The Value of Spiral Chest Computed Tomography Scan in the Diagnosis of Asymptomatic Coronavirus Carriers among Paranasal Sinus and Pharynx Surgery Candidates

Abstract Introduction The nasopharynx and oropharynx are the main colonization sites of coronavirus. Therefore, patients with paranasal sinuses and pharyngeal problems (ear, nose, and throat [ENT] patients) predispose coronavirus infection. Ear, nose, and throat patients with concomitant asymptomatic coronavirus infection may develop severe pneumonia following surgical procedures. As a result, presurgical screening for coronavirus infection is a substantial concern. Objective We evaluated the usefulness of a spiral chest computed tomography (CT) scan in the diagnosis of asymptomatic coronavirus infection in the presurgical assessment of ENT patients Methods In this study, candidates of paranasal sinus or pharyngeal surgery were evaluated for coronavirus infection. Patients with neither history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) nor compatible symptoms and signs were screened for asymptomatic coronavirus infection. These patients composed two groups: the first group underwent a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of nasopharyngeal sample and spiral chest CTscan, but for the second one, only the latter was performed. Results In the first group, which consisted of 106 patients, 11 (10.4%) cases had positive RT-PCR test results, and 17 (16%) patients showed positive findings in favor of coronavirus infection in the spiral chest CT scan. In the second group, which consisted of 173 patients, 34 (19.7%) cases had positive chest CT scan results. Conclusion The chest CT scan has a valuable role in the early diagnosis of asymptomatic coronavirus carriers in patients highly predisposed to infection, especially in low resource areas, where the RT-PCR test is unavailable.

Perfusion Computed Tomography Scan Imaging in Differentiation of Benign from Malignant Parotid Lesions

Abstract Introduction The most common site of salivary gland tumors is the parotid gland. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and sonography are imaging modalities to differentiate benign from malignant parotid tumors. Objective The aim of this study is the evaluation of the diagnostic value of perfusion CT for differentiating histological categorization of benign and malignant parotid tumors. Methods A total of 29 patients with parotid neoplasms were enrolled in this study. Mean age and all CT perfusion variables (gradient and permeability, blood flow[BF], blood volume [BV], mean transit time [MTT], permeability surface [PS], maximum intensity projection [MIP], time-density curve [TDC], and time to peak [TTP]) were compared among three groups (malignant tumors [MTs],Warthin's tumor [WT] and pleomorphic adenomas [PA]). Results The mean age of the patients was 55.9±14.1 (26-77), and 15 of them were male (51.7%). Eleven lesions were PAs [37.9%], 8 lesions were WTs (27.6%0 and 10 lesions (34.5%) were MTs (6 acinic cell carcinomas [ACCs], 3 adenocystic carcinomas [AdCCs], and 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma [MEC]). The mean age of the patients with WTs was 62±7.5 years; 52±14.2 for patients with Pas, and 55.2±17.2 for those with MTs (p=0.32). The mean MIP was 122.7±12.2 in WT, while it was 80.5±19.5 in PA, and 76.2±27.1 in MTs (p<0.001); The mean MIP for WT was higher than for PAs and MTs; the values of MTs and PAs were not statistically different. The average of BF, BV, and curve peak were higher inWTs in comparison with the other two groups, and curve time 2 and TTP were higher in PAs in comparison with MTs. Conclusion Based on this study, perfusion CT of the parotid gland and its parameters can distinguish between benign and malignant parotid masses.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Patellofemoral Pain in an Automobile Manufacturing Factory

@#Introduction: Patellofemoral Pain (PFP) in workers is a common musculoskeletal problem that has a significant financial impact on industrial companies. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PFP, its demographic, occupational, and psychosocial risk factors, and the association of genu varum with PFP. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, simple random sampling was used to select 1570 male workers in a large Iranian automobile manufacturing company. Demographic, occupational, and psychosocial data were collected through self-report questions. There were also questions about any occurrence of PFP during the past year. The medial tibial intercondylar distance was measured, and a distance of more than 60 mm was defined as genu varum. Results: The prevalence of PFP occurrence in the past year was 34.9%, and the prevalence of genu varum was 14%. The prevalence of PFP occurrence in the past year was associated with salary (P<0.001), the job satisfaction (P<0.001), duration of standing per day (P<0.001), duration of walking per day (P=0.042), carrying loads (P<0.001), getting physical exercise (P<0.001), and genu varum (P<0.001). Age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), work duration, and having a second job were not associated with PFP. There was an association between job satisfaction and having a non-sedentary job. Logistic regression revealed job satisfaction, duration of standing, and genu varum as predictors of PFP. Conclusion: The prevalence of PFP was high in this automobile manufacturing company workers. This was the first study of the prevalence of genu varum and its association with PFP in Iran. The results show an association between genu varum and PFP. However, according to the results of this study and similar studies in other countries, further investigations of PFP and its risk factors are a necessity.

3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a powerful diagnostic modality for assessment of thyroid nodules

ABSTRACT Objective: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for structural studies of chemical compounds and biomolecules and also documented promising findings as a potential imaging technology in thyroid oncology. This prospective study was to ascertain the clinical significance of 3 Tesla MRS in the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules (TNs) as an ancillary diagnostic technique for thyroid carcinoma. Materials and methods: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T at echo- times (TEs) 136 and 270 ms was carried out on 15 patients with total number of 32 TNs larger than 1 cm3, which all were surgically resected. Choline (Chol) to creatine (Cr) ratio was assessed at 136 and 270 TEs on each nodule and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine optimal cut-off point. The findings were compared with histopathology of thyroid specimens. Results: There were 23 benign and 9 malignant lesions (7 papillary and 2 follicular thyroid carcinomas). The mean values of Chol/Cr at 136 and 270 TEs was 2.28 ± 3.65 and 1.52 ± 1.67 respectively and the difference between benign and malignant nodules was only significant at 136 TEs. The study revealed that Chol/ Cr ratio cut-off point of 2.5 best correlates with histopathology results (sensitivity = 75%; specificity = 100%; PPV = 100%; NPV= 92%). Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy might be a specific modality for the evaluation of thyroid nodules in differentiation of benign from malignant thyroid tissue. However, a larger series would give much greater confidence that this state-of-the-art technology will worth pursuing in clinical practice.

Characterization of the "a" determinant region of the hepatitis B virus genome in Iranian patients at different clinical phases of chronic infection

Aim: To determine the distribution of important mutations of the "a" determinant region in the HBV genome among patients in different clinical phases of HBV infection

Background: Variations in Hepatitis B infection not only change the outcome of the disease but also the symptoms from which the chronic HBV patients are suffering

Methods: We have meticulously selected a total of 40 chronic HBV patients from four different subclasses of chronic HBV clinical phases including immune tolerant [IT], immune active [IA], inactive carrier [1C] and hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]-negative [ENEG]; 10 samples per each phase. Mutations of the [a] determinant region were identified using PCR-Direct sequencing method

Results: 17 amino-acid substitutions at 12 positions inside the [a] determinant were identified in all forty samples; 3 mutations in the IT group, 6 mutations in the IA phase, 3 mutations in the 1C patients and 5 mutations in the ENEG phase. Different substitutions were observed in all four clinical phases. The IA phase was the most variant group with the highest number of amino-acid substitutions

Conclusion: These results did not reveal a strong pattern to distinguish different clinical phases of Chronic HBV infection, but there are some obvious differences regarding the number and position of mutations between these four clinical phases

Detection of Parvovirus 4 in Iranian patients with HBV, HCV, HIV mono-infection, HIV and HCV co-infection

Aim: In this study, we investigated the prevalence of PARV4 virus among the healthy population and four other groups of HBV infected, HCV infected, HIV infected and HIV/HCV co-infected individuals in Iran

Background: Parvovirus 4 [PARV4] was first discovered in 2005, in a hepatitis B virus-infected injecting drug user [IDU]. To date, the best evidence about PARV4 transmission is parenteral roots which comes from IDU individuals. It seems that the prevalence of the virus in the normal population is very low

Methods: A total of 613 patients, including chronic HCV [n=103], HBV [n=193], HIV [n=180] infected individuals, HIV/HCV [n=34] co-infected patients and 103 healthy controls, were studied by using nested-PCR and also real-time PCR techniques

Results: Of those 180 samples were positive for HIV RNA, co-infection of PARV4 was detected in 3 cases [1.66%]. All these three patients were male with the age of 28, 32 and 36 years [mean: 32]. No statistical differences were found between HIV positive group and the healthy individuals. [P>0.05] The result of PARV4 PCR was negative in all other samples and healthy controls as well

Conclusion: This study is the first to investigate the occurrence of PARV4 among these groups in Iran. The results show, that the virus is not significant in Iranian population, even in patients with blood born infections such as HCV, HBV or even HIV patients. Further studies in other areas and various groups are required

Genetic association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in Interleukin-16 [rs4072111] and susceptibility to chronic HCV infection in an Iranian population

Aim: Our goal was to identify the putative association of rs4072111 variant in IL-16 gene and HCV susceptibility in an Iranian population

Background: Interleukin 16 [IL-16], a multifunctional cytokine, plays a vital role in modulation of immune system

Methods: In present case control and cross sectional study, IL-16 gene variant in 300 patients with hepatitis C [HCV] infection and 300 healthy individuals were analyzed. To evaluate this possible association, genomic DNA from venous blood was extracted and genotypes of IL-16 rs4072111 variant were determined by polymerase chain reaction- Fragments Length Polymorphism Technique [PCR-RFLP]. Then, rs4072111 C/T genotypes frequency and allelic distribution were evaluated in each group

Results: The results of genotyping showed 82% CC, 17.3% CT, 0.7% TT in the control group and 78% CC, 20% CT and 2% TT in the case group. The distribution of rs4072111 C allele was 90.7% in controls and 88% in case group respectively. However, no correlation between IL-16 rs4072111 C/T variants and susceptibility to chronic HCV infection was found in the present study

Conclusion: We concluded the rs4072111 C/T cannot be considered as a proper biomarker to identify susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Reproductive biology of Sodhiana iranica (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Southern Iran / Biología reproductiva del cangrejo de agua dulce Sodhiana iranica (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) del sur de Irán

Abstract:Freshwater crab, Sodhiana iranica, is an endemic gecarcinucid crab that has been recently reported from Southern Iran. This research examined some reproductive aspects of S. iranica from Eelood freshwater spring, Southern Iran. Crabs were haphazardly sampled from April 2012 to April 2013, on a bimonthly basis. Measurements of Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI), Hepato-Somatic Index (HSI), oocyte diameter, and other aspects such as carapace width (CW) and total body weight (TW) were made in the captured specimens. Results showed a single seasonal reproductive cycle. Maturation and spawning occurred from December 2012 to April 2013 during the study period. The peaks of HSI were observed in April 2012 and February 2013. The oocyte diameter showed its most significant increase between August 2012 and February 2013. Considering the single seasonal breeding of S. iranica, a correct management, during the reproductive cycle, is necessary to support a healthy stock of this crab. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (1): 365-373. Epub 2017 March 01.

ResumenEl cangrejo agua dulce Sodhiana iranica es un cangrejo gecarcinucido que ha sido recientemente encontrado en el sur de Irán. Este trabajo examina algunos aspectos de la reproducción del cangrejo de agua dulce S. Iranica en el manantial Eelood del sur de Irán. Los cangrejos se muestrearon al azar entre abril 2012 y abril 2013 cada dos meses. Las mediciones del índice gonadosomático, el hepatosomático (HSI), el diámetro de los ovocitos y las observaciones de las etapas de maduración de los especímenes capturados, revelaron un único ciclo reproductivo estacional. La maduración y el desove se produjeron entre Diciembre 2012 y Abril 2013. El pico del índice hepatosomático se observó en Abril 2012 y Febrero 2013, respectivamente, y resultó más significativo el incremento en la media del diámetro de los ovocitos, que se produjo entre Agosto 2012 y Febrero 2013. En este estudio, se encontró que S. iranica se reproduce una vez al año estacionalmente. Por lo anterior, la gestión correcta durante el ciclo reproductivo de esta especie es necesaria para mantener la naturaleza y salud del stock de cangrejo.

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome: case report

Papillon-Lefevre syndrome [PLS] is a rare genodermatosis of autosomal recessive inheritance manifesting as palmoplantar hyperkeratosis with periodontitis. A 4-year old Iranian girl was referred to the Mazandaran University Hospital, Sari complaining of well-demarcated, psoriasiform, yellowish, keratotic plaques over the skin of her palms and soles with transgrediens. For cutaneous lesions, she was treated with oral acitretin 0.5 mg/kg/day and topical keratolytic 5% salicylic acid in combination with 10% urea

Isolation, differentiation, and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow

Aim: We describe the minimum requirements and a simplified method for isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs] from human bone marrow

Background: MSCs are well known adult stem cells present in many tissues such as adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and neurons. Many isolations and characterization methods have emerged to apply MSCs in the clinical applications, which many of them are expensive and time-consuming

Methods: MSC isolation was carried out from human bone marrow, and cultured in defined medium. Cultures were maintained at 370C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 for 48h. The medium was exchanged every 3-4 days. Adherent cells were characterized according to main criteria defined by ISCT, such as differentiation capability to adipocyte and osteoblast using specific differentiation mediums; also, flow cytometry verified MSC specific markers

Results: Isolated MSCs had a fibroblastic-like appearance with adherent property to the culture plate. Differentiation function was proved with the formation of lipid drops and calcium oxalates on the differentiated MSCs and finally, purified MSCs from bone marrow were positive for cell surface markers, CD73, CD90, and CD105 while being negative for CD34 and CD45

Conclusion: These findings confirm that the represented method is capable of isolating MSCs from bone marrow with proven results according to all minimum criteria defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy [ISCT]

assessment of picture archiving and communication system based on canadian infoway PACS opinion survey in teaching hospitals of Shiraz university of medical sciences

Introduction: Today the use of information technology in accordance with the rapid environmental changes and flexibility acquisition is necessary and unavoidable. Picture Archiving and Communication System [PACS] is one of the medical information technology used in health facilities. PACS provides the images archive and transmission possibility electronically in different units of the teaching and treatment centers. This study aimed to assess the PACS system in teaching hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences based on a survey of Canadian Infoway

Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 53 individuals selected through Two-Stage Stratified Random Sampling. The study population consisted of 156 PACS users in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences hospitals which were equipped with the PACS system in 2015. Data were collected by the valid and reliable customized questionnaire of Canadian Infoway. The reliability was measured by a pilot study on 25 PACS users; Cronbach's Alpha was estimated 0.78. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18. Also, frequency, mean, standard deviation were used

Results: The results are presented in three sections: environment [Background Variables], benefits and challenges of PACS. As to the system availability, 20.8% of the users in the clinic, 75.5% in the diagnostic imaging department, only 3.8% in offices had access to the PACS. As to system accessibility, 49.1% of the users just had access to tests, 5.7% only to the reports, and 45.3% to both reports and tests. With respect to benefits of PACS, the mean was 4.16 [SD: 0.5] [five-point scale 1-5] estimated, and in challenges, the mean was 3.48[SD: 0.5] [five-point scale 1-5]

Conclusion: The results showed that although PACS could eliminate many restrictions concerning the use of radiology images and films, there were challenges in this regard. Users are recommended to have access to PACS in all clinics, physicians' offices, and diagnostic imaging department. The majority of users agreed with the PACS benefits. Adequate management measures must be taken to maximize the benefits derived from this system and the utilization of information in order to improve the quality of care. Adequate training and elimination of the deficiencies could affect the use of this system and improvement in the health care services

Endoscopic findings in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding referred to Taleghani hospital, Tehran, Iran

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding [UGIB] remains a common medical problem worldwide. It is an emergency medical condition, which may require hospital admission. UGIB also increases the risk of morbidity, and mortality and uses health care resources. The aim of this study was to determine the endoscopic findings and their frequencies in patients with UGIB with regard to age in Tehran's Taleghani Hospital

Materials and Methods: The medical records and endoscopy reports of 990 patients, who underwent endoscopy for UGIB in Tehran's Taleghani Hospital over a period of 2 years from 2010 to 2012, were retrospectively analyzed

Results: A total of 990 patients consisted of 594 [60%] men and 396 [40%] women had endoscopy for UGIB. Mean [+/-SD] age of the patients was 54 [+/-17.2] years. The commonest [45.5%] cause of UGIB was peptic ulcer disease, which included; duodenal ulcer [26.4%], gastric ulcer [19.1%], followed by esophageal and gastric varices [19.5%]. Malignant conditions [cancers] contributed to 14.7%, which included gastric cancer [7.2%], esophageal cancer [5.5%], and duodenal cancer [2%]. Other less frequent causes of UGIB were esophageal ulcer [6.7%], erosive gastritis [6.3%], Mallory-Weiss syndrome [5.4%], and Dieulafoy's lesion [1.2%]. Normal endoscopic findings were recorded in 0.7% of the patients with UGIB.

Conclusion: Peptic ulcer diseases are the commonest cause of UGIB followed by esophageal and gastric varices

comparison of maternal and child health indicators before and after the family physician program in Shiraz, from 2001 to 2012

Background: One of the aims of the family physician program [FPP] is to improve the maternal and child health indicators. This study aimed to comparison maternal and child health indicators in Shiraz rural areas before and after implementation of FPP during 2001 to 2012

Methods: This applicable study was conducted in Shiraz in the south west of Iran in 2014. The child and maternal health indicators before [2001 to 2005] and after FPP [from 2006 to 2012] were gathered from the Health Center [Enghelab and Shohadaye Valfajr]. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire consisted of 20 maternal and child health indicators. Descriptive statistics was used and for analyzing the data, Excel and Stata software and comparisons of rates and joint point regression tests were employed

Results: the results showed that The FPP lead to decrease in stillbirth, infant mortality and child under one-year mortality in the rural area. Also all the vital horoscope indicator [mortality under one month, mortality under one year, the frequency of the infants under one year, the percentage of stillbirths, crude death percentage, crude birth percentage, general fertility percentage, total fertility percentage] have improved after FPP in Health Center rather than Enghelab Health Center

Conclusion: the maternal and child health indicators had improvement after FPP implementation. Therefore, it is recommended to continue the program

Evaluation of the users' continuous intention to use PACS Based on the expectation confirmation model in teaching hospitals of Shiraz University of medical sciences

Introduction: Users' behavioral intention to use the Picture Archiving and Communication System [PACS] is important in the systems' success and is an indicator of the users' satisfaction with commitment and dependence on information systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the users' continuous intention to use PACS based on the expectation confirmation model in educational hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nemazee and Shahid Faghihi hospitals, Shiraz, Iran in 2014. The subjects were 50 general practitioners, residents and specialists selected through stratified random sampling. The study data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire items was confirmed by five experts in health information management. To evaluate the accuracy of relationships among the measurement models, reliability criteria, including Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability, convergent and divergent validity were used which showed acceptable reliability and validity. The data were entered into Smart PLS software, version 3.1.9 and analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling [SEM] by using Partial Least Squares [PLS] approach

Results: The results showed appropriate fitness of reliability indices [Cronbach's alpha >0.7, composite reliability >0.7, loading >0.7], validity indices [AVE >0.5], structural model [redundancy =0.395, Q2CI=0.364, f2H5=0.524, R2CI=0.687], and the total model [GoF=0.518]. Moreover, all the research hypotheses, except H1 [the relationship between expectation confirmation and perceived usefulness] with T-value of <1.96, showed a significant relationship [T-value >1.96]

Conclusion: Expectation confirmation, perceived usefulness, and satisfaction were effective in continuous intention to use PACS. Thus, these factors should be considered by designers, developers, and managers while designing and implementing information systems to guarantee their success and improve the quality of health services

Obesity, Serum Resistin and Leptin Levels Linked to Coronary Artery Disease / Obesidade, Soro Resistina e Níveis de Leptina Ligados à Doença Arterial Coronariana

Abstract Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated that adipocytokines play an important role in developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The aim of study was to evaluate the relationship between serum resistin and leptin levels with obesity and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the levels of serum resistin and leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile and cardiac enzyme tests (AST, CPK, LDH, CK-MB) in 40 CAD patients compared to 40 healthy controls. Anthropometric measurements including weight and height for calculating of body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were performed for evaluation of obesity. Results: CAD patients had increased levels of leptin and CRP, (p < 0.001), cholesterol (p < 0.05), triglyceride (p < 0.01), and WC (p < 0.05) compared to healthy controls. There was no statistical difference between CAD and control subjects for resistin (p = 0.058). In a multiple regression analysis, only an association between serum leptin with BMI (β = 0.480, p < 0.05) and WC (β = 1.386, p < 0.05) was found. Conclusions: The findings suggest that leptin is a better marker of fat mass value than resistin and may be considered an independent risk factor for cardiac disorders that is largely dependent on obesity. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.

Resumo Fundamento: Estudos clínicos demonstraram que adipocitocinas têm papel importante no desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares ateroscleróticas. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre níveis de leptina e resistina em soro com obesidade e doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Métodos: Em estudo transversal, avaliamos os níveis de resistina e leptina em soro, proteína C-reativa (CPR), perfil lipídico e testes de enzimas cardíacas (AST, CPK, LDH, CK-MB) em quarenta pacientes com DAC comparados a 40 controles saudáveis. Para avaliação de obesidade, foram feitas as medições antropométricas, incluindo peso e altura para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência da cintura (CC). Resultados: Pacientes com DAC apresentaram aumento nos níveis de leptina e CPR, (p < 0,001), colesterol (p < 0,05), triglicérides (p < 0,01) e CC (p < 0,05) em comparação aos controles. Não houve diferença significativa entre DAC e controles com relação à resistina (p = 0,058). Na análise de regressão múltipla, foi encontrada apenas uma associação entre leptina em soro ao IMC (β = 0,480, p < 0,05) e CC (β = 1,386, p < 0,05). Conclusões: Os achados sugerem que a leptina é melhor marcadora de valor de massa gorda do que a resistina, e pode ser considerada um fator de risco, dependente da obesidade, independente para distúrbios cardíacos. Contudo, outros estudos prospectivos serão necessários para a confirmação desses resultados.

[Evaluation of the association between interleukin28B gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis C virus infection]

Background: It has been shown by recent studies that there is a significant association between genetic polymorphisms near the regulatory of IL28B gene and response to treatment in viral diseases such as hepatitis C. However, genetic factors involving in infection progression to chronic diseases have not been determined yet. In this study, the association of these IL28B polymorphisms with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection has been analyzed

Materials and methods: In this case- control study, 110 patients infected with chronic hepatitis C and 110 healthy individuals were studied. The fragments covering rs8099917 and rs12979860 were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction [PCR] method and genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism digestion [RFLP] method using NmuCI and BstUIendonuleases enzymes

Results: Results showed that rs12979860CC genotype were the most frequent which followed by CT and TT. However, rs8099917TT was the dominant genotype. Allele frequencies were included: Rs8099917 T=72.3%, G=27.7% and rs12979860 C=69.5%, T=30.5% at patients and rs8099917 T=80%, G=20% and rs12979860 C=73.2%, T=26.8% at control group

Conclusion: The Results showed that T allele is more prevalent than G at rs12979860 polymorphism and the frequency of C allele is higher than T at rs8099917 position. However, rs809917TT and rs12979860 CC genotypes are the most common genotypes among patients population with chronic hepatitis C

Burden of gastrointestinal cancers and problem of the incomplete information; how to make up the data?

Cancer registration is an important source for measuring the burden of cancer in a population. In practice, however, quite frequently incorrect patients are registered or data items can be inaccurately recorded or not recorded at all. Also the process or quality of these registrations varies among countries. In this paper, we briefly discussed some statistical techniques including; Mortality and Incidence Analysis Model [MIAMOD], Prevalence and Incidence Analysis Model [PIAMOD], Bayesian Inference and Capture-recapture methods, which provide tools to re-correct the incomplete or misclassified cancer statistics with regards to gastrointestinal cancers

Iranian adolescents with physical-motor disabilities: needs and problems in education and employment

Objectives: The needs and problems of students with physical-motor disabilities should be properly identified in order to solve them

The main purpose of this research was to determine the needs and problems of Iranian male students with physical-motor disabilities in the education and employment dimensions

Methods: This was a descriptive study. All the male students with physical-motor disabilities were selected from the special high schools of Tehran, Iran, in the year 2013-14 as a statistical research community

Of all, only 150 male students with physical-motor disabilities were chosen by convenience sampling method. An edited version of the questionnaire from a previous study on the needs and problems of girls and women was used for this study

Results: According to our results, the main needs of the students in the employment dimension include transportation services, specific training courses, and quotas for employment However, the main problems in the employment dimension include displacement and transportation problems, and lack of policy enforcement. Similarly, the priority needs in the education dimension include community education and professional training, whereas the priority problems include displacement and transportation problems

Discussion: The results of this study indicated a variety of problems and needs of the Iranian students with physical-motor disabilities, indicating the requirement of planning and policies to address them