Characteristics and influencing factors of early pain in patients after total knee arthroplasty / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the current status of early pain in patients after total knee arthro-plasty under enhanced recovery mode and analyze the influencing factors.Methods:In the study,142 patients with total knee arthroplasty of a hospital in Beijing were investigated by convenient sampling.Visual analog scale(VAS)was used to describe the degree of pain(including resting pain and activity pain)within 3 days after operation,and the nature and location of pain and satisfaction with the analgesic effect of the patients were recorded.The influencing factors included age,gender,place of residence,education level,body mass index(BMI),years of pain,chronic medical history,surgical history,surgi-cal duration,whether to indwell a drainage tube,type of carer,severity of the disease,sleep quality,anxiety,depression,and preoperative pain level.The investigation tools of influencing factors were the general information questionnaire of patients,pain assessment questionnaire,Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS).Firstly,single factor analysis was carried out on the included influencing factors,and then multiple stepwise regression analysis was carried out on the statistically significant variables to clarify the main influencing factors of early pain in patients after total knee arthroplasty.Results:The peak pain of the patient occurred at night on the first postoperative day and in the afternoon on the second postoperative day,with resting pain scores of(2.5±1.2)and(2.7±1.1),and activity pain scores of(3.8±1.5)and(4.0±1.6);the most common pain site was posterior knee pain(68,47.9％),followed by anterior knee combined with posterior knee pain(32,22.5％),anterior knee pain(27,19.1％),anterior knee combined with me-dial knee pain(10,7.0％),and anterior knee combined with lateral knee pain(5,3.5％);the nature of pain was mostly composed of soreness combined with swelling pain(58,40.8％),while the rest in-cluded simple soreness(26,18.3％),simple swelling pain(24,16.9％),hot burning pain(10,7.0％),pricking pain(9,6.3％),spasmodic traction pain(5,3.5％),tearing pain(4,2.8％),knife cutting pain(3,2.2％),and stabbing pain combined with soreness(3,2.2％);the patients who were satisfied and very satisfied with the analgesic effect were 114(80.3％).The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in sleep quality,disease severity,types of care-givers and depression score(P＜0.05).The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting the patients'early postoperative pain were preoperative sleep quality,depres-sion,the Knee Society score and the type of care(P=0.002).Conclusion:Most patients under en-hanced recovery after surgery are satisfied with the effect of pain control after operation.Medical staff can carry out predictive intervention in patients'sleep quality,depression to reduce the patients'early post-operative pain.At the same time,the research results suggest that choosing family members to accompany the patients can effectively improve the patients'early postoperative pain experience.

Research progress on esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia / 实用医学杂志

China is a country with a high incidence of esophageal cancer.The pathological type is mainly squamous cell carcinoma.Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia is the most recognized precancerous lesion of esopha-geal squamous cell carcinoma,and its monitoring and intervention is an effective method to reduce the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and improve the quality of life of patients.Understanding the etiology,clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma plays a crucial role in the prevention and early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.At present,the clinical research related to esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia is still insufficient,and there are some differences in clinical treat-ment.This review summarizes the risk factors,clinical features,diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia,hoping to provide ideas for the clinical management of esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.

Effect of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide on Expression of GLT-1 in Glutamate-induced Hippocampal Astrocytes / 华中科技大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8)on glutamate transporter 1(GLT-1)expression in hippocampal astrocytes induced by glutamate(Glu).Methods The mouse hippocampal astrocytes were isolated and the toxicity of CCK-8 at different concentrations on the mouse hippocampal astrocytes was detected.The cells were divided into control group,Glu group,Glu+0.1 μmol/L CCK-8 group,Glu+0.5 μmol/L CCK-8 group and Glu+1.0 μmol/L CCK-8 group.MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis.Biochemical kit was used to detect Glu content in the extracellular supernatant,and qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of GLT-1 and glutamate/aspartate transporter(GLAST).The protein expressions of Caspase-3,Bcl-2,GLT-1 and GLAST were detected by Western blotting,and the expression of TNF-α in the cell supernatant was detected by ELISA.Results CCK-8 at different concentrations had no significant effect on the proliferation of mouse hippocampal astrocytes.Compared with the control group,the cell proliferation ability and the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein,GLT-1 and GLAST mRNA and protein in Glu group were significantly decreased(all P＜0.01),the apoptosis rate,extracellular Glu content,Caspase-3 protein expression level in cells and TNF-α level in cell supernatant were significantly increased(all P＜0.01);Compared with the Glu group,the cell proliferation a-bility and the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein,GLT-1 and GLAST mRNA and protein in the Glu+0.5 μmol/L CCK-8 group and Glu+1.0 μmol/L CCK-8 group were significantly increased(all P＜0.05),the apoptosis rate,extracellular Glu content,Caspase-3 protein expression level in cells and TNF-α level in cell supernatant were significantly decreased(all P＜0.01).Con-clusion CCK-8 can inhibit Glu-induced inflammatory response of astrocytes,promote the expression of GLT-1,reduce the con-centration of extracellular Glu,promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis.

Efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil placement combined with tissue adhesive injection in treatment of gastric varices with spontaneous shunt / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy， safety， and cost-effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound （EUS）-guided coil placement combined with tissue adhesive injection in the treatment of gastric varices with spontaneous shunt. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the patients with acute gastric variceal bleeding and spontaneous portosystemic shunt who were hospitalized and received balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration （BRTO） combined with endoscopic tissue adhesive injection or EUS-guided coil placement combined with tissue adhesive injection in Xiangyang Central Hospital from March 2019 to September 2022. The two surgical procedures were compared in terms of efficacy （technical success rate， 5-day rebleeding rate， 1-year rebleeding rate， and time to rebleeding）， safety （the incidence rate of ectopic embolism， the amount of tissue adhesive used， and the amount of lauromacrogol used）， and cost-effectiveness （hospital costs and length of hospital stay）. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the rebleeding. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsA total of 25 patients received successful EUS-guided coil placement and tissue adhesive injection， with a technical success rate of 100%， a median amount of 2.5 mL tissue adhesive used， a median amount of 11.0 mL lauromacrogol used， a mean length of hospital stay of 14.88±3.21 days， a mean hospital cost of 32 660.00±4 602.07 yuan， and a 5-day rebleeding rate of 0%； among these patients， 2 were lost to follow-up， and 23 patients with complete follow-up data had an incidence rate of ectopic embolism of 0% and a median time to rebleeding of 689 days. A total of 14 patients underwent modified BRTO combined with endoscopic tissue adhesive injection， with a technical success rate of 100%； a median amount of 5.0 mL tissue adhesive used during surgery， which was significantly higher than that used in EUS （U=39.000， P<0.001）； a median amount of 10.5 mL lauromacrogol used during surgery； a mean length of hospital stay of 15.38±4.94 days； a mean hospital cost of 57 583.47±18 955.40 yuan， which was significantly higher than that used in EUS （t=-6.310， P<0.001）； a 5-day rebleeding rate of 0%. No patient was lost to follow-up， and all 14 patients had an incidence rate of ectopic embolism of 0% and a median time to rebleeding of 244.50 days， with no significant difference between the two groups （χ2=1.448， P=0.229）. ConclusionEUS-guided coil placement combined with tissue adhesive injection is a relatively safe and effective technique for the treatment of gastric variceal bleeding and has a high technical success rate， a low incidence rate of serious adverse events， and similar efficacy to BRTO， with higher safety and cost-effectiveness.

Effect of Calcified Lymph Nodes on Thoracoscopic Lobectomy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Lung Cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To observe the effect of calcified lymph nodes on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with lung cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the COPD patients with lung cancer who underwent VATS lobectomy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from May 2014 to May 2018.The patients were assigned into a calcified lymph node group and a control group according to the presence or absence of calcified lymph nodes in CT,and the size,morphology,and calcification degree of the lymph nodes were recorded.The operation duration,intraoperative blood loss,chest tube retention time,hospitalization days,and overall complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results The 30 patients in the calcified lymph node group included 17 patients with one calcified lymph node and 13 patients with two or more calcified lymph nodes,and a total of 65 calcified lymph nodes were recorded.The calcified lymph nodes with the size ≤5 mm were the most common (53.8%),and complete calcification was the most common form (55.4%) in lymph node calcification.The mean operation duration had no significant difference between the calcified lymph node group and the control group (t=-1.357,P=0.180).The intraoperative blood loss (t=-2.646,P=0.010),chest tube retention time (t=-2.302,P=0.025),and hospitalization days (t=-2.274,P=0.027) in the calcified lymph node group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusion Calcified lymph nodes increase the difficulty and risk of VATS lobectomy in the COPD patients with lung cancer.The findings of this study are conducive to predicting the perioperative process of VATS lobectomy.

Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on functional connectivity in the related brain regions of patients with depression based on the resting-state fMRI / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the brain effect mechanism and the correlation between brain functional imaging and cognitive function in treatment of depressive disorder (DD) with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) based on the resting-state functional magenetic reasonance imaging (rs-fMRI).@*METHODS@#Thirty-two DD patients were included in a depression group and 32 subjects of healthy condition were enrolled in a normal group. In the depression group, the taVNS was applied to bilateral Xin (CO15) and Shen (CO10), at disperse-dense wave, 4 Hz/20 Hz in frequency and current intensity ≤20 mA depending on patient's tolerance, 30 min each time, twice daily. The duration of treatment consisted of 8 weeks. The patients of two groups were undertaken rs-fMRI scanning. The scores of Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) were observed in the normal group at baseline and the depression group before and after treatment separately. The differential brain regions were observed before and after treatment in the two groups and the value of degree centrality (DC) of fMRI was obtained. Their correlation was analyzed in terms of HAMD, HAMA and WCST scores.@*RESULTS@#The scores of HAMD and HAMA in the depression group were all higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of HAMD and HAMA were lower than those before treatment in the depression group; the scores of total responses, response errors and perseverative errors of WCST were all lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The brain regions with significant differences included the left inferior temporal gyrus, the left cerebellar peduncles region 1, the left insula, the right putamen, the bilateral supplementary motor area and the right middle frontal gyrus. After treatment, the value of DC in left supplementary motor area was negatively correlated to HAMD and HAMA scores respectively (r=-0.324, P=0.012; r=-0.310, P=0.015); the value of DC in left cerebellar peduncles region 1 was negatively correlated to the total responses of WCST (r=-0.322, P=0.013), and the left insula was positively correlated to the total responses of WCST (r=0.271, P=0.036).@*CONCLUSION@#The taVNS can modulate the intensity of the functional activities of some brain regions so as to relieve depressive symptoms and improve cognitive function.

Therapeutic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid-berberine supramolecular nanoparticles on ulcerative colitis based on supramolecular system induced by weak bond / 中国中药杂志

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a recurrent, intractable inflammatory bowel disease. Coptidis Rhizoma and Bovis Calculus, serving as heat-clearing and toxin-removing drugs, have long been used in the treatment of UC. Berberine(BBR) and ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA), the main active components of Coptidis Rhizoma and Bovis Calculus, respectively, were employed to obtain UDCA-BBR supramolecular nanoparticles by stimulated co-decocting process for enhancing the therapeutic effect on UC. As revealed by the characterization of supramolecular nanoparticles by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and dynamic light scattering(DLS), the supramolecular nanoparticles were tetrahedral nanoparticles with an average particle size of 180 nm. The molecular structure was described by ultraviolet spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance(H-NMR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the formation of the supramolecular nano-particle was attributed to the mutual electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction between BBR and UDCA. Additionally, supramolecular nanoparticles were also characterized by sustained release and pH sensitivity. The acute UC model was induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in mice. It was found that supramolecular nanoparticles could effectively improve body mass reduction and colon shortening in mice with UC(P<0.001) and decrease disease activity index(DAI)(P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences between the supramolecular nanoparticles group and the mechanical mixture group(P<0.001, P<0.05). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6), and the results showed that supramolecular nanoparticles could reduce serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels(P<0.001) and exhibited an obvious difference with the mechanical mixture group(P<0.01, P<0.05). Flow cytometry indicated that supramolecular nanoparticles could reduce the recruitment of neutrophils in the lamina propria of the colon(P<0.05), which was significantly different from the mechanical mixture group(P<0.05). These findings suggested that as compared with the mechanical mixture, the supramolecular nanoparticles could effectively improve the symptoms of acute UC in mice. The study provides a new research idea for the poor absorption of small molecules and the unsatisfactory therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine and lays a foundation for the research on the nano-drug delivery system of traditional Chinese medicine.

Efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in treatment of moderate/severe plaque psoriasis: a systematic review / 药学实践与服务

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in the treatment of moderate/severe plaque psoriasis. Methods Literatures from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, VIP databases from the establishment time to January of 2022 were retrieved. The Review manager 5.3 statistical software was used to systematical review. Results 5 publications, 6 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, which involved 2308 participants. In terms of efficacy, patients in the experimental group were more than positive medicine control group in PASI 90, PASI 100, no significantly statistical difference in IGA 0 or 1 cases (P=0.05). PASI 90, PASI 100 and IGA 0 or 1 cases of patients in the experimental group were higher than that of the placebo group . In the safety evaluation, the incidence of adverse reaction in experimental group was higher than the placebo group (P=0.000 2), which was the same as the positive medicine control group (P=0.06). The experimental group was no statistical difference compared with positive medicine control and the placebo group in the incidence of serious adverse events including upper respiratory tract infection and nasopharyngitis (P>0.05). But the rate of oral candidiasis in experimental group was higher than the positive medicine control group (P<0.000 01) and the placebo group (P=0.005). Conclusion bimekizumab could treat moderate/severe plaque psoriasis effectively and safely, and the oral candidiasis during the treatment should be noticed.

