Association of single Nucleotide Missence Polymorphism Val109Asp of Omentin-1 gene and coronary artery disease in Pakistani population: Multicenter study

Background and Objective: Coronary artery disease [CAD] is a most important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide as well as in Pakistan. Recent studies have shown that the combination of obesity, insulin resistance and fluctuation in circulating adipocytokines levels is associated with the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Omentin-1 is recently found adipocytokine that is highly expressed in visceral adipose tissue. It has anti- inflammatory properties and is negatively correlated with ischemic heart disease. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between omentin-1 Val109Asp polymorphism and CAD in Pakistani population

Methods: A total of 350 subjects were included in the study. Two hundred fifty were diagnosed witd coronary artery disease while 100 served as healthy controls. PCR-RFLP was performed at Dr. AQ. Khan Institute of Biotechnology [KIBGE] to analyze Val109Asp polymorphism. In this, case control study SPSS software version 16 [Chicago, IL, USA] was used for data analysis. Continuous variables and categorical variables were presented as mean+/-SD or in percentage. Independent sample test and chi-square test was performed to compare the differences in means between cases and controls. Genotype distribution was analyzed by chi-square test and results were presented as percentage and frequency. MultivariWe regression analysis indicated that Val109Asp SNP might be an independent risk factor for CAD susceptibility after adjustment for some well- known CAD risk factors including age, gender, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and lipid abnormalities. There was estimation of odd ratios [OR] and 951 confidence intervals [CIs] to determine the correlation between genotypes and the risk of CAD. [p> 0.05], Genotype frequencies were compared by Chi-square test

Results: There was prevalence of Omentin-1 Val109Asp polymorphism in both case and control groups, However, Val/Asp [heterozygous mutant] genotype was detected more frequently in patients with CAD, OR[95%]=1.921; Cl=1.173-3.1469 in comparison of Asp/Asp and Val/Val genotypes

Conclusion: Individuals having Val/Asp heterozygous gemotype of omentin-1 gene polymorphism are at more risk of developing CAD in Pakistani population, further studies are required in different populations and ethnicities to confirm our findings

Prevalence of periodontal disease in Gadap region Karachi

Periodontal disease is the most common infectious disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth. If untreated it may result in tooth loss. The prevalence and severity is higher in low - income groups, probably because of the higher percentage of gingivitis and periodontitis. Oral health condition, especially periodontal disease is an excessive burden on the people of Pakistan. However oral diseases are preventable and an inadequate application of preventive measures and inappropriate oral health care delivery systems have resulted in ineffective control of these problems. This present study comprised of 536 patients both males and females belongings to Gadap region; were examined at Dept. of Periodontology, Baqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University, Karachi. A history form was filled by students of 3rd year of dentistry under supervision of a supervisor. An intra oral examination was done on each patient and the data was collected. High number of chronic gingivitis patients were observed in 10-30 years age group. The male to female ratio shows that male patients are the highest in all age group. The number of patients suffering from chronic gingivitis was 331, which was the highest among all disease group. Persistent presence of periodontal disease represents a risk factor for periodontal disease and may ultimately lead to tooth loss. Proper oral hygiene practices can prevent both gingivitis and advanced periodontal disease. All intervention programs leading to improve oral hygiene results in improvement in periodontal disease and will reduce the risk of future tooth loss