Application of kingdon and hall models to review environmental sanitation and health promotion policy in Ethiopia: a professional perspective as a review

BACKGROUND: In the world, many countries, including Ethiopia, are framing policies to roll back the problem of the sanitation. For this, the Kingdon and Hall models are the two distinct models formed to articulate the policy agenda to the health problem. The Kingdon model includes problem, policy and politics streams whereas the Hall model includes legitimacy, feasibility and support of the health policies. Therefore, this review aims to integrate the two models with diseases prevention and health promotion policies of Ethiopia. METHODS: We used the existing frameworks of the models as a guiding principle. Then, we applied the frameworks of the two models as an important consideration to interlink policy agenda to a given health problem. We also described the existing scientific literature about the sanitation and health promotion. After thoroughly reviewing, possible policy inputs and country setups were included with a brief discussion by comparing different kinds of literatures. RESULTS: The two models are recognized as an opportunity to get an essential sanitation policy. The government settled and has closed links to the new innovation as an emerged discourse. Therefore, the two model streams came together for setting sanitation problem on the policy agenda. The technical feasibility, public acceptability and congruence with existing values were all judged to be favorable. CONCLUSION: The integration of policies within the policy frameworks has very important outputs in various countries. Therefore, the field specialists should figure out the problem of policy integration through policy evaluation researches

population-based surgery of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes in general public, Bandar-Abbas, Iran

To evaluate the knowledge, and attitudes of Bandar-Abbas general public about various aspects of HIV/AIDS, A random sample of individuals aged 15-64 years were interviewed using a multistage area sampling method. A four section questionnaire was used to measure HIV/AIDS related attitudes and knowledge. In all, 2123 people participated in the study. The majority of respondents had a relatively poor knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Age and education, were associated with the knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Negative attitudes toward HIV-infected individuals were common. Those with higher education were more positive in their attitudes compared to less educated respondents. "Television" was the main source of information [72.4%] followed by "newspapers and magazines" [51.6%] as stated by the participants. Poor knowledge and negative attitude about AIDS still exist. There should also be a big push to increase teaching efforts in schools. Moreover, educational advisors, physicians and nurses should be active in educating people