Awareness about rabies and health seeking behavior among animal bite victims attending a tertiary care hospital of Jharkhand

Background: Rabies is an acute fatal disease of central nervous system, caused by Lyssavirus Type 1. Rabies in dogs is the source of 99% of human infection. Awareness about rabies and health seeking behavior are crucial determinants of rabies control. Present study was done to assess awareness regarding animal bite and health seeking behavior among affected population.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in central emergency department of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand for a period of four months. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Sample size was 114 using consecutive sampling method. The participants were interviewed after taking informed consent. Data collected were entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: A total of 114 subjects participated in the study of which 83 (72.8%) were male and 31 (27.2%) female. Most commonly affected age group found was 21-30 years (35.1%). Majority 101 (88.6%) of them resided in urban areas, and only 79 (69.3%) acquired secondary education and above. Most of the animal bite was caused by dogs 102 (89.5%), unprovoked 79 (69.3%) in nature and most common site involved lower limb 70 (61.4%). Majority 68 (59.6%) of the dog bite wound were of category II. Only 55 (48.2%) of animal bite victims washed their wound with soap and water. Majority 58 (50.9%) of the study participants had no knowledge about consequences of dog bite. Median reporting time to tertiary institute was found to be four hours.Conclusions: There was average level of awareness about rabies among animal bite victims attending RIMS, Ranchi

Morphometric Study Of Foramen Magnum Of Skull In Population Of Uttar Pradesh

Background: Foramen Magnum (FM) is a latin word meaning the largest aperture in the base of the skull. It is ovaland wider behind, with the greatest diameter (dm) being antero-posterior (AP). The major vital neuroanatomicpasses through this largest foramen. Many authors have classified FM depending upon its shapes.Objectives: To determine the morphometric parameters of Foramen MagnumMaterials and Methods: The study was conducted on 71 dry human skulls of unknown sex and measured itsAntero-Posterior, Transverse, Right Oblique and Left Oblique diameters with the help of digital caliper.Result: The dormancy of Oval shaped Foramen Magnum was found in this study. The range of Antero-posteriorand Transverse diameter falls between 30.22-40.9 mm and 22.67-33.36 mm respectively. The range of Rightoblique and Left Oblique diameter was found in between 20.84-35.52 mm and 28.88-35.47 mm respectively.Conclusion: The present study will useful not only for anatomists but also in neurosurgery. As the nomenclatureof the opening in the occipital bone at the base of the skull and bounded by Oval and Rounded on visualizationsupported by Antero-Posterior and Transverse diameter of the opening.

Simulation Analysis for Non-invasive Measurement for Hemodynamics in Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Types.

The Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation (CAVM) is a complex neurovascular malformation. It contains different types of complex nidus structures combinations. Each CAVM classification is of different clinical procedure and management of disease. The clinical procedure to measure hemodynamics for each CAVM classification is risky, due to complex vessel geometry may get ruptured. In this paper, we address this problem for different AVM classification and nidus complex structures combinations, by measuring hemodynamics non-invasively. The simulation of model is extended for organs other than Cerebral AVM, such as spine and lungs. The modeling results are validated with mechanical measurements. 15 CAVM patients and 20 simulated scenarios of different AVM types are studied to measure hemodynamic indices non-invasively.

Assessment of Sahiyya (Accredited Social Health Activist) in relation to antenatal services: Ormanjhi, Ranchi, Jharkhand.

Background: Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) acts as a „bridge‟ between the rural people and health service outlets and would play a central role, in achieving national health and population policy goals. In Jharkhand ASHA is known as “Sahiyya”. The present study was aimed to assess Sahiyyas in relation to antenatal services delivered by her in the field practice area Ormanjhi of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi. Methods: This was a community based cross sectional study. All Sahiyyas (26), women having children under 3 years of age (196), pregnant women (140), Anganwadi workers (AWWs) (16) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) (6) from the study area were recruited for the study. Assessment of antenatal services delivered by Sahiyyas was done based on interview with Sahiyyas which was then crosschecked through the responses of beneficiaries, AWWs and ANM. Results: All Sahiyyas in the study area were aware about her job responsibilities like help during registration and mobilization during pregnancy but when cross checked, 70.2% and 60.9% beneficiaries received help during registration and mobilization. Out of 336 beneficiaries, only 23.2% and 19.9% responded that were counselled by Sahiyyas on nutrition and adequate rest during pregnancy during their home visits. Conclusions: Sahiyyas were well aware of her responsibilities related to antenatal services like counselling mothers on diet, rest and other health advices through home visits but these jobs were not being done passionately by her as other incentive oriented jobs.

comparative study of the effect of parentral and oral glutamine on biochemical parameters and on the duration of ICU stay in critically ill patients

To study the comparative effects of parenteral and oral glutamine therapy on biochemical parameters and reduction in the hospital stay of critically ill patients. Randomized controlled trial. 120 critically ill patients aged 16-60 years admitted to Trauma Ventilatory Unit, Trauma centre King George Medical University, Lucknow. The patients were randomly divided into 3 equal groups, 40 in each group: Group A [control group] received no glutamine; Group B received oral glutamine 20 g/d for 5 days and Group C received l-alanyl-l-glutamine dipeptide 0.3 g/kg/d by intravenous infusion for 5 days. Complete blood count was done at regular intervals of 24 hours. Total proteins and serum albumin were recorded at 5 day intervals. Single blinding was done. The total leukocyte counts [TLC] levels in all the three groups increased after the treatment and the observed increase was least evident in Group C [18.7%], followed by Group B [32.5%] and it was the highest in Group A [38.2%]. A similar observation was made for CRP and lymphocyte levels in all of the three groups. However, a significant decrease was found in total protein and albumin levels. The mean duration of hospital stay of Group C was the least followed by Group B and Group A. Parenteral glutamine in a dose of 0.3 g/kg/d was more efficacious than 20 g/d oral glutamine in increasing/decreasing in the biochemical parameters after the therapy. The duration of hospital stay was similar in all the groups after treatment

Enhanced functional and structural domain assignments using remote similarity detection procedures for proteins encoded in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.

The sequencing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv genome has facilitated deeper insights into the biology of MTB, yet the functions of many MTB proteins are unknown. We have used sensitive profile-based search procedures to assign functional and structural domains to infer functions of gene products encoded in MTB. These domain assignments have been made using a compendium of sequence and structural domain families. Functions are predicted for 78 % of the encoded gene products. For 69 % of these, functions can be inferred by domain assignments. The functions for the rest are deduced from their homology to proteins of known function. Superfamily relationships between families of unknown and known structures have increased structural information by approximately 11%. Remote similarity detection methods have enabled domain assignments for 1325 'hypothetical proteins'. The most populated families in MTB are involved in lipid metabolism, entry and survival of the bacillus in host. Interestingly, for 353 proteins, which we refer to as MTB-specific, no homologues have been identified. Numerous, previously unannotated, hypothetical proteins have been assigned domains and some of these could perhaps be the possible chemotherapeutic targets. MTB-specific proteins might include factors responsible for virulence. Importantly, these assignments could be valuable for experimental endeavors. The detailed results are publicly available at http://hodgkin.mbu.iisc.ernet.in/~dots.