence against nurses is a common and important problem and further studies aimed to reduce that, with regard to risk factors achieved in this study, is essential