Identification of the seed essential oil composition of four apiaceae species and comparison of their biological effects on sitophilus oryzae L. and tribolium castaneum [Herbst.]

Background: the Apiaceae family is defined with the diversity of essential oil. Some of composition could be used to control of storage pests

Objective: this study was conducted to estimate and identification of the seed essential oil composition of four Apiaceae species

Methods: the essential oil composition of the seeds of the four Apiaceae's species including [Pimpinella anisum L., Foeniculum vulgar Mill, Coriandrum sativum L. and Petroselinum hortense] were identified by Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry [GC-MS] and compared with each other. Finally, biological effects of the four different species of Apiaceae family were evaluated against adult insects of two important storage pests

Results: the results of analysis showed Anethol with 76.56% and 76.22% is the original component of Pimpinella anisum L., Foeniculum vulgar Mill, respectively. Also, Linalool with 58.80% and ?-Pinene with 42.15% are the original components of Coriandrum sativum L. and Petroselinum hortense, respectively

Discussion: regarding to the identified components of the essential oils and obtained results, Pimpinella anisum L. and Coriandrum sativum L. showed the most fumigant toxicity on the storage pests

Educational needs of nurses in intensive care unit for poisoned patients

Poisoned patients are at risk of impaired ventilation in many situations. The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the impact of educational workshops on nurses' knowledge, confidence, and attitude in taking care of poisoned patients. This descriptive study was performed on 60 nursing staff in the intensive care unit [ICU] for poisoned patients in Imam Reza [p] hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Data was gathered by a researcher-designed questionnaire. Studied scales included perceived importance and novelty of educational meeting, matching with professional and educational needs, illustration of practical and knowledge weaknesses and strength and finally satisfaction in holding regular workshops annually. Two, half day workshops were held and various items were taught with various methods. The knowledge of participants was assessed by pretests and post-tests consisting of 12 items related to workshop topics. The impact of these educational meetings was evaluated and the results were analyzed by the SPSS software. According to the results, workshops improved awareness of nurses about their weakness and strength points, professional knowledge and their interest and attention; likewise all participants had the same opinion about a strong need to hold similar workshops more than once and preferably 2 to 3 times annually. It seems that short educational courses in small groups for reviewing the old data and recent findings in the context of critical care are useful in order to promote the knowledge and skills of ICU staff in taking care of poisoned patients.

effect of health belief model educational program and jogging on control of sugar in type 2 diabetic patients

Researchers believe that most of diabetic patients are not necessarily aware of the role of exercises, especially jogging in controlling their disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational program and jogging based on health belief model [HBM] on sugar control in type 2 diabetic patients. One hundred diabetic [type 2] patients were involved in this prospective quasi- experimental interventional study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on the HBM model, a check list for patient`s practices and a check list for recording the patient`s hemoglobin [HbA1C] and fasting blood sugar [FBS] levels. Our findings indicated that after intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean score of the HBM model variables [susceptibility, severity, benefit and perceived obstacles,] in the experimental group compared to the control group. Additionally, behavioral jogging, level of HbA1C and FBS levels improved significantly among the experimental group when compared to the control group. Applying the HBM model was found to be a very effective means for developing an educational program of jogging for diabetics, in order to control their blood sugar

[Comparison of abrasiveness of different powders used in prophy-jet]

Prophy-jet is a device which is used for removal of extrinsic stains and cleaning of implant surfaces. However, some reports showed that sodium bicarbonate used in prophyjet has abrasive effects. The aim of this research was to compare the abrasive effects of 3 different powders namely, Air flow [standard sodium-bicarbonate], Soda [not purified sodium bicarbonate- which is cheap and is used for polishing porcelain crowns] and [Jet fresh] aluminum trihydroxide.Sixty extracted teeth were divided in 3 equal groups. In first, second and third group, Air flow, Soda and Jet fresh were used as powder in prophy jet. Then slurry of prophyjet [EMS-piezone] was sprayed from 2 millimeters on each tooth surface for 60 seconds. Defects formed on tooth surfaces were measured under electron microscope.Soda was less abrasive than standard Air flow and Jet fresh. Average cavity depths were 0.25, 1.33 and 1.75mm accordingly. Powders used in prophyjet could have abrasive effects. Soda may be safer to be used in prophyjet. However, due to its crystal sizes, it often causes blockage of prophyjet tubes