Orbital Apex Syndrome – A Case Report

Orbital apex syndrome is characterized by vision loss and ophthalmoplegia due to the involvement of the orbital apex. The signs and symptoms vary depending upon the involvement of the structures within the orbital apex, the superior orbital fissure or the cavernous sinus. Clinical evaluation is the key to the diagnosis which is aided by neuro-imaging modalities including brain and orbital Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography scans. In rare instances, a biopsy may be needed to aid in diagnosis. Treatment depends on what the nature of the lesion.

A Rare Case of Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy after Appendicectomy

Ischemic optic neuropathy is classified into anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy depending upon the part of optic nerve involved. In anterior optic neuropathy, optic nerve head is involved and in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy(PION) retrobulbar portion is involved. There is sudden loss of vision in both the entities but there are optic disc changes in anterior optic neuropathy while in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy optic disc is normal initially. Etiologically, posterior ischemic optic neuropathy is divided into non arteritic non-surgical, arteritic and perioperative non arteritic posterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Lens Subluxation Following Trivial Trauma

Trauma is the main cause of subluxation or dislocation of the lens followed by ocular surgery and spontaneous dislocation due to hypermature cataract. Other causes are Marfan’s, Homocystinuria, Ehler Danlos syndrome and pseudoexfoliation. We report a case of dislocated lens by a trivial trauma with a wooden stick which was left unattended unless patient noticed decreased vision in that eye.