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Background: Knee injuries related to organised sports and physical training related activities are a major component of injuries sustained by armed forces personnel. Knee instability caused by meniscal and ligamentous injuries cause varying degree of disabilities to the trained soldier and have a serious implication on the battle preparedness of the armed forces. MRI of the knee being a non-invasive modality is being increasingly used in pre and post op evaluation of patients in such cases.Methods: A prospective observational study comprising of 161 patients of knee injuries sustained due to sports and physical training related activities was carried out. MRI and arthroscopic examination of the knee was done, and various statistical tests were performed to evaluate the accuracy of MRI in comparison to arthroscopy.Results: ACL tears were seen in 122 patients (75.5%), PCL tears were seen in 67 patients (41.6%), while medial and lateral meniscus tears were noted in 93 (57.7%) and 50 (31%) patients respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in detecting ACL tear, PCL tear and medial meniscus injury ranged from 84% - 90.5% and for lateral meniscus it was 72.92% to 86.73 %. The accuracy of MRI in detecting the tear of ACL, PCL and menisci ranged from 82.61% to 89.97%.Conclusions: The accuracy of MRI in detection of meniscal and ACL tears is very high. Pre-operative MRI in conjunction with adequate history and physical examination can help the clinician to make an accurate diagnosis and can help reduce unnecessary arthrosopic surgeries.
RESUMO
Aims: Stability indicating simultaneous equation method for determination of Domperidone and Esomeprazole Magnesium in capsule dosage form using UVSpectrophotometry. Study Design: A new simultaneous equation method was developed and validated for the determination of esomeprazole magnesium and domperidone in capsule dosage form. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Invertis Institute of Pharmacy, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh during July 2012 to June 2013. Methodology: Simultaneous equation method was performed for estimation of dosage form and degradants. Results: The maximum wavelength (λmax) was found to be 299 nm for esomeprazole magnesium and 287 nm for domperidone. The linearity range was found to be 1-6 μg ml-1 (r2= 0.998) and 5-30 μg ml-1 (r2= 0.999) for esomeprazole magnesium and domperidone, respectively. The value of limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.116 and 0.386 μgml-1 for esomeprazole magnesium and 0.657 and 2.18 μgml-1 for domperidone, respectively. Forced degradations were carried out under acid, base, thermal, photolytic and oxidative stress conditions. The method was satisfactorily validated as per the ICH guideline. Conclusion: This study shows that the proposed spectrophotometric method is useful for the routine determination of esomeprazole magnesium and domperidone in its combined pharmaceutical dosage form.