RESUMO
Background: Pain management requires new pharmacotherapy with good efficacy and less side effects. Piroxicam is used routinely in clinical practice but it is associated with side effects. To minimize the chances of adverse effects, sulfonated piroxicam derivatives [SPD] have been introduced. We sought to find hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of SPD in Albino rats
Methods: An experimental study on SPD was carried out at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. Healthy 24 albino rats were divided into 5 groups. One control group and four experimental groups [compound I and II, each with a dose of 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg] received treatment for 7 days. Liver function tests [LFTs], renal function tests [RFTs] and histology of liver and kidney specimens was performed after culling rats. The difference between median values of samples was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc [for LFTs and RFTs]. SPSS-21 was used for all statistical analysis and p?0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: The alanine aminotransferase [ALT] values were significantly high in the 20 mg/Kg group than control for both compounds [p=0.03, p=0.001 respectively]. The aspartate aminotransferase [AST] values were significantly high in the 10 mg/Kg and 20 mg/Kg group than control for compounds II [p=0.01, p=0.0001 respectively]. The alkaline phosphatase [ALP] values were significantly high in the 20 mg/Kg group than control for compounds II [p=0.002]. The blood urea values were significantly high in the 20 mg/Kg group than control for compounds II [p=0.008]. The mean final score of liver injury in all experimental groups [mean range 5-7] was less suggesting that the damage in liver was less pronounced. Renal injury was more pronounced in the 20 mg/Kg dose for both compound I and compound II [mean score 7] compared to 10 mg/Kg dose [mean score 4]
Conclusion: Piroxicam sulfonated derivatives can cause focal changes in liver and kidney which might be reversible. The changes are less pronounced for compound I with a low dose
RESUMO
Background: Our study was based on the alteration in the Michaelis Mentin parameters Apparent Michaelis Constant [aKm] and Apparent Maximum Velocity [aVm], which reflects activity of actylcholinesterase [AChE]. This activity decreases in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia [ALL]. This decrease in aKm and aVm values shows bad prognosis. Similarly the anticancer drugs like Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin further decreases the aKm and aVm values which worsen the prognosis. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the extent of inhibition of Acetylecholine Esterase by Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin in ALL. Methods: Study of 100 patients including both male and female children who's age ranged from 4 to 8 years and were advised doxorubicin and daunorubicin separately were tested by Ellman's method using acetylcholine iodide as substrate and 5, 5-dithiobis 2-nitrobenzine as a colour reagent regardless of dose regimen i.e. [once in 3 week, small dose per week or a continuous infusion for 72 to 96 hours. Results: In this study the Michaelis Mentin parameters Apparent Michaelis Constant [aKm] and Apparent Maximum Velocity [aVm] of the enzyme were estimated both in normal individuals and in the patients and also during treatment with daunorubicin and doxorubicin. The value of Michaelis Mentin parameters, aKm, aVm and percentage activity of the enzyme in normal individual are 23, 70, and 100 respectively. The values of aKm, aVm and percentage activity of the enzyme were also estimated in the patients before and after treatment. The values of aKm and aVm in patients of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and percentage activity of enzyme is decreased. After the treatment with daunorubicin and doxorubicin the values and activity is further decreased. Conclusion: We conclude that the drugs under study both decrease the enzyme activity but daunorubicin inhibits the enzyme more than doxorubicin