Cognitive Development Based On The Volleyball Game Play In Physical Education

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU), Sport Education Model (SEM), and Hybrid Teaching Games for Understanding Sport Education Model (HTGfU–SEM) on the cognitive performance among Form 1 students on volleyball gameplay. Student’s cognitive focusing on the tactical decision-making aspect of opening and closing space and selection of skills used in the game. Methodology: The study is using the quasi-experimental method involving a sample of 96 Form 1 students. The control group is TGfU while the treatment groups are SEM and HTGfU-SEM. The research instrument was adapted from the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) with the validity value (r =.81). These modified instruments were used to assess the cognitive aspects of badminton gameplay. The Mean, SD, ANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA and posthoc test were used to analyze the cognitive data. Results: As for the overall tactical decision making via a multivariate test in volleyball gameplay indicated significant effect through SEM. Especially for closing space in volleyball 3 vs. 3 gameplay through SEM, F (2, 93) = 10.054, p <0.05, η2 = .178. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a strong justification for implementing SEM in teaching and facilitating physical education games since it may enhance student’s cognitive ability especially in tactical decision-making in opening and closing space and selection of skills. Advancement in cognitive ability may enhance student’s capacity to mastery of in-game skills.

Health-Based Physical Fitness Level By Gender Among Form Six Sports Science Students In The State Of Kedah

Background: Physical fitness has a strong relationship with health and academic achievement. This study aims to identify the health-related physical fitness level among Form Six Sports Science students in the State of Kedah by gender. Methods: 225 students (107 male and 118 female) were purposively selected to participate in this descriptive study. This study was conducted using the Prudential FITNESSGRAM® test battery instrument, which introduced by Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research, (1992). Researchers determine the physical fitness level of the subjects using five test items: cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, and body mass index (BMI). Results: The findings use descriptive statistical analysis to identify the physical fitness level based on health components using the norms developed by Elumalai et al. (2019). The overall fitness analysis showed that almost 50% of boys and girls were in the range of a good level. Around 20% were in the range of moderate and very good respectively. Meanwhile, less than 5% were excellent in both genders. Analysis based on separate components showed most of the subjects, around 80% were in the range of moderate to very good. Conclusion: This study indicates that Form Six Sports Science student's physical fitness should be tested and evaluated before enrolling in Form Six sports Science program. This will ensure that they are healthy and have the quality as expected for future sports personals towards the development of the Malaysian sports industry.