[Evalution of antileishmanial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of medicago lupulina' leaves against leishmania major [MHOM/IR/75/ER] promastigotes by using MTT and microscopy method and GC/MS for hydroalcoholic extract of this plant' leaves]

Background: Leishmaniasis, has created enormous global health problem. Side effects, drug resistance and the lack of effective vaccines and to make the new compounds effective due to plant

Objective: The traditional medical plants such as black alfalfa can be a valuable source of new pharmaceutical agents against leishmaniasis

Methods: Alcoholic extracts were prepared by maceration method. L. major promastigotes [Leishmania major] in Schneider and then were cultured in RPMI- 1640. Then, using MTT [Methyl Thiazole Tetrazolium], the IC50 [Inhibitory Concentrations 50%] for extract and Glucantime was determined. MTT assay did for each sample, 3 times

Results: IC50 for alcoholic extract of alfalfa black against L. major promastigotes in vitro after 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively 165, 98 and 45 micrograms per ml and for Glucantime also equal to 27, 12 and 8 mg l respectively. IC50 between Extract and Glucantime after 24, 48 and 72 hours there was a significant difference [P <0.05]. Morphological changes after challenge with meglumine and alcoholic extracts including cell shrinkage, round, dense cytoplasm and the cell was smaller. Presence of alkaloids and flavonoids in alcoholic extracts have been proved

Conclusion: As regards, plant extract had anti- leishmanial effects in vitro, further works are required to appraise the exact effect on Leishmania agent in animal models

Results of follow-up of patients with coarctation of aorta admitted to Shaheed Rajaie medical center hospital between 1993 and 2004

True aortic Stenosis is localized Protrusion of middle layer to it's lumen. That cause reducing of blood flow. If untreated serious complications may occur. The evaluation of follow-up results of coarctation treatment in patients admitted to Shaheed Rajaie Medical center Hospital between 1993 and 2004. This is a cross sectional study encompassing all the patients admitted to Shahid Rajaee Hospital with coarctation of aorta between 1993 and 2004. The data from the patients' files were extracted. Sixty-four cases [29.8%] were female and 145 cases [70.2%] were male. Mean age in the time of treatment was [6.51 +/- 9.91] yrs. Twenty-three cases [11%] were treated with balloon angioplasty; 177cases [84.7%] underwent surgical operations; and 9 cases [4.3%] have not been operated on in this center yet. Duration of follow up was 1 to 14 years. 5 cases died after treatment. Mean follow up was 3.72 years. During of follow up period, 25.4% became hypertensive that frequency of hypertension was significantly higher in older cases [P<0.05]. 67.5% had pressure gradient equal or more than 20mmHg by echocardiography. 30 cases [14.3%] had recoarctation by catheterization [26 cases after surgery and 4 cases after native balloon angioplasty]; there was no relation between age and this variable. On the basis of results of this and same studies treatment of coarctation in lower age had lower frequency of hypertension and about effect of treatment in lower ages and higher frequency of recoarctation there is controversy