[ qualitative research on the reasons for tendency toward using the Indian T [Pregnan] intrauterine device in Badr health center]

Elective expulsion is a complication of intrauterine devices [IUDs] that decreases the efficacy and using of IUDs. In this qualitative study, the tendency of 15-45 year fertile women towards using Indian T IUD [Pregnan] in Badr health center was evaluated. Three focus groups discussions [FGD] with women and four individual in-depth interviews [IDI] with health care providers and obstetricians were done. Focus group discussions showed that women were quiet familiar with contraceptive methods and IUD was accepted as a safe and easy method. Bleeding, spotting, infection and back pain were the most important complications. In the group that had chosen elective expulsion of IUD, the main complications were bleeding, spotting and less infection. According to individual in-depth interviews results, elective expulsion and complications of this type of IUD were more than earlier IUDs. It is recommended that the selection and insertion of IUDs should be done with utmost care. Furthermore, more qualitative and quantitative researches need to be conducted to compare the different IUDs on the market to be able to recommend the most suitable ones to women. It is thought these and other related actions that the best family planning policies can be adopted and programs implemented in the country

[Taxi drivers' views about risky driving behaviors in Tehran: a qualitative study]

Road traffic crashes are the second highest cause of mortality in Iran and risky driving behaviors among Iranian drivers are evident. In this study, the views of taxi drivers about risky driving behaviors were extracted in order to recommend the effective interventions for modifying these behaviors. This was a qualitative study carried out in Tehran, Iran. Forty-Two taxi drivers were invited to participate in four focus group discussions. Discutions on risky driving behaviors were tape recorded and were analyzed using a thematic approach. Data analysis showed five main themes: the role of taxi drivers in current driving situation in Tehran, drivers' reasons for committing risky driving behaviors, actions for modifying risky driving behaviors, suitable places for implementing the recommended interventions and the best channels for communicating and persuading taxi drivers. The participants believed that developing and communicating well-developed persuasive messages for increasing their concentration during driving and reminding the message content by taxi drivers' opinion leaders can affect their driving behaviors. According to findings, a consumer-oriented planning model such as social marketing was recommended to modify the risky driving behaviors among taxi drivers in Tehran

[Attitudes, self-reported and observational behaviors related to risky driving behaviors among taxi drivers in Tehran, Iran]

To assess attitudes, self-reported and observational behaviors among taxi drivers, a large group of professional drivers, in Tehran, the capital of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, we selected two municipality district of Tehran which had the highest rate of traffic accidents among taxicabs. By using a questionnaire, we asked them about their attitudes and reports of their behaviors during driving and a checklist was used for observing their risky driving behaviors. Then, data were analysed in a descriptive fashion. We found that taxi drivers in Tehran had had desired attitudes toward not driving risky and had reported their driving behavior well and non- risky.There was a significant direct relationship between their attitudes and driving history. However, we found a reverse significant relationship between self-reported behaviors and literacy level. Risky driving behavior wrer different based on the time of observation. Using cell phone, tailgaiting and not moving between lines were three most common observed risky driving behaviors among taxi drivers. Taxi drivers, as professional drivers have not desired behaviors regardless of their positive attitudes and self reports. Thus, we should design and implement the interventios based on their driving history, literacy level, common behaviors and even the time of driving