The Long?Forgotten Technique of Pin Retained Restoration ? A Case Report

To restore severely damaged teeth to the greatest state for health, function, and aesthetics continues to be a challenge for all practising dental surgeons. A pin retained restoration is an intricate restoration involving the insertion of one or more pins into the dentin to provide sufficient resistance and retention. These pins help in anchoring dental amalgam or composite to the tooth structure. This auxiliary retentive means help in the restoration of mutilated teeth in young individuals whose pulp chambers are relatively large and the dentinal tubules are comparatively immature. This case study sheds insights on the successful rehabilitation of a severely damaged premolar tooth with pins and composite resin restoration.

Evaluation of simple International ovarian tumor analysis ultra sound rules in differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian tumors and their histopathological correlation

Background: IOTA (International ovarian tumor analysis) study is considered one of the largest studies on ultrasound diagnosis of ovarian pathology conducted in literature till date. It was started in 1999 and included nine European countries. It is a standardized technique for preoperative classification of ovarian pathology defined by IOTA group.Methods: A retrospective study was analyzed from a period of January 2016 to December 2017 (2-year period). The records of all the patients operated for benign and malignant ovarian pathology in the gynae department of hospital were retrieved from medical record sections. USG findings were redefined as per IOTA simple rules by sonologist and its histopathological correlation was done using kappa statistical method.Results: In the present study, out of 61 patients IOTA was applicable to 57 patients. The sensitivity where IOTA simple rules were applicable was 92.8% and the specificity was 93%. The accuracy turned out to be 92.9%. If inconclusive results were taken as malignant then sensitivity increased to 94% and specificity decreased to 87%. Good level of agreement was found between sonological and histopathological findings with Kappa statistics application (K = 0.59).Conclusions: The IOTA simple rules can be considered as an important diagnostic modality in differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian tumors, it has an added advantage of abolishing the subjectivity of routine ultrasound. However inconclusive results demand further expertise in the field and need to be taken care of before interpretation of ovarian pathologies.

Pharmacognostic characterization of Myrica esculenta leaves

Background: Myrica esculenta (Family: Myricaceae) commonly known as Kaiphala or Katphala is a widelyused medicinal plant in Ayurveda. In spite of its numerous medicinal attributes, no published work isavailable till date on pharmacognostical characterization and HPTLC analysis of its leaves.Objectives: To investigate the pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and HPTLC profiles of M. esculentaleaves.Materials and methods: The measures taken for pharmacognostical characterization were organolepticstudy, macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy, leaf constant, fluorescence analysis, preliminaryphytochemical screening and HPTLC spectra profile.Results: Organoleptic and macroscopic studies found that leaves are lancoelate, thin, spirally arranged,dark green in color, with an astringent taste and acute apex. In transverse section, cuticularisedepidermis having polygonal cells were found. Mesophyll cells were differentiated into single layeredpalisade cells on each surface and 2e3 layered spongy parenchyma, unicellular and uniseriate hollowtrichomes, anomocytic stomata and bowl shaped vascular bundle in mid rib portion containing xylemand phloem tissues. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds and tanninswere found present. Analysis on the leaf constants, powder microscopy, fluorescence characteristics andphysical parameters resulted a valuable data to establish standards for the plant. HPTLC profile providesnumber of constituents present in the extracts with their respective Retention Factor (Rf).Conclusion: Present report on pharmacognostical characterization and HPTLC analysis of M. esculentaleaves provides a vital diagnostic tool for identification, authentication and development of quality parameters of the species. Data obtained by present study may be considered as standard for future studies.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Successful clinical management of atrophic flabby ridge with liquid supported prosthesis: a case report

Severely resorbed ridges with flabby mucosa often poses great challenge for Prosthodontist in providing a complete denture which is functionally acceptable and causes minimal trauma to the underlying tissues. Liquid supported denture can be a permanent solution in edentulous patients with diabetes, xerostomia and atrophied ridge. Liquid-supported dentures will have optimal stress distribution during masticatory function.he aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different lengths of time of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in removing calcium hydroxide (CH) paste from root canal, using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS).

Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Guduchyadi Kwatha for Instant Use: An Ayurvedic Herbal Formulation.

Introduction: Kwatha (decoction) preparations are one among commonest practiced Ayurvedic dosage forms, which are highly effective, but they are to be used when freshly prepared due to short shelf life (i.e. 1/2- 1 day), and they are often overlooked due to the preparation method and palatability. In present study, Guduchyadi Kwatha, a known Ayurvedic formulation used in Jwara (~pyrexia), was converted into a different dosage form for instant use by Rasakriya method (to convert into semi solid state), to make it easy to dispense, increase the shelf life, make it palatable, for dose fixation, etc. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate physico-chemical profile of fresh Guduchyadi Kwatha (GKF) and Guduchyadi Kwatha for instant use (GKI). Materials and Methods: Five batches of GKI and GKF were prepared and findings were systematically recorded. Organoleptic evaluation (Hedonic scale method) Physicochemical parameters (Loss on drying, Ash value, Acid insoluble ash, pH, Total solid content, Specific gravity, Water and Methanol soluble extractive, solubility and dissolution rate tests), High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile, and microbial over load were carried out. Results and Conclusion: Comparative organoleptic screening of GKF and GKI showed no major differences in color and smell. In GKF, pH value, total solid content, specific gravity, and surface tension were found as 6.0, 95.14%, 1.009 w/w and 27.19 dynes/cm respectively. In finished product (GKI), pH value, loss on drying, Ash value, water soluble and alcohol soluble extractives were obtained as 6.16, 1.93% w/w, 7.90% w/w, 63.69% w/w and 37.29% w/w respectively. No microbial overload was detected in the sample.

Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Natural Modulators of Dairy Products.

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are considered as natural bio-thickeners abundantly used in dairy and fermented food industries for quality improvement. In fermentation based dairy industries, researchers are seeking their attention on substitution of artificial food stabilizers with naturals by exploring EPS, especially for improving the rheology of fermented food products. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) being a starter player for fermented food products are believed to be as one of the best natural producers of EPS. These EPS are basically sugar residues, secreted by microbes in their surrounding environment but their in-vitro production is not economical due to the media and processing costs involved. The process of production is also complex due to the involvement of various enzymes and regulatory proteins. With modernization in dairy sector, our understanding towards EPS needs improvement. The review focuses on a brief explanation on the behavior and functionality of EPS from lactic acid bacteria.

Esthetic Rehabilation of Anterior Teeth Using Ceramic Veneers : A Case Report.

Ceramic laminate are a predictable treatment option for esthetic anterior restorations. This restorative modality can be offered as the treatment option in a wide variety of different cases such as correcting tooth defects, abrasion, orthodontics, diastema, tooth discoloration, coronal fracture or to adjust occlusion. Due to its color and optical properties, ceramic represents the material of choice when a high level of esthetics is required. This article reports the management of a case in which ceramic veneer used to achieve the desired esthetic results.

Seasonal variations in physicochemical profi les of Guduchi Satva (starchy substance from Tinospora cordifolia [Willd.] Miers).

Guduchi Satva (GS), the starchy material extracted from the Guduchi stem is well-known Ayurvedic single drug formulation having a wide range of therapeutic utility. Species of the plant, stem size, collection time, season and maturity of the plant may affect the yield and physico-chemical profi le of GS. However, published data on such variations is lacking. Considering this, present study is planned to screen seasonal variations in physico-chemical profi le of GS. 18 batches of GS were prepared in six different seasons (3 batches in each season) and fi ndings were systematically recorded. The obtained Satva was further subjected to relevant physico-chemical parameters. Principal component analysis method was adopted to analyze variations. Maximum yield of Satva was obtained in Shishira Ritu (January-February) while the minimum in Grishma (May-June). Variation in taste and color was found in Satva prepared in Varsha Ritu. All functional groups were found to be same in each season. Total alkaloidal contents found bit higher in Varsha and Vasanta. More residual x-variance in alcohol soluble extract and more leverage were observed in water soluble extract due to impact of seasonal spells.

Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Raw Milk Samples of Cow, Goat, Sheep, Camel and Buffalo with Special Elucidation to Lactic Acid Production.

Aims: Selective enumeration, isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from different raw milk sources with special elucidation to lactic acid production. Study Design: Serial dilution for strain isolation from raw milk samples to be done followed by complete morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization aiming to study the microbial behavior to ferment different sugar and producing lactic acid as end product. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Biotechnology Laboratory, Tropilite Foods Pvt. Ltd. Gwalior (M.P)-INDIA from Sep 2012 to April 2013. Methodology: Milk samples from cow, sheep, goat, camel and buffalo were collected from the surrounding area of Gwalior district of Madhya Pradesh, India, from local milk suppliers. 13 potent strains in terms of lactic acid production were selected for analysis. Gram Staining, Catalase activity, Sugar fermentation, growth at high (45ºC) and low (10ºC) temperatures along with growth in different NaCl concentrations was observed with all isolates. Significant molecular characterization was done to determine the homology between different isolates of lactic acid bacteria. Results and Conclusion: Five potent lactic acid bacteria strains Streptococcus thermophilus from goat milk, Lactococcus lactis from buffalo milk, Streptococcus gallolyticus from camel milk, Streptococcus thermophilus from cow milk, Lactobacillus delbrueckii from sheep milk were identified capable of producing lactic acid in generous amount. Also all isolated strains from goat milk were found efficient in terms of lactic acid production when compared to other raw milk sources.

Gymnema sylvestre: An Alternative Therapeutic Agent for Management of Diabetes.

Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) also known as ‘gurmar’ or ‘sugar destroyer’ is a woody, climbing traditional medicinal herb which has many therapeutic applications in Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is used for lowering serum cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose level (hypoglycemic or antihyperglycemic), hypolipidaemic, weight loss, stomach ailments, constipation, water retention and liver diseases, either high or low blood pressure, tachycardia or arrhythmias, and used as aperitive, purgative, in eye troubles, antiinflammatory, smooth muscle relaxant, prevention of dental caries, cataract and as anticancer-cytotoxic agent. Its flowers, leaves, and fruits contains alkaloids, flavones, saponins, sapogenins, anthraquinones, hentri-acontane, pentatriacontane, α and β-chlorophylls, phytin, resins, d-quercitol, tartaric acid, formic acid, butyric acid, lupeol, β-amyrin related glycosides and stigmasterol having main principle bioactive compunds viz. gymnemic acids, gymnemasides, gymnemagenin, gurmarin, gymnemosides, gymnemanol, gymnemasins, gypenoside, and conduritol which act as therapeutic agent and play vital role in many therapeutic applications. Gymnemic acids are thought to be responsible for its antidiabetic activity and it is the major component of an extract shown to stimulate insulin release from the pancreas. Another anti-sweet agent gumarin is utilized as a pharmacological tool in the study of sweet-taste transduction. The commercial exploitation of this plant and their secondary metabolites are some of the major prospective of this rare medicinal herb. The focus of the present review is to achieve the potential of therapeutic value of this herb and mechanism and action of their secondary metabolites.

Influence of anti-filarial chemotherapy strategies on the genetic structure of Wuchereria bancrofti populations

Lymphatic filarial (LF) parasites have been under anti-filarial drug pressure for more than half a century. Currently, annual mass drug administration (MDA) of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin in combination with albendazole (ALB) have been used globally to eliminate LF. Long-term chemotherapies exert significant pressure on the genetic structure of parasitic populations. We investigated the genetic variation among 210 Wuchereria bancrofti populations that were under three different chemotherapy strategies, namely MDA with DEC alone (group I, n = 74), MDA with DEC and ALB (group II, n = 60) and selective therapy (ST) with DEC (group III, n = 34) to understand the impact of these three drug regimens on the parasite genetic structure. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles were generated for the three groups of parasite populations; the gene diversity, gene flow and genetic distance values were determined and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Analysis of these parameters indicated that parasite populations under ST with a standard dose of DEC (group III) were genetically more diverse (0.2660) than parasite populations under MDA with DEC alone (group I, H = 0.2197) or with DEC + ALB (group II, H = 0.2317). These results indicate that the MDA may reduce the genetic diversity of W. bancrofti populations when compared to the genetic diversity of parasite populations under ST.

Retinopathy of prematurity--risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: Improved survival of low birth weight, premature babies have increased the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity. This hospital-based, prospective, study was undertaken to determine its incidence and risk factors in our neonatal unit. METHODS: Neonates with gestational age < or = 35 weeks and/or birth weight < or = 1500 gm born over a one-year period were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy between 2 to 4 weeks after birth, and followed up till retinal vascularisation was complete. Maternal and neonatal risk factors were noted and data analyzed by statistical package SPSS-10.0. RESULTS: Sixty babies were thus examined. The incidence of retinopathy was 21.7% in the cohort, 33.3% in babies < or = 32 weeks gestation and 36.4% in babies weighing < or = 1250 gm. Oxygen (p=0.01), sepsis (p=0.04) and apnoea (p=0.02) were independent risk factors. Retinopathy was significantly more severe in babies with hyaline membrane disease (p=0.02) and lower birth weight (p=0.02). Severe disease was never seen before 6.5 weeks of age. CONCLUSION: Indirect ophthalmoscopy should be performed at 4 weeks of post natal age in all preterm babies with birth weight < or = 1500 gm, and intensified in the presence of risk factors like oxygen administration, apnoea and septicemia.

Unnatural deaths in northern India a profile.

A ten-year retrospective study was carried out on the cases of unnatural deaths subjected to medicolegal autopsies from 1994 to 2003. The main objectives of the study were: a) To ascertain the various aspects of unnatural deaths, b) To analyze the probable reasons for the same & c) To find remedial measures to bring down the incidence. The incidence of unnatural deaths was found to be persistently increasing. Maximum number of such deaths 1342 (47%) belonged to the age group of 21 - 30 years. Male: female ratio was 2.2: 1. Rural population was more prone to poisoning whereas the urban became victim of road-traffic accidents. Males preferred poisoning and hanging whereas females preferred self-immolation (burns) to end their awn lives. Suggestions relating to road safety, decreasing the stress of the modem mechanical life-style, educating the public in general and regarding the availability, use and storage of poisonous substances in particular have been put forward, while highlighting the social evil of dowry system prevailing in India.

Odontogenic myxoma of the mandible: a case report.

A case of myxoma of mandible in a 23 years old female patient is described. The case was treated with enbloc resection and bone graft from iliac crest. No recurrence is reported after 4 years follow up.