A Clinical Study on Efficacy of Jivaniya Ghritapana in Shushkakshipaka (Dry Eye Syndrome)

Dry eye syndrome is a disease commonly seen in all age groups with a greater ration in elderly population. Large scale studies have determined that increasing age, female sex, and Asian race are all associated with higher DED prevalence. Their occurs tear deficiency and ocular surface disorders, which produces symptoms like discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability. Clinically and etymologically, similar entity to Dry eye syndrome is Shushkakshipaka. In modern ophthalmology, conventional approach for Dry eye syndrome is lubricating eye drops which are not satisfactory. Ayurveda has a holistic approach to deal with this problem. This clinical study was done to evaluate the effect of Jivaniya Ghritapana in Shushkakshipaka (dry eye syndrome). An open clinical trial for 10 patients was planned. They were presenting with clinical features of Shushkakshipaka (Dry Eye Syndrome). Snehapana was done in all patients with Jivaniya Ghrita. Results: On assessing the selected criteria, significant results were found in subjective parameters like Rukshta (feeling of dryness), Gharshana (gritty sensation), Daruna vartmakshi (hardness of eyelids), Karachaunmilana (difficulty in opening and closing of eyes), Daha (burning sensation) & intolerance to light. Significant result was found in all objective parameters. Conclusion: Thus we can conclude that, for successful treatment Shushkakshipaka (Dry Eye Syndrome), Snehapana can be advised in such patients.

Analytical Study Of Yashtayadi Lepa In Vidalaka Karma

Lepa is considered as an important and initial Chikitsa in reference with Vranashotha chikitsa described by Acharya Sushruta and when the Lepa is applied around the outer surface of eyes it is termed as Vidalaka. Vidalaka a type of Kriyakalpa therapy which is mainly indicated in acute inflammatory conditions of eyes such as Daha (burning sensation), Updeha (discharge), Ashru (watering) Shopha (swelling) and Raga (redness). Different formulations are given in classic texts for eye diseases and one among them is Yashtayadi lepa mentioned by Acharya Sharangadhara in Sharangadhara Samhita. It is described as Sarvanetrarujahara Yoga and consists Yastimadhu, Gairika, Saindhav, Daruharidra and Rasanjana as its main ingredients. Yashtyadi lepa was prepared as per the guidelines given for Lepa in API (Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India) and analyzed using various standard physico-chemical parameters given for Lepa such as Loss on drying, Ash value, Water extract value, Alcohol extract value and pH. There is no standard guidelines is given for pharmaceutical analysis for Yastyadi Lepa in API. With this background the present study was undertaken to find pharmacognostical and physicochemical qualities of Lepa as recommended in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) and to use them as reference for future studies on Yashtyadi Lepa for different ocular diseases.

Risk-adjusted analysis of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy using POSSUM and P-POSSUM score: a prospective study

Background: Comparison of operative morbidity rates after emergency laparotomy between units may be misleading because it does not take into account the physiological variables of patients' conditions. Surgical risk scores have been created, and the most commonly used is the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality (POSSUM) or one of its modifications, the Portsmouth-POSSUM (P-POSSUM), usually requires intraoperative information. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the POSSUM and P-POSSUM scores in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Methodology: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, and hospital-based study that was conducted at J.L.N. Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, from April 2017 to December 2017. Adult patients who presented at the causality and underwent emergency laparotomy were included in the study. Observed and predicted mortality and morbidity were calculated using POSSUM and P-POSSUM equations, and statistical significance was calculated using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 42.83 ± 18.21 years. The observed (O) mortality was 12 (12.0%), while POSSUM predicted 40 (40%) and P-POSSUM 27 (27%). The O/E ratio for POSSUM was 0.29 and for P-POSSUM was 0.44, and this means that they both overestimate mortality. When the results were tested by Chi-square test, the P value was found to be 0.55 and 0.85 for POSSUM and P-POSSUM, respectively, which showed no significant correlation for observed and expected mortality. The observed morbidity was 69 (69%), while POSSUM expected morbidity was 79 (79%), O/E ratio is 0.87, and this again overestimates the morbidity. POSSUM is overpredicting the rate of morbidity, and test of correlation showed no significance with P = 0.75. Conclusion: POSSUM and P-POSSUM were found to overestimate mortality and morbidity in our patient's population

Irreversible Thyrotoxic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Case Reports and Review of Literature.

Irreversible dilated cardiomyopathy due to thyrotoxicosis is a rare clinical entity. We report two cases, one who presented with congestive cardiac failure and other presented with severe left ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. Both cases were diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction <30%) due to thyrotoxicosis. Inspite of vigorous medical therapy, there was only symptomatic improvement. Restoration of euthyroid levels did not revert the cardiomyopathy but led to definite clinical improvement.

Genetic assessment of serological and biochemical markers in Bharia tribe of Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh.

BACKGROUND: The present sero-genetic study is the first of its kind to present the baseline data of Bharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh. The main aim of this study is to provide phenotype and allele-frequency data to characterize the population genetically and to fill the void on the genetic map of Madhya Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this, blood samples from 92 unrelated healthy individuals of Bharia tribe from Chhindwara district (Tamia block) were collected. Hemolysates prepared were analyzed for two serological (A1A2BO and Rh) and six biochemical (adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase locus 1, acid phosphatase locus 1, phosphoglucomutase locus 1, esterase D and glucosephosphate isomerase) parameters, following the standard electrophoretic techniques. RESULTS: The Chi-square test for goodness of fit revealed no significant deviation between the observed and expected numbers in any of the seven genetic markers, suggesting that the tribe is in genetic equilibrium. A high incidence of B allele in A1A2BO blood group and low incidence of the A1 allele, with presence of A2 in only one individual, and a low frequency of Rh(D) (Rh negative allele) was observed in serological markers. Also, no rare variant was observed for biochemical markers. CONCLUSION: Principal Component Analysis done in order to detect the genetic affinity of Bharia tribe with other populations from the adjoining states of Madhya Pradesh based on the allele frequencies, showed a close association of Bharia with Gujarat and Rajasthan. Hence, this study has been helpful in revealing the genetic structure and affinity of Bharia tribe.