RESUMO
The present study was conducted to investigate the quality and efficacy of commercially available preparations of tylosin and doxycycline available in the local market at Peshawar for poultry. In vitro and in vivo, tests were conducted to check the quality of these antimicrobial drugs. In vitro quality control test was performed by High performance liquid chromatographic [HPLC] and micro dilution method. In vivo, efficacy of the test drugs was checked in broilers infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Results of HPLC indicated that test drug-2 contains doxycycline hydrochloride within specified limits but contain high quantity of active ingredient [Tylosin tartrate 120%]. Recovery percentage of test drugs [3, 4, 5] were below the pharmacopoeial limit, which contained low quantity of tylosin tartrate [85%, 87.5%, 85%] respectively however, percent recovery of doxycycline were in the appropriate limits. All the tested drugs were effective against Mycoplasma gallisepticum and showed minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] at 1.9micro g/ml. The in vivo result indicated that all tested drugs decreased morbidity and mortality in infected chicks. The birds treated with test drugs [3 and 5] showed mortality of 9.5%, which was slightly higher than the other test groups. The current study suggested that there are incidences of substandard drugs in Pakistan and the drug regularity authorities should take strict actions against the manufacturing companies
RESUMO
Objective: To determine the drugs susceptibility pattern of mycobacterium tuberculosis [M.TB] in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis [MDR-TB] patients' attendants in North Western, Pakistan
Study Design: Cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Peshawar Tuberculosis Research Laboratory [PTRL], Provincial TB Control Program Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, [KP] from August 2013 to March 2014
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study in which four hundred and eighty sputum samples from MDR-TB patients' attendants were processed for the detection of M.TB through Ziehl-Neelsen staining, Lowenstein-Jensen, BACTEC MGIT-960 culture and line probe assay
Results: Out of 480 samples, 06 [2.1%] were found positive for M.TB through Ziehl-Neelsen staining while 10 [2.8%] were positive through LJ and BACTEC MGIT-960 culture. The 10 positive samples were further subjected to drugs susceptibility testing and line probes assay test to find out rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol resistant and it was found that 6 M.TB isolates were resistant while 4 were sensitive to rifampicin and isoniazid. Among the 6 resistant M.TB strains, 4 showed mutation in rpoB gene at 531, 516 and 526 codons
Conclusion: Majority of MDR-TB patients' attendants had drug-resistant tuberculosis and the rate of drug susceptible TB was low
RESUMO
An experimental study was carried out to compare physiological effects [serum glucose level] of medetomidine in Red Sindhi cattle calves at three different doses i.e. 8, 10 and 12microg/kg body weight intravenously. Medetomidine produced a dose dependent significant [P<0.01] increase in serum glucose level with a maximum increase observed at 30 minutes with 8microg/kg, 10microg/kg and 12microg/kg body weight respectively. Start of sedation, degree of sedation and total duration of sedation were all dose dependent and the values obtained were significantly [P<0.01] different from each other. It was observed that the sedation was rapid, deep and longer with the higher doses of medetomidine i.e. 12microg/kg. The results of the present study shows that medetomidine is a very effective and safest drug use as sedative for calves which in lower doses [8microg/kg] can be used as a pre-anesthetic and for restraining of the animal, while higher calculated doses [10microg/kg, 12microg/kg] can be used to execute the minor surgical procedures