RESUMO
Background: Understanding the motives and reasons for drug treatment is very important. This study aimed to develop a psychometric evaluation to determine the reasons for addiction treatment among outpatients referred to addiction treatment clinics
Methods: This cross-sectional validation study included five phases [i] Item generation [ii] Making an initial questionnaire [iii] Content validity [iv] Reliability analysis and [v] Structure validity. Addiction treatment motivations were identified by reviewing literatures and interviews with 21 stakeholders. A 30-item questionnaire was used for data collection and a random sample of 300 participants completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using content validity [CVR and CVI], internal consistency [Chronbach's alpha coefficient] and exploratory factor analysis [EFA] by SPSS version 16 software
Results: With exploratory factor analysis, 22 items that were remaining jointly explained 60.6% of the variance observed. Inconsistency assessment, Cronbach's coefficient [a] of items was 0.9. Items with CVIs and CVRs greater than 0.84, remained and factor loading cut off > 0.5 as valid items. They were loaded into four factor solution for the questionnaire, namely: family factors, threats, friend's factors and self-efficacy
Conclusions: This study suggests a reliable and valid instrument with four factors related to motives of addiction treatment
RESUMO
To plan an educational program to prevent HIV/AIDS among university students based on Health Belief Model [HBM]. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran University in academic year of 2004-2005. The instrument used was a questionnaire including demographic information, knowledge questions, health belief model constructs [perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits and barriers] and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients, high risk behaviors questionnaire and intention to take HIV test. The participants were selected through stratified and systematic methods. Data were analyzed performing Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and one was ANOVA. In all 664 students participated in the study. The mean age was 18.74 +/- 8/1. according to self report,%4.1 were smoker,%2.9 used substance drugs,%1.5 suffered from sexual transmitted disease and HIV/AIDS.%26.4 believed that their knowledge is insufficient.%71.1 believed in having low risk of being infected. Almost all of the participants were highly aware of HIV/AIDS. The results also indicated that there was a significant relationship between the participants' knowledge and their perceived severity and susceptibility and benefits in term of willing to take the test. Lack of HIV voluntary counseling and testing center and feat of the test results were the main barriers of HIV test. The findings suggest that we need to educate and raise the people consciousness about the perceived benefits of HIV test, the way of giving the test results, and the contact details and services for voluntary counseling and testing centers