Expression of proBDNF/p75NTR in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with sepsis and its impact on lymphocyte differentiation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's imbalanced response to infection.Due to lack of effective treatments,it has always been the difficulty and focus of clinical treatment of sepsis.Studies have shown that pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor(proBDNF)binds to the high-affinity total neurotrophic factor p75 neurotrophin receptor(p75NTR),which activates downstream signaling cascades and disrupts immunological inflammation and plays an important role in the progression of sepsis.This study aims to explore the expression changes of lymphocyte-derived proBDNF/p75NTR in patients with sepsis and its effect on lymphocyte differentiation. Methods:From the healthy donors(control group,n=40)and sepsis patients(sepsis group,n=40)admitted to the hospital for the first time,peripheral blood samples and blood routine clinical detection indicators were obtained.By using flow cytometry,the proportion of lymphocyte subsets and their expression of proBDNF/p75NTR were examined.The peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from the control group and incubated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Flow cytometry analysis technology was used to detect the expression of proBDNF/p75NTR on LPS-treated lymphocyte subsets.On this basis,we investigated the effects on lymphocyte differentiation by inhibiting p75NTR. Results:White blood cell count,neutrophil count,and neutrophil percentage of the patients in the sepsis group at admission were significantly higher than those in the control group;on the contrary,lymphocyte count and lymphocyte percentage in the sepsis group were lower than those in the control group(all P＜0.001).The patients in the sepsis group had considerably greater neutrophil/lymphocyte and monocyte/lymphocyte ratios than those in the control group(both P＜0.05).In the peripheral blood of sepsis patients,proBDNF expression was upregulated on CD19+ B cells,whereas p75NTR expression was elevated on B cells,CD4+ T cells,and CD8+ T cells(all P＜0.05).ProBDNF/p75NTR expression was upregulated by LPS stimulation in vitro in peripheral blood cells of the control group(P＜0.05),and this tendency was similar to the expression alterations in peripheral lymphocytes of the sepsis group.Inhibition of p75NTR increased CD4+ T cell and CD19+ B cell percentages,cytokine expression of IL-4 and IL-10,and reduced IL-1β and IL-6 production(all P＜0.05). Conclusion:The immunosuppressive state of sepsis patients is indicated by a reduction in lymphocyte count and an increase in the proportion of inactive neutrophils.ProBDNF/p75NTR expression is upregulated in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of sepsis patients,and p75NTR inhibition may control lymphocyte differentiation involved in sepsis progression.

Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Inhibiting Inflammatory Pain by Activating CB2 Receptor to Regulate Autophagy / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective In this study,we attempted to investigate whether Electroacupuncture(EA)could promote the autophagy function in macrophages of inflammatory skin tissues by activating CB2 receptor,thus relieving inflammatory pain induced by CFA in mice,and whether activation of CB2 receptor in NR8383 macrophages cell line can simulate the effect of EA on the autophagy function and mitochondrial damage.Methods Inflammatory pain model was induced by CFA injection into the planta the hind paw of wildtype and CB2 knockout mice.EA or sham EA was applied on the left Huantiao(GB30)and Yanglingquan(GB34)sites.Thermal hyperalgesia was determined with the Hargreaves test.Mechanical sensitivity was assessed with von Frey filaments.NR8383 microphage cell line was used to study the effect of CB2 activation on macrophage function induced by CFA.The expression level of autophagy protein LC3 and p62 in wildtype and CB2 knockout mice skin tissue and NR8383 cell line were determined by Western blot.And flow cytometry analysis was applied to detect damaged mitochondria and mitochondrial superoxide.Results CFA significantly reduced the thermal and mechanical pain threshold in both wildtype and CB2 knockout mice,comparing with the vehicle control groups(P<0.01).EA significantly inhibited thermal and mechanical hyperpathia induced by CFA in wildtype mice(P<0.05),but had no effect on CB2 knockout mice with CFA(P>0.05).CFA significantly increased the expression of p62 protein and decreased LC3-II/I ratio,which was inversed by EA in wildtype mice but wasn't affected by EA in CB2 knockout mice.CFA increased the expression of p62 protein and decreased LC3-II/I ratio in NR8383 cell line,which were inversed by CB2 agonist AM1241.CFA increased mitochondria damage,which were then attenuated by CB2 agonist AM1241.Conclusion The analgesic effect of EA on inflammatory pain induced by CFA was mediated by activation of CB2 receptor,which promoted the autophagy function and the clearance of damaged mitochondria in macrophage.

Characteristics and treatment of snow sports injuries in Zhangjiakou Zone of the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022 / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To characterize the injuries suffered by athletes in snow events other than alpine skiing in the Zhangjiakou Zone of the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022, in order to provide insights for prevention of sports injuries and preparation of large-scale winter sports events.Methods:The medical records were retrospectively collected of all athletes who had been treated at Beijing University Third Hospital Chongli within the closed loop of the Zhangjiakou Zone during the Winter Olympics and Paralympics (from November 21, 2021 to April 5, 2022). The incidence, severity and part of the injuries were analyzed, as well as the medical treatment process.Results:In the Zhangjiakou Zone, a total of 1,188 athletes participated in the Winter Olympic Games, with an injury incidence of 2.9% (34/1,188), while 420 ones participated in the Winter Paralympic Games, with an injury incidence of 1.7% (7/420). The average daily medical visits were the highest during the Winter Olympics phase (1.16 visits per day), and their emergency severity index (ESI) ranged from level 3 to level 4. The department of orthopedics was visited the most (92.7%, 38/41). Lower limb injuries accounted for the highest proportion (53.7%, 22/41), with the knee ones accounting for 36.6% (15/41) of all injuries. Most of the athletes with ESI level 3 received splint fixation (62.5%, 5/8), while those with ESI level 4 mostly received observation and follow-up (57.6%, 19/33). A total of 57 radiological examinations were performed in the 41 athletes. X-ray was used the most frequently on a single day (5.00 times) while magnetic resonance imaging was per day on average (0.16 times). The transfer time for the athletes injured was (27.4±8.8) min which was not influenced by the 4 weather conditions (cloudy, sunny, light snow, and cloudy) ( P=0.374). Conclusions:The incidence of injuries during the Beijing Winter Olympics in the Zhangjiakou Zone was lower than that in other areas of the Beijing Winter Olympics and in previous Winter Olympics. There were no serious life-threatening cases. The imaging examination resources and transfer speed in the Zhangjiakou Zone were able to meet the medical needs of athletes at all stages of the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics. Athletes should pay attention to protection of their lower limbs during skiing competitions.

Clinical value of arterial stiffness assessment on risk prediction of vascular stiffness in the octogenarian elderly / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: This study aimed to analyze clinical factors related to arterial stiffening and establish a risk prediction nomogram of arterial stiffening in the octogenarian(≥80 years). Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study, which enrolled the octogenarian elderly who underwent physical examination and secondary prevention intervention in the outpatient department of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from April 2022 to August 2022. Clinical data including demographics, biochemical indicators and medical history were collected. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was detected during the clinical visit. Participants were divided into the control group (baPWV≤1 800 cm/s) and vascular sclerosis group (baPWV>1 800 cm/s). The risk factors of arterial stiffness were analyzed by univariate and logistic regression analysis, and the nomogram model was constructed by R programming language. The predictive effect of the nomogram model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The median age of the 525 participants was 87.0 (82.0, 92.0) years, 504 (96.0%) were male, 82 in the control group, 443 in the vascular sclerosis group. The baPWV, age, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the control group than those in the vascular sclerosis group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and amylase were protective factors, and alkaline phosphatase and creatinine were risk factors of arterial stiffening (all P<0.05). The combined nomogram model scores including age, mean arterial pressure and the above five laboratory indicators indicated that mean arterial pressure and serum creatinine levels were strongly correlated with vascular sclerosis. The ROC curve suggested that the nomogram model had good prediction ability. Conclusions: Age, mean arterial pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase and creatinine are independently determinants for increased vascular stiffness. The combined prediction model in this study can provide reference for individualized clinical risk prediction of vascular sclerosis in the octogenarian elderly.

Clinical value of arterial stiffness assessment on risk prediction of vascular stiffness in the octogenarian elderly / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: This study aimed to analyze clinical factors related to arterial stiffening and establish a risk prediction nomogram of arterial stiffening in the octogenarian(≥80 years). Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study, which enrolled the octogenarian elderly who underwent physical examination and secondary prevention intervention in the outpatient department of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from April 2022 to August 2022. Clinical data including demographics, biochemical indicators and medical history were collected. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was detected during the clinical visit. Participants were divided into the control group (baPWV≤1 800 cm/s) and vascular sclerosis group (baPWV>1 800 cm/s). The risk factors of arterial stiffness were analyzed by univariate and logistic regression analysis, and the nomogram model was constructed by R programming language. The predictive effect of the nomogram model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The median age of the 525 participants was 87.0 (82.0, 92.0) years, 504 (96.0%) were male, 82 in the control group, 443 in the vascular sclerosis group. The baPWV, age, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the control group than those in the vascular sclerosis group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and amylase were protective factors, and alkaline phosphatase and creatinine were risk factors of arterial stiffening (all P<0.05). The combined nomogram model scores including age, mean arterial pressure and the above five laboratory indicators indicated that mean arterial pressure and serum creatinine levels were strongly correlated with vascular sclerosis. The ROC curve suggested that the nomogram model had good prediction ability. Conclusions: Age, mean arterial pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase and creatinine are independently determinants for increased vascular stiffness. The combined prediction model in this study can provide reference for individualized clinical risk prediction of vascular sclerosis in the octogenarian elderly.

