RESUMO
Aim and Objective: To determine the association of primary headache with age, sex, obesity and hypertension among patients received at medical Out-patient-department of Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad / Jamshoro
Study Design: It is a cross-sectional study conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Out-Patient Department, Hyderabad / Jamshoro, to determine the prevalence of primary headache in association with sex, age, obesity and hypertension
Place and Duration of Study: Out-Patient-Department of medicine in Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad / Jamshoro from 1[st] January 2015 to 1[st] June 2015
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 patients [both male and female] from different age groups received in Out-Patient-Department of Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. SPSS 20 version was used for analysis and results. Proforma questionnaires were used for patients including bio-data, history, blood pressure and BMI. Inclusion criteria: All adult patients, both males and females, over the age of 18 years, with presenting complaint of headache were included in the study after taking proper consent. Proper history taking, vital signs, neurological examination, eye examination, BMI, and random blood sugar level were performed. Exclusion criteria: Patients having stroke, hypoglycemia [blood sugar <60mg/dl], diabetic ketoacidosis, intracranial hypertension, eye problem, and Chronic Liver Disease were excluded from this study
Results: Out of a total number of 200 patients, 60% were female and 39% were male, while 1% was dropout during follow-up. Most of the patients were between the ages of 30-60 years. Our study determines 86% of patients have primary headache with normal blood pressure [normal BP 88%] and 13% have secondary headache mostly caused by hypertension [BP 10%], 1% patients was dropout during follow-up from study. Out of 200 patients, 48% were found to have a normal BMI [body mass index], whereas 39% were over weight and 11% had obesity and 2% came under category of morbid obesity
Conclusion: This study result determined that among the patients received at medical Out-Patient Department of Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad / Jamshoro, primary headache is more common in young females who have an increased body mass index and normal blood pressure. So it is prudent to spread awareness through media campaigns, seminars, and workshops etc, regarding prevention and proper treatment of primary headache in such patients
RESUMO
Objective: To analyze relationship of vitamin D status with Age, Gender, Occupation, Serum Calcium, ESR and Hemoglobin level in local population at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences
Study design: Cross-sectional observational study
Duration of study: Liaquat University Hospital in Medical ward and Out Patient Department [OPD] from 1[st] May 2015 - 1[st] December 2015
Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Department of Medicine, LUMHS Hyderabad. All cases were collected from OPD of medical ward and emergency, after taking informed consent. A specifically designed semi structured proforma was used to record demographic, history, examination and laboratory reports including serum calcium, ESR, Hemoglobin and vitamin D level. Patients having chronic liver disease, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, road traffic accident and others critical illness were excluded. Data entered into SPSS 20 version for analysis and p value
Results: A total of 160 patients were included in this study. The mean age of enrolled participants was 40.2+/-13.7 years. Ninety seven [60.6%] were females with female to male ratio of 1.5:1. One hundred thirty [81.3%] patients were seen in out-patient department of institute. One hundred and twelve [70%] patients are working at home. The mean hemoglobin level was 11+/-1.3 gm/dl, mean ESR 26.2+/-15.8, mean serum calcium 9.6+/-2 mg/dl and mean vitamin D3 level was 32+/-6.6 IU. Comparison of demographic and lab features of vitamin D deficient patients and with normal vitamin D was summarized in Table I
Conclusion: In Pakistan vitamin D deficient sample are more prevalent in all age group. Study shows relationship of age, sex, occupation with serum hemoglobin level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum calcium level. Study results show that vitamin D deficient is more in house workers, laborers, students and executive professional workers. Hemoglobin level was found low in vit D deficient patients as compared to vit D normal population but serum calcium, ESR were normal in both group of vitamin D deficient and controlled group of population