Isolated retrobulbar hydatid cyst: a case report

Background: Hydatid cyst is caused by Echinococcus granulosus and human is the accidental host. The most common sites of involvement are the liver and lungs, and involvement of other organs is less common. Ocular involvement of hydatid cyst is one of the most uncommon manifestations of hydatid cyst

Cases Report: The case was a 40-year-old woman with a retrobulbar cystic lesion who was examined for the left eye pain and then proptosis. With the initial diagnosis of retrobulbar tumor, the patient underwent surgery and the removed mass was sent to the pathology laboratory. Since the result indicated the existence of a hydatid cyst, the patient was referred to the infectious service and was treated with albendazole

Conclusion: Although the ocular involvement of hydatid cyst is uncommon, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with proptosis in the endemic areas

Assessment of risk factors in patients with chronic hepatitis B referred to Dr. Labbafi Nejad's Hospital Hepatitis clinic 2012- 2014

Background: With the growing trend of unhealthy behaviors in the community, the likelihood of transmission of hepatitis B virus from infected people to society is increasing. So, early detection for preventing disease progression in patients and preventing the spread to the community has an important role. The aim of this study is assessment of risk factors in patients with chronic hepatitis B referred to Labbafi nejad's Hospital hepatitis Clinic during 2012-2014

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study is done on 329 hepatitis B confirmed patients that were admitted to Labbafi nejad's Hospital hepatitis Clinic 2012-15. Information was collected by interviewing patients by researcher-made questionnaire. Variables are, all risk factors for hepatitis B, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 21. Average and frequency was used for descriptive and chi-square test was used for analysis

Results: 329 persons [59% males, 41%females] with a mean age of 44/83 years. 33/7% of these individuals have been identified through routine screening. The frequency of exposure to risk factors in this study are as follows: Some groups, such as history of dentist visit [62.3%], major surgery [45.5%] and hospitalization [54.7%] had higher prevalence than other groups. There were no cases of hepatitis B in history of cosmetics and splice joint, common use of blades and razors, HCV disease in patients at the same time, Family history of HIV positive in patients and HIV disease in patients at the same time

Conclusion: It seems to be of great importance to pay more attention to certain jobs, lifestyles and cultural matters in Iran that predispose people to a number of risk factors so as to implement measures to control HBV spread. Also, given the high levels of hepatitis B infection among housewives [in this study], it seems that increased awareness and social - health education in order to avoid unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner can be highly effective. Despite existence of a long list of risk factors, different epidemiological studies with alternative methodologies accompanied by meta-analysis of risk factors in each separate area seems to be helpful in providing information about transmission

Seroprevalence of hepatitis a in hemodialysis patient candidate for kidney transplant than forty years

Background: Hepatitis A is a common infection during childhood, especially in developing countries. It can cause severe complications in immunocompromised patients. Due to the increasing number of kidney transplants in the country and epidemiologic shift of HAV which was observed in previous studies, we're going to evaluate the seroprevalence of hepatitis A in hemodialysis patients less than forty years serving kidney transplant candidates to follow vaccination policy for them

Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study during 2014-2015 hepatitis A antibody levels in hemodialysis patients less than forty years in kidney transplant candidates examined in 12 hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Their serums were tested for anti HAV IgM and IgG by ELISA kits

Results: Hepatitis A virus antibody was positive in 66 [72.5%] of 91 patients. The prevalence of HAV was 0% at the range of younger than 20 and 45% in under 25 years age group. This significantly increased prevalence by increasing the age, and there was according to epidemiological shifts which were shown in other studies

Conclusion: Due to the availability of vaccine and hepatitis severe complications in immunocompromised individuals, as well as a low prevalence of positive serology in individuals under 25 years, it seems the check of antibodies in patients undergoing kidney transplantation and vaccination in seronegative persons is a logical

sustained virologic response and adverse effects of peg interferon alfa and ribavirin in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis c: a study from Iran

Background: Hepatitis C infection is a worldwide problem. In Iran, hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection prevalence is about 1-2%. A combination therapy of pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin [PEG-IFNalpha/RBV] is a standard treatment, but our aim was to determine the efficacy and safety of dual PEG-IFNalpha/RBV therapy in treating patients infected with HCV in Iranian context

Materials and Methods: This study is a cross sectional conducted among 98 HCV infected patients who were admitted to Labbafinezhad Hospital [Tehran, Iran] for treatment from April 2014 to September 2016. Patients were medicated with Peg Interferon Alfa [INFalpha] and Ribavirin [RBV]. Lab tests were monitored through the study and dose modification was done. We also assessed treatment responses at the defined time points. The incidences of adverse events were determined either. We investigated independent predictors of sustained virologic response [SVR] in the participants. Finally, data were gathered and statistical analysis was completed

Results: Eighty-eight percent of patients were male and 11.2% were female. Mean age was 43.44 years. Patients were mostly male, single, with nongovernmental business and low level of education. Risk factors were known to be addiction with non-injectable substances and phlebotomy. Myalgia, fatigue and malaises were the most common complications and suicide intention was the least one. SVR was estimated 76.7%. AST and ALT were significantly reduced in treatment period

Conclusion: Peg INFa and RBV are effective in treating HCV infection

Outcome of accidental exposure prone to blood borne viral infections in an educational hospital

Background: The risk for transmission of blood-borne viruses [BBVs] such as Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hepatitis B virus [HBV] and hepatitis C virus [HCV] due to occupational exposure is a major concern in the health care setting

Materials and Methods: This study among 337 health care workers [HCWs] accidentally exposed to BBVs was carried out from January 2009 to March 2015. The data were reviewed in labbafinejhad hospital, Tehran, Iran

Results: 4 HCWs had exposure to HBS Ag positive, which HBS antibody titer of them was higher than 10 mlu/ml, 6 HCWs were exposed to HCV seropositive patients underwent laboratory investigations for HCV-antibody on 4,12, 24 weeks that results were negative. 3 cases had exposure to HIV seropositive patients which received standard antiretroviral post exposure prophylaxis

Conclusion: Timely performance for PEP [Post Exposure Prophylaxis] reducing BBVs transmission among HCWs

Interferon -alpha 2b [PDferon B®] in treatment of HBeAgnegatiue chronic hepatitis B; preliminary report

Aims: in this report we aim to assess therapeutic efficiency and safety of particular brand of IFN-alpha 2b [PDferon B®] in patients with HBeAg negative-CHB in Iran

Patients and Methods: 28 patients [23 male, 5 female, mean age 28+/-12.4 years] with HBeAg-negative Chronic Hepatitis B enrolled. All of them received Interferon-alpha 2b [PDferon B®] 5-6 MU per dose and totally 15-35 MU per week for six months. Demographic characteristics, sex, age time of diagnosis, histological scoring and family history of HBV infection considered in analysis

Results: all except one received the drug until finishing the course of treatment. 10.7 %determined as not responsive neither biochemically nor virologically. 85.7 were responder by considering one of the criteria. 60.7 % patients had complete response [HBV DNA negative and normal ALT] and 4.6% HBsAg seroconvert

Conclusions: considering high response rate of the current study, the efficacy of PDferon B@] is similar to other Interferons in different studies