Review of Zero-Profile anterior cervical interbody fusion cage in treatment of cervical degenerative diseases / 医疗卫生装备

The biomechanical stability of Zero-Profile anterior cervical interbody fusion cage(Zero-P)was introduced when used for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF),and the efficacy of Zero-P was reviewed for treating cervical dege-nerative diseases such as single-and two-segment,intersegmental and multisegmental spondylotic cervical spondylolisthesis.The advantages of Zero-P were described in reducing the incidence rates of postoperative dysphagia and adjacent segment degeneration,and the disadvantages and countermeasures were put forward.References were provided for enhancing the efficacy of Zero-P for treating cervical degenerative diseases.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(9):103-109]

Deferasirox for the treatment of iron overload in thalassemia ：a rapid health technology assessment / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To eval uate the effectiveness ，safety and economy of deferasir ox for the treatment of iron overload in thalassemia with rapid health technology assessment ，and to provide evidence-based basis for rational clinical use. METHODS Retrieved from Chinese and English database/website as PubMed ，Embase，Cochrane Library ，NHS EED ，CADTH，CNKI and Wanfang database ，health technology assessment （HTA），systematic evaluation/meta-analysis and pharmacological studies about deferasirox versus deferoxamine/deferiprone for the treatment of iron overload in thalassemia were collected from the inception to June 2021. Based on literature screening and data extraction ，the quality of literature about HTA reports ，systematic evaluation/ Meta-analysis and pharmacoeconomic research were evaluated with HTA checklist ，A Measurement Tool to As sess Systematic Reviews，standard scale of economic evaluation report. The effectiveness and safety results were described quantitatively ，and the economic evaluation results were described qualitatively. RESULTS One HTA report ，five systematic evaluation/meta-analysis and five pharmacoeconomic studies were selected from 1 569 literature. Included HTA reports ， systematic evaluation/meta-analysis，pharmacoeconomic studies were high in quality. Most studies reported that 30 mg/（kg·d） deferasirox was E-mail：aydgs@126.com better than deferoxamine in reducing the levels of s erum ferritin and liver iron overload ；ADR induced by deferasirox were mainly gastrointestinal irritation symptoms ，skin itching ，joint pain，transaminase elevation ，etc.，which generally did not affect subsequent treatment. There was no statistical significance in severe ADR between deferoxamine group and deferasirox group [RR ＝0.96，95％CI（0.85，1.08），P＝0.52]. Compared with deferoxamine，deferasirox had higher cost-effectiveness ；but deferasirox was less likely to be cost-effective than deferiprone. CONCLUSIONS Deferasirox has good effectiveness and safety for iron overload in thalassemia ，and has good economic advantages in Britain and Iran ，compared with deferoxamine.

Clinical efficacy and safety of ixazomib-based therapy in the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ixazomib-based therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) .Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the efficacy and adverse reactions of 53 RRMM patients treated with a combined regimen containing ixazomib in the Hematology Department of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from July 8, 2018 to November 30, 2020. Among them, 6 patients received ID regimen (ixazomib + dexamethasone) , 30 patients received ID regimen + immunomodulator, and 17 patients received ID regimen + other chemotherapy drugs.Results:Fifty-three patients with RRMM received ixazomib-based therapy. The median previous treatment line was 3, the median treatment course was 6 (2-30) , and the median follow-up time was 21 months (2-32 months) . The overall response rate (ORR) was 54.7% (29/53) after 2 courses of treatment. Among them, 26.4% (14/53) had very good partial response (VGPR) and 28.3% (15/53) had partial response (PR) . The ORR of the ID regimen group, ID regimen + immunomodulator group and ID regimen + other chemotherapy group were 83.3% (5/6) , 56.7% (17/30) and 41.2% (7/17) respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the three groups ( P=0.208) . The median time to progression (TTP) of 53 patients was 8 months (1-24 months) . The most frequent adverse events of ixazomib treatment were gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomit and diarrhea, with an incidence of 37.7% (20/53) , and the incidence of grade 3-4 was 5.7% (3/53) . The most common hematological adverse events were thrombocytopenia (15.1%, 8/53) , neutropenia (11.3%, 6/53) and anemia (9.4%, 5/53) . Grade 1-2 peripheral neurotoxicity occurred in only 7.5% (4/53) of patients. Conclusion:Ixazomib has good efficacy and safety for the patients with RRMM in the real world.

Clinical application of expanded internal mammary artery perforator flap combined with vascular supercharge in reconstruction of faciocervical scar / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical experience of expanded internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) flap combined with vascular supercharge in reconstruction of faciocervical scar. Methods: The retrospective observational study was conducted. From September 2012 to May 2021, 23 patients with postburn or posttraumatic faciocervical scars who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, including 18 males and 5 females, aged from 11 to 58 years, all of whom were reconstructed with expanded IMAP flaps. At the first stage, one or two skin and soft tissue expander (s) with appropriate rated capacity were implanted in the anterior chest area according to the location and size of the scars. The IMAP, thoracic branch of supraclavicular artery, and lateral thoracic artery were preserved during the operation. The skin and soft tissue expanders were inflated with normal saline after the operation. The flaps were transferred during the second stage. The dominant IMAP was determined preoperatively using color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) blood flow detector. The faciocervical scars were removed, forming wounds with areas of 9 cm×7 cm-28 cm×12 cm, and the perforators of superficial temporal artery and vein or facial artery and vein were preserved during the operation. The flaps were designed according to the area and size of the wounds after scar resection with the dominant IMAP as the pedicle. Single-pedicle IMAP flaps were used to repair small and medium-sized wounds. For larger defects, the blood perfusion areas of vessels in the anterior chest were evaluated by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). In situations where the IMAP was insufficient to nourish the entire flap, double-pedicle flaps were designed by using the thoracic branch of supraclavicular artery or lateral thoracic artery for supercharging. Pedicled or free flap transfer was selected according to the distance between the donor areas and recipient areas. After transplantation of flaps, ICGA was conducted again to evaluate blood perfusion of the flaps. The donor sites of flaps were all closed by suturing directly. Statistics were recorded, including the number, rated capacity, normal saline injection volume, and expansion period of skin and soft tissue expanders, the location of the dominant IMAP, the total number of the flaps used, the number of flaps with different types of vascular pedicles, the flap area, the flap survival after the second stage surgery, the occurrence of common complications in the donor and recipient areas, and the condition of follow-up. Results: Totally 25 skin and soft tissue expanders were used in this group of patients, with rated capacity of 200-500 mL, normal saline injection volume of 855-2 055 mL, and expansion period of 4-16 months. The dominant IMAP was detected in the second intercostal space (20 sides) or the third intercostal space (5 sides) before surgery. A total of 25 expanded flaps were excised, including 2 pedicled IMAP flaps, 11 free IMAP flaps, 4 pedicled thoracic branch of supraclavicular artery+free IMAP flaps, and 8 free IMAP+lateral thoracic artery flaps, with flap areas of 10 cm×8 cm-30 cm×14 cm. After the second stage surgery, tip necrosis of flaps in three patients occurred, which healed after routine dressing changes; one patient developed arterial embolism and local torsion on the vascular pedicle at the anastomosis of IMAP and facial artery, and the blood supply recovered after thrombectomy and vascular re-anastomosis. Fourteen patients underwent flap thinning surgery in 1 month to 6 months after the second stage surgery. The follow-up for 4 months to 9 years showed that all patients had improved appearances of flaps and functions of face and neck and linear scar in the donor sites of flaps, and one female patient had obvious nipple displacement and bilateral breast asymmetry. Conclusions: The expanded IMAP flap is matched in color and texture with that of the face and neck, and its incision causes little damage to the chest donor sites. When combined with vascular supercharge, a double-pedicle flap can be designed flexibly to further enhance the blood supply and expand the flap incision area, which is a good choice for reconstruction of large faciocervical scar.

SARS-CoV-2 with transcription regulatory sequence motif mutation poses a greater threat / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the mutations in transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs) of coronaviruss (CoV) to provide the basis for exploring the patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and outbreak.@*METHODS@#A combined evolutionary and molecular functional analysis of all sets of publicly available genomic data of viruses was performed.@*RESULTS@#A leader transcription regulatory sequence (TRS-L) usually comprises the first 60-70 nts of the 5' UTR in a CoV genome, and the body transcription regulatory sequences (TRS-Bs) are located immediately upstream of the genes other than ORF1a and 1b. In each CoV genome, the TRS-L and TRS-Bs share a specific consensus sequence, namely the TRS motif. Any changes of nucleotide residues in the TRS motifs are defined as TRS motif mutations. Mutations in the TRS-L or multiple TRS-Bs result in superattenuated variants. The spread of super-attenuated variants may cause an increase in asymptomatic or mild infections, prolonged incubation periods and a decreased detection rate of the viruses, thus posing new challenges to SARS-CoV-2 prevention and control. The super-attenuated variants also increase their possibility of long-term coexistence with humans. The Delta variant is significantly different from all the previous variants and may lead to a large-scale transmission. The Delta variant (B.1.617.2) with TRS motif mutation has already appeared and shown signs of spreading in Singapore, which, and even the Southeast Asia, may become the new epicenter of the next wave of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.@*CONCLUSION@#TRS motif mutation will occur in all variants of SARS-CoV-2 and may result in super-attenuated variants. Only super-attenuated variants with TRS motif mutations will eventually lose the abilities of cross-species transmission and causing outbreaks.

