Clinical application of Visual throat forceps in the removal of hypopharyngeal foreign body / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of using self-made visual throat forceps to remove hypopharyngeal foreign bodies. Methods:The throat forceps were combined with the endoscope and connected to a monitor via a data cable resulting in a visual throat forceps apparatus. This device was utilized to examine and treat the hypopharyngeal foreign bodies. Results:Among 53 patients, foreign bodies were detected in 51,with 48 cases involving hypopharyngeal foreign bodies. All were successfully extracted using the visual throat forceps. Three cases, diagnosed as esophageal foreign bodies by electronic gastroscopy, were treated using the same method. Conclusion:Visual throat forceps can be used to examine the hypopharynx and remove foreign bodies. It has the advantages of simple operation, rapid operation, and high success rate of foreign body removal from the hypopharynx. It is worthy of clinical application.

Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in laryngeal carcinoma and its clinical significance / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1) with clinicopathological characteristics in the patients with laryngeal carcinoma.Methods The expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in 45 samples of laryngeal carcinoma tissue(laryngeal carcinoma group) and 37 samples of vocal cord polyp tissues(polyp group) were detected by using the immunohistochemical method.Then the relationship between PD-1 and PD-L1 with clinicopathological characteristics in the patients with laryngeal carcinoma was analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the laryngeal carcinoma group were 57.78％ and 66.67 ％ respectively.PD-1,PD-L1 mainly located in cytoplasm or cell membrane of laryngeal carcinoma cells or interstitial lymphocyte.The positive expression rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the polyp group were 8.11％ and 13.51％ respectively.The positive expression rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the laryngeal carcinoma group were significantly higher than those in the polyp group(P＜0.01).The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in laryngeal carcinoma tissue had a correlation.The positive expression rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the laryngeal carcinoma tissue of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than those of stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P＜0.05).The positive expression rates of PD-1 and PD-L1 in highly differentiated laryngeal carcinoma tissue were significantly higher than those in moderately and lowly differentiated carcinoma tissue(P＜0.05).Conclusion PD-1 and PD-L1 play an important role in the occurrence and development of laryngeal carcinoma.The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 is closely correlated to the clinical stage and differentiation degree of laryngeal carcinoma.