RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate a) heart place and tail length, b) their correlations with other biometrics, c) sexual differences in those features, in regard to cardiovascular system in a number of snakes from Iran, about which there is little information. Methods: We studied the fresh mortalities of snakes including 14 Naja oxiana (N. oxiana), 23 Macrovipera lebetina, and one male Montivipera latifii acquired from the Serpentatium of Pasteur Institute of Iran. In this respect, each specimen first was weighted, and then its ventral side of the integument was incised, and heart place was measured. Subsequently, other biometrical features such as total length, TAL, and snout-vent length were measured. Results: The results showed that heart place in N. oxiana, Macrovipera lebetina and Montivipera latifii was about 18%, 32% and 30%, and also TAL constituted about 16%, 11% and 7% of total body length, respectively. Moreover, females indicated anterior heart place and shorter tail than males. Furthermore, the measures and correlations indicated few differences between N. oxiana and typical terrestrial species. Conclusions: The results denoted that in order to overcome hemocirculatory perturbations in vertical orientation while hooding and head raising behavior, N. oxiana need to have more important features than short heart to head distance and long tail. In addition, it gave the sexual differences in heart place and tail length between males and females. It is suggested that in ophidian cardiovascular studies the animals be grouped based upon their sex.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate a) heart place and tail length, b) their correlations with other biometrics, c) sexual differences in those features, in regard to cardiovascular system in a number of snakes from Iran, about which there is little information.@*METHODS@#We studied the fresh mortalities of snakes including 14 Naja oxiana (N. oxiana), 23 Macrovipera lebetina, and one male Montivipera latifii acquired from the Serpentatium of Pasteur Institute of Iran. In this respect, each specimen first was weighted, and then its ventral side of the integument was incised, and heart place was measured. Subsequently, other biometrical features such as total length, TAL, and snout-vent length were measured.@*RESULTS@#The results showed that heart place in N. oxiana, Macrovipera lebetina and Montivipera latifii was about 18%, 32% and 30%, and also TAL constituted about 16%, 11% and 7% of total body length, respectively. Moreover, females indicated anterior heart place and shorter tail than males. Furthermore, the measures and correlations indicated few differences between N. oxiana and typical terrestrial species.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results denoted that in order to overcome hemocirculatory perturbations in vertical orientation while hooding and head raising behavior, N. oxiana need to have more important features than short heart to head distance and long tail. In addition, it gave the sexual differences in heart place and tail length between males and females. It is suggested that in ophidian cardiovascular studies the animals be grouped based upon their sex.
RESUMO
Introduction: With the advent of information technology and expansion of medical resources, physicians face problems in search and retrieval of medical information. A need for a medical liberian to assist them to increase their skills and hence improve the clinical services rendered to patients is greatly felt. The purpose of the study was to identify and determine physicians' viewpoints concerning the medical Liberians role in providing the service at Alzahra Medical center
Method: This survey was an analytical, applied and cross sectional study in which data were collected by means of a questionnaire. The population were 212 doctors in Alzahra Hospital. 137 physicians were randomly selected on the basis of Morgan Table. Content validity was determined by the experts, and reliability of the questionnaire were measured by chronbach's alpha [Cronbach Alpha was 0.74]. Finally data were analyzed by SPSS18, using descriptive and inferential statistics [nonparametric tests using Man-Whithney, one-way analysis of variance,Kolmogorov - Smirnov, Kendall correlation coefficients]
Results: 60.3% of the participants mentioned lack of time as an obstacle in accessing the new information. 52.5 % acknowledged the need to help them search the information. There was no significant difference between male and female participants and work experience in regards with the need to medical librarians in Al Zahra Hospital. There was no significant difference between their familiarities with databases with need to the need to medical librarians in Al Zahra Hospital
Conclusion: On the basis of the findings of the study, trained medical liberians to provide assistance in the search of medical sources is needed as physicians do not have sufficient time to meet their needs to information