Comparison of percutaneous cannulated screw fixation and plating via minimally invasive longitudinal approach after closed reduction in treatment of intra-articular tongue-type calcaneal fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare percutaneous cannulated screw (PCS) fixation and plating via a minimally invasive longitudinal approach (MILA) after closed reduction for the treatment of intra-articular tongue-type calcaneal fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 67 patients with intra-articular tongue-type calcaneal fracture who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Peking University from May 2017 to May 2020. They were 56 males and 11 females, 19 to 58 years of age (average, 34.5 years). Of them, 32 were treated by the PCS fixation after closed reduction (PCS group) and 35 by the MILA plating after closed reduction (MILA group). The operation time, preoperative time, post-operative hospital stay, blood loss and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. The calcaneal length, width and height, Gissane angle, B?hler angle, varus angle, valgus angle and visual analog scale (VAS) were compared between the 2 groups at preoperation, immediate postoperation, 3 months postoperation, and the last follow-up. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score was used at 3 months postoperation and the last follow-up to evaluate the function of the injured hindfoot.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the PCS group and the MILA group, showing they were comparable ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for an average of 18.5 months (from 15 to 25 months). For the PCS group and the MILA group, respectively, the operation time was 60.5 (51.5, 68.0) min and 86.0 (78.0, 96.0) min, the blood loss 10 (5.0, 20.0) mL and 20 (15, 25) mL, the postoperative hospital stay 1 (1.0, 1.8) d and 2 (2, 3) d, the calcaneal width at immediate postoperation (43.8±4.4) mm and (40.6±2.8) mm, the calcaneal width at 3 months postoperation 43.8 (39.6, 48.3) mm and 41.5 (38.8, 44.5) mm, the calcaneal width at the last follow-up 44.2 (40.2, 48.0) mm and 41.3 (39.0, 44.3) mm, the VAS at the last follow-up 5.0 (5.0, 5.0) and 6.0 (5.0, 6.0). The comparisons of the above items showed significant differences between the 2 groups (all P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the calcaneal length or height, Gissane or B?hler angle, AOFAS hindfoot score, or complication rate (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In the treatment of tongue-type calcaneal fractures, after closed reduction, the PCS fixation can shorten operation time and postoperative hospital stay, and reduce intraoperative blood loss and postoperative pain, but the MILA plating is more advantageous in restoring the calcaneal width.

Protective Mechanism of Total Flavonoids of Lavender Against Skin Photoaging in Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the protective effect of total flavonoids of lavender on skin photoaging induced by ultraviolet B （UVB） in mice and to explore its mechanism from the perspective of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） antioxidant pathway. MethodEighty-four female KM mice were randomly divided into seven groups， namely blank group， model group， solvent group， vitamin E （0.013 g·kg-1） group， as well as low-， middle-， and high-dose （0.25， 1.25， 2.50 g·kg-1） groups of total flavonoids of lavender. The naked skin on the back of mice was irradiated with UVB for inducing optical damage. Thirty minutes before irradiation， the skin was coated with the total flavonoids of lavender. After continuous irradiation for one week， the skin moisture and elasticity on the back of mice were evaluated， and the effects of total flavonoids of lavender on histopathological changes in mouse skin were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Van Gieson （VG） staining. The levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）， nitric oxide synthase （NOS）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） after skin homogenization were detected by colorimetry， the inflammatory factors interleukin-1 （IL-1）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in skin tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， BTB-CNC homology 1 （Bach1）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1）， and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit （GCLC） by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group exhibited significantly increased appearance score （P<0.01）， reduced skin moisture and elasticity （P<0.01）， pronounced pathological changes in the skin tissue like epidermal thickening， scabbing， small abscess， and severe injury， elevated MDA， NOS， IL-1， IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lowered SOD， T-AOC， Nrf2， Keap1， NQO1 and GCLC mRNA expression （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and up-regulated Bach1 mRNA expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the total flavonoids of lavender at the low， middle， and high doses all remarkably reduced the appearance score （P<0.01）， enhanced the skin moisture and elasticity （P<0.01）， diminished the MDA， NOS， IL-1， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased SOD， T-AOC， Nrf2， Keap1， NQO1， HO-1 and GCLC mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and down-regulated the expression of Bach1 mRNA （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of the total flavonoids of lavender against skin photoaging in mice is significant， which may be related to its activation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway， regulation of oxidative stress， and improvement of inflammatory response.