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Background: Nutrition can be defined as the science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health. Proper nutrition can help us improve our health, prevent certain diseases, achieve and maintain a desirable weight and maintain our energy and vitality. Malnutrition is a broad term commonly used as an alternative to under nutrition (wasting, stunting and underweight) but technically it also refers to over nutrition (overweight and obesity). Nutrition is particularly important in early childhood when growth is most rapid. Assessment of nutritional status of under-5 children in block Hajin and to identify the factors associated with malnutrition in these under-fives. Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study, conducted in health block Hajin on a random sample of 403 under five children using multistage sampling technique based on probability proportionate to size (PPS). Results: depicts that most of the children belonged to age group 25-60 months (45.9%), there was female preponderance (54.1%) among the study subjects. Most of the study subjects were having birth order first (40.9%). Majority of the study population were having birth interval between 2 to 3 years (40.8%). Conclusions: From the study it is concluded that prevalence of different forms of malnutrition was comparatively lower as compared to national data. Malnutrition was more in infants, female gender, under-fives belonging to nuclear families, having illiterate mothers and those belonging to lower socioeconomic status.
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Background: Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is an event of unexpected medical emergency occurring after vaccination without any causal association with vaccination. It can be any unintended, abnormal laboratory finding or anything. The present study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and severity of AEFI associated with the COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: All the beneficiaries who had received two doses of Covishield and Covaxin vaccine from SKIMS Soura and provided consent were included in this prospective study. Each beneficiary was contacted telephonically. A self- designed questionnaire was used to interview them. The beneficiaries were contacted twice. The data was entered into and analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 267 participants (52.3%) reported at least one of the AEFI following Covaxin vaccine. It was found that participants with AEFIs following the first dose had more chances to develop them following its second dose and this difference was found to be statistically significant (OR=6.8, p=0.0001). A total of 670 participants (38.0%) reported at least one of the AEFI following Covishield vaccine. The incidence of AEFIs was more after the first dose (31.6%) than that of the second dose (6.4%) and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Most of the AEFI are minor and can be managed symptomatically. Therefore, these AEFIs should not be a hurdle for vaccination.
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Background: The present study was planned to find out socio-economic coordinates and morbidity profile of the inhabitants of a peri-urban area of Srinagar district- urban field practice area of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS). Methods: A cross-sectional community-based house to house study of Anchar area (peri-urban) was conducted for a period of six months. Out of six localities/mohallas of anchar, three localities/mohallas representing the core area and comprising the major chunk of population were purposively selected for the study. All the households of the selected localities were included in the study. Results: The inhabitants of area are moderately positioned on socio-economic scale. The area lacks an adequate liquid waste disposal system. The prevalence of tobacco use was found to be 30.61%. 10.94% of the total population was found to be morbid. Most common morbidities found were hypertension (5.15%) followed by diabetes (1.41%), hypothyroidism (1.23%) and cardiovascular disease (0.82%). Conclusions: Life style diseases are preponderate among the study population. Sustained and regular health check-ups ought to be carried out with a special focus on awareness and education.
RESUMO
Background: Vaccination is one of the most successful public health interventions that has saved millions of lives so far. Due to the occupational exposure, health care workers have an increased risk of contracting hepatitis B. Objectives were to assess the vaccination practices regarding hepatitis B among healthcare personnel (HCP) and to study the factors associated with the vaccination practices regarding hepatitis B of these HCP. Methods: This cross sectional hospital based study was conducted for a period of 1 year at Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) among 450 HCP including doctors, nursing staff, laboratory staff and others and the required sample was drawn from each category on the basis of probability proportionate to size technique. Information was collected from participants by using predesigned, pretested structured and validated questionnaire. Results: It was found that only 34.9% were vaccinated against hepatitis B. The coverage was highest among doctors 55.5% followed by technicians 25.6%, nurses 23.6%. The main reasons for not receiving this vaccine were: taking all necessary precautions (49.1%), hospital does not provide the vaccine (20.8%), not aware about hepatitis B vaccine (20.5 %). Conclusions: The study revealed that the hepatitis B vaccination coverage of these healthcare personnel was quite low in spite of the importance of the vaccine for healthcare personnel who are always at risk of getting exposed to the virus during their duties.