RESUMO
To determine the effect of hyperglycemia on thickness of crystalline lens of eye in diabetic population and its comparison with non-diabetics of same age group. Cross sectional observational study. The study was conducted at Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi. A total 112 patients over a period of six months were included in study. Ocular lens thickness was measured in 56 diabetic patients and 56 non-diabetic controls by using A-scan biometry. Parameters like duration of diabetes and type of medication were recorded. 112 patients were divided into two groups. In diabetic group [56 patients], most of the patients i.e. [42%] had BSR more than 200 mg/dl. Out of 56 controls, most of the subjects i.e. 54%] had BSR between 70-90mg/dl. Thickness of crystalline lens was in the range of 4.00-6.21 mm with mean of 5.10mm in diabetics and in range of 4.00-4.50mm with mean of 4.16mm in non-diabetic controls. Thickness of crystalline lens was increased in patients who had diabetes for at least 10 years as compared to normal controls
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine the type and frequency of congenital/ developmental defects and to gather baseline data for future studies on congenital/ developmental anomalies of eye. Retrospective and prospective case series. The study was conducted at Al-ShifaTrust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi over a period of 3 years in the Paediatric Ophthalmology Department which included recording of visual acuity, complete anterior and posterior segment examination and cycloplegic refraction of 514 patients that formed the study group. 45.3% of the children had no visual impairment, while 54.7% had severe visual impairment/blindness. The most frequent anomaly seen was cataract [23%], followed by nasolacrimal duct obstruction [20%]. Congenital ptosis, followed by blepharophimosis was important lid anomalies. Among the retinal disorders [15% of the total], pigmentary retinal degenerations contributed to 44% while albinism and maculopathies were the other important anomalies. Congenital anomalies of the optic nerve, cornea and defects involving the whole globe were found less frequently. Consanguinity was positive in 56% of the cases. A positive family history was obtained in 10% of the cases. 77.5% of the children were amenable to treatment at the time of presentation, while 22.5% could not be offered any treatment. Overall, more than half of the children [51.2%] underwent some sort of surgery. Spectacles, low vision aids and conservative management were offered as other mode of therapy. In Pakistan there is significant prevalence of congenital anomalies. Consanguinity is one of the major contributory factors for hereditary and congenital eye diseases. Public health education about the problems of consanguinity and community awareness about availability of genetic counseling services needs to be promoted