RESUMO
Malaysia Mosquito Autocidal Trap (MyMAT) is a green technology Aedes mosquito trap that does not use harmful chemical substances. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of MyMAT in reducing dengue cases and relating the cases to rainfall. An experimental field study was conducted for 42 weeks at Pangsapuri Nilam Sari, Shah Alam, Selangor. A total of 624 MyMAT was allocated at four blocks: inside each apartment and outside at the corridors in each level. Mosquito and rainfall data were collected weekly using MyMAT and a mobile rain gauge, respectively. The dengue cases data was retrieved from the e-dengue system obtained from the Malaysia Ministry of Health. The findings showed that MyMAT could catch 97% of Aedes mosquitoes and reduced dengue cases on average of 78%, indicating MyMAT is a reliable Aedes mosquito trap. Interestingly the findings also revealed a significant relationship between dengue cases, the number of Aedes mosquitoes, and rainfall. This week notified dengue cases increased when last two weeks mosquitoes increased due to previous two weeks rainfall increment. Thus indicating an indirect but significant relationship between this week notified dengue cases with the last four weeks rainfall. These relationships can be used in establishing a dengue outbreak forecasting model, which can act as an early warning system.
RESUMO
Background: Current control strategies that rely on residual contact insecticides have resulted in insecticide resistance or tolerance to all the major groups of insecticides. New strategies are based on repeated monitoring, sanitation, educational programs and use of pesticides such as gel bait. Objective: Investigate the effectiveness of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program on life stages of German cockroaches at infested units of a residential building in southwestern Iran. Methods: Life stages (adult, nymph, and ootheca) of German cockroaches at 53 units (rooms) were monitored by sticky traps for eight months. The infested units were subjected randomly to IPM treatments and compared to controls following five weeks of monitoring. The IPM approach was based on an educational program using pamphlets, posters, lectures, sanitation with vacuuming, and application of hydramethylnon gel baits. Results: There was a high proportion of nymph population (76% of cockroach trap counts) before treatment. German cockroaches showed the highest frequency distribution in trap counts at surveyed residential units. Percentage reduction in nymphs was lower than the reduction in adults in the first week post treatment, although from the fourth to the twenty-sixth week, the percentage reduction was higher than in adults or equal when they reached 100% reduction. Mean total results showed significant reduction in adult and nymph stages throughout the treatment period. Reduction in ootheca fluctuated over the IPM program. Conclusion: Siege gel bait (Hydramethylnon 2%) in an IPM program successfully reduced adult and nymph stages of German cockroach infestation over the post treatment weeks especially after the fourth post treatment week.