RESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, which results in high levels of glucose in the body after a meal or fasting. This disease is caused by the absence or reduction of insulin secretion. Accordingly, diabetes is usually classified into two types, Type 1(IDDM) and Type II (NIDDM). The aim of the present study is to carry the phytochemical analysis and antidiabetic activity of Salvia aegyptiaca Lethanolic leaves extract. Phytochemical study was carried out by standard methods, shows the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, proteins, glycosides, carbohydrates, lipids, alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids, while saponins shown to be absent. Antidiabetic activity of Salvia aegyptiaca Lwere carried out in both normoglycemic and diabetic induced rats. Normoglycemic animal group were fed with ethanolic leaves extract of Salvia aegyptiaca Lat a dose of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg alone for 14days, showed decrease in blood glucose level. In diabetic animal group the rats were made diabetic by intraperitoneal(i.p) injection of 100 mg/kg alloxan monohydrate, then followed by administration of ethanolic leaves extract of Salvia aegyptiaca(250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) and standard Tolbutamide (50mg/kg,p.o) for14 days. The results of the diabetic induced group also showed decrease in glucose levels. The results of thecurrent investigation demonstrate that various phytochemical present in Salvia aegyptiaca Lethanolic leaves extracts, might be responsible for antidiabetic effect, due to its known antioxidant property
RESUMO
The gut enzymes are released in response to intake of meal, those are GLP-I (glucagon link peptide-I) & GIP (glucose-dependent insulin tropic polypeptide) along with DPP-4(Dipeptidylpeptidase-4). GLP-I has vital role in control of glucose levels and it may also has capacity reduce body weight and it can manage some micro & macro-vascular complications. Unfortunately it has very shorter half-life 1-2 min, and eventually it was degraded by DPP-4 enzyme. Therefore GLP-I has ineffective to perform its tasks. To overcome this incidence essential to inhibit DPP-4 enzyme is benefited in diabetics and in non diabetics suffering with micro, macro vascular complications. Ubiquitous Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) -4 has pleiotropic effects because it is widely distributed other than intestine. DPP-4 enzyme inhibition has a promising effect on glycemic control. DPP-4 inhibition is also involved in the improvement of non-glycemic effects as directly or indirectly the DPP-4 enzyme is linked with some pathological conditions of particular organs, such as DPP-4 is linked with the intestinal secretion of triglycerides, and DPP-4 is expressed in the glomerulus in uncontrolled diabetics which in turn leads to nephritis. DPP-4 release strongly correlates with adipocyte size, potentially representing an important source of DPP-4 in obesity. DPP-4 inhibition produces an anti-inflammatory activity because the activity of DPP-4 results in reduced production of cytokines including interleukins and interferon-G. All these anti-inflammatory agents are inhibited by the DPP-4 enzyme which can lead to pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and provokes atherosclerosis & psoriasis. Serum sodium and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are also regulated by inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme and which can produce vascular protection & regulates blood pressure. Teneligliptin is a recently developed oral DPP-4 inhibitor indicated for the management of T2DM in adults along with diet and exercise. Teneligliptin is recently available in India and is also available in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents at affordable prices. This review is aimed at exploring the status of teneligliptin with emphasis on its glycemic effects and non-glycemic clinical benefits associated with increasing GLP-1 & GIP