Effects of polysorbates on stability of monoclonal antibody drugs / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To evaluate the effects of various polysorbates(PS)on the stability of different types of monoclonal antibody(mAb)drugs.Methods Three types of monoclonal antibodies mAbA(IgG1 proantibody drug),mAbB(IgG1 mAb)and mAbC(IgG1 mAb with Fc N297A mutation)were used as model proteins,and different kinds or contents of PS were added into the mAb formulations respectively to investigate the influencing factors.The effects of PS on the stability of mAb drugs were evaluated comprehensively by detecting the changes of quality attributes,such as protein aggregates and insoluble particles.Results PS20 and PS80 showed no significant difference in inhibiting the formation of aggregates and charge variants in the three mAbs(P>0.05),while the addition of PS80 in mAbB and PS20 in mAbC significantly inhibited the increase of insoluble particles respectively(P<0.05);The content of PS20 showed a significant effect on the detection indexes of charge variants and insoluble particles in mAbC(P<0.05).Conclusion Different types of mAbs have different sensitivities to various kinds and contents of PS.Therefore,when designing the formulation of mAbs,it is necessary to select appropriate kinds and contents of PS to further improve the stability of mAb drugs.

Thirteen new peptaibols with antimicrobial activities from Trichoderma sp / 中国天然药物

From the fungus Trichoderma sp., we isolated seven novel 18-residue peptaibols, neoatroviridins E-K (1-7), and six new 14-residue peptaibols, harzianins NPDG J-O (8-13). Additionally, four previously characterized 18-residue peptaibols neoatroviridins A-D (14-17) were also identified. The structural configurations of the newly identified peptaibols (1-13) were determined by comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS/MS) data. Their absolute configurations were further determined using Marfey's method. Notably, compounds 12 and 13 represent the first 14-residue peptaibols containing an acidic amino acid residue. In antimicrobial assessments, all 18-residue peptaibols (1-7, 14-17) exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus 209P, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 8-32 μg·mL-1. Moreover, compound 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effect on Candida albicans FIM709, with a MIC value of 16 μg·mL-1.

Effect and influence factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children with congenital heart disease in pediatric intensive care unit / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who had undergone cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in China. Methods: From November 2017 to October 2018, this retrospective multi-center study was conducted in 11 hospitals in China. It contained data from 281 cases who had undergone CPR and all of the subjects were divided into CHD group and non-CHD group. The general condition, duration of CPR, epinephrine doses during resuscitation, recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), discharge survival rate and pediatric cerebral performance category in viable children at discharge were compared. According to whether malignant arrhythmia is the direct cause of cardiopulmonary arrest or not, children in CHD and non-CHD groups were divided into 2 subgroups: arrhythmia and non-arrhythmia, and the ROSC and survival rate to discharge were compared. Data in both groups were analyzed by t-test, chi-square analysis or ANOVA, and logistic regression were used to analyze the prognostic factors for ROSC and survival to discharge after cardiac arrest (CA). Results: The incidence of CA in PICU was 3.2% (372/11 588), and the implementation rate of CPR was 75.5% (281/372). There were 144 males and 137 females with median age of 32.8 (5.6, 42.7) months in all 281 CPA cases who received CPR. CHD group had 56 cases while non-CHD had 225 cases, with the percentage of 19.9% (56/281) and 80.1% (225/281) respectively. The proportion of female in CHD group was 60.7% (34/56) which was higher than that in non-CHD group (45.8%, 103/225) (χ2=4.00, P=0.045). There were no differences in ROSC and rate of survival to discharge between the two groups (P>0.05). The ROSC rate of children with arthythmid in CHD group was 70.0% (28/40), higher than 6/16 for non-arrhythmic children (χ2=5.06, P=0.024). At discharge, the pediatric cerebral performance category scores (1-3 scores) of CHD and non-CHD child were 50.9% (26/51) and 44.9% (92/205) respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent prognostic factors of ROSC and survival to discharge in children with CHD were CPR duration (odds ratio (OR)=0.95, 0.97; 95%CI: 0.92~0.97, 0.95~0.99; both P<0.05) and epinephrine dosage (OR=0.87 and 0.79, 95%CI: 0.76-1.00 and 0.69-0.89, respectively; both P<0.05). Conclusions: There is no difference between CHD and non-CHD children in ROSC and survival rate of survival to discharge was low. The epinephrine dosage and the duration of CPR are related to the ROSC and survival to discharge of children with CHD.

Chinese Medicine in Treating Diabetic Renal Fibrosis： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetic nephropathy （DN） is among the common microvascular complications of diabetes. In recent years， the incidence has been on the rise with the increase in prevalence of diabetes， threatening the health of human. The early stage of DN is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix （ECM） and thickening of glomerular basement membrane which result in glomerular mesangial proliferation and massive collagen deposition. The late stage features glomerular sclerosis and renal fibrosis （RF）. It has been confirmed that RF is the key pathological process for the development of DN. Therefore， it is the research focus to explore the pathogenesis and treatment methods of RF. It has been frequently verified that Chinese medicine is superior in the treatment of diabetic RF. It relieves diabetic RF by regulating transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， secretory glycoprotein （Wnt）/β-catenin， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Notch， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and other signaling pathways. Therefore， this paper reviews the pathogenesis of diabetic RF and the treatment with Chinese medicine， which is expected to serve as a reference for clinical application of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic RF.

Effects of Tripterine on Adhesion Molecules and Cell Cycle in Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Model Mice / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of tripterine on adhesion molecules and cell biological characteristics in mice with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) tumor.@*METHODS@#Eighteen SCID beige mice were caudal vein injected with NB4 cell lines (5×10@*RESULTS@#The neutrophil decrased and promyelocytes, NB4 cells, B lymphocytes and white blood cells increased in tumor-bearing group as compared with control group (P<0.05), and the expressions of serum P-selectin (P-selectin), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1, sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, sICAM-1) all increased (P<0.05). The cell cycle showed that the proportion of G@*CONCLUSION@#Tripterine may not only inhibit the expression of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 proteins in APL tumor-bearing mice and reduce the adhesion of tumor cells, but also block tumor cells at G

Epidemiological analysis of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Huangpu District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic in Huangpu District of Shanghai, and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to study the suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported from January 21 through March 10, 2020 in Huangpu District, Shanghai. Results A total of 120 suspected cases of COVID-19 were reported, of which 12 were diagnosed and 108 were excluded.The first confirmed case was reported on January 21, and the last case was on February 10; the majority (11/12) of the confirmed cases were reported from January 21 through February 1.The average duration of time from the symptom onset to the first medical visit was 2.6 days, whereas the average duration from the first medical visit to the hospital diagnosis was 2.2 days.There were 15 suspected cases with a confirmed history of residence or tourism in Wuhan, in which 6 were confirmed cases.Moreover, 5 suspected cases had a confirmed history of contact with other confirmed cases, in which 3 were confirmed cases.Thus, exposure in Wuhan and exposure to confirmed cases were the most significant risk factors at this stage of the epidemic. Conclusion The 12 cases identified in Huangpu District of Shanghai are all adults, half of whom had confirmed history of exposure in Wuhan.The first cluster of COVID-19 cases in Shanghai is documented in Huangpu District.Epidemiological investigation reveals that the confirmed cases might be infectious the day before the symptom onset.

Expression, purification and induction of apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by salvia miltiorrhiza lectin in vitro / 医学研究生学报

Objective　The active protein of traditional Chinese medicine has anti-tumor effect, and salvia miltiorrhiza is an important anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine. Here, the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza lectin protein (SMLP) on the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was studied.　Methods　SMLP expressed and purified from prokaryotic cells was used to treat the gastric cancer cells SGC-7901. The experiment was divided into the control group (untreated) and the SMLP treatment group (final concentration of 10 μmol / L of SMLP was treated for 24 h). Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the changes of apoptosis gene expression. Flow cytometry and Hoechst staining were applied to detect the apoptotic status. Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 activity assay kits were used to detect the apoptotic level.　Results　The result of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA level of Bax in the SMLP treatment group was significantly higher than in the control group (1.00±0.12 vs 0.67±0.10）(P<0.05). After treatment with SMLP to gastric cancer cells, the activity and expression level of cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). The cell nucleus in the control group was bigger and rounder, with smooth surface and uniform staining, whilst in the SMLP-treated group, the cell nucleus became deeper with pyknosis, representing typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis. The early apoptosis level in the control group was 6.55%, and the SMLP treatment group reached 10.18%, showing an increase in the level of apoptosis.　Conclusion　SMLP expressed and purified in vitro can promote the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, which is of great significance for further revealing the function of plant lectin and investigating the anti-tumor effect on the protein of traditional Chinese medicine.

Biological characteristics of endometrial stem cells isolated from ectopic lesions of endometriosis / 解剖学报

Objective: To establish the approach of isolating, culturing and identifing endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) derived from ectopic lesion of endometriosis patient; and preliminarily examine the biological characteristic of ectopic EnSCs, which provide support for further study on the potential role of ectopic EnSCs in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Methods: The ectopic lesions of endometriosis were harvested from the patients with the informed consent and transferred to lab as soon as possible. The ectopic lesions were minced, digested by collagenase I and seeded into cell culture flasks for conventional culture (n=10). Expression of vimentin in ectopic EnSCs was examined by immunofluorescence (n = 3). Proliferative capacity of ectopic EnSCs was examined by MTT assay (n = 5). Multilineage differentiation potential of ectopic EnSCs was examined by adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation respectively (n = 3). Immunophenotype analysis of ectopic EnSCs was determined by flow cytometry (n = 3). Production of biological factors in ectopic EnSCs derived conditional medium (n = 6) and expression of adhesion molecules on ectopic EnSCs (n = 7) were examined by protein assays. Results: We successfully isolated EnSCs from ectopic lesions of endometriosis patients, and ectopic EnSCs were positive for vimentin and typical markers of mesenchymal stem cell (CD29, CD73, CD90 and CD105), and negative for the markers of hematopoietic stem cell (CD34 and CD45). The induced ectopic EnSCs showed obvious lipid droplets (adipogenic differentiation) and calcium nodules (osteogenic differentiation). The ectopic EnSCs could secrete high concentration of angiogenic factors [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiotensin (ANG) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA]and angiogenesis associated inflammation cytokines [interleukin (IL-6), IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein l(MCP-l)]. Additionally, adhesion molecules analysis demonstrated the high expression of activated leukocyte adhesion molecule (ACLAM) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on ectopic EnSCs. Conclusion: We successfully establish the procedure of isolating and culturing ectopic EnSCs and demonstrate that ectopic EnSCs is capable of promoting angiogenesis through secreting high concentration of associated biological factors. The above result confirm the existence of EnSCs in ectopic lesions of endometriosis, which not only supports the stem cell based pathogenesis of endometriosis, but also shows the therapeutic potential of taking ectopic EnSCs as promising targets in the treatment of endometriosis.

Effect of single intraosseous injection of simvastatin on neoangiogenesis in myocardial infarction in rats / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To explore the effect of single local intraosseous injection of small dose simvastatin on the angiogenesis and cardiac function in rats after myocardial infarction. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were divided into sham operation group, myocardial infarction model group and intraosseous injection of simvastatin 0. 5 mg group ( all n=12 per group) . The left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was ligated to establish a rat model of myocardial infarc-tion. The left ventricular function was evaluated by small animal echocardiography at 4 weeks postoperatively. The rest of the rats were sacrificed, the myocardial infarct size was evaluated by TTC staining, and the myocardial neovascularization was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results We successfully established the rat model of myocardial infarction. The echocardiography showed that the left ventricular systolic function was decreased significantly at 4 weeks after myocardi-al infarction. Intraosseous injection of simvastatin (0. 5 mg) did not improve the left ventricular function after myocardial infarction in the rats. TTC staining showed that intraosseous injection of simvastatin did not reduce myocardial infarct size. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the myocardial capillary density of simvastatin group was slightly higher than that of myocardial infarction model group, but showing no significant difference between them. Conclusions Intraosseous in-jection of simvastatin 0. 5 mg 24 hours after myocardial infarction cannot significantly promote myocardial angiogenesis, which is believed to be beneficial to the revascularization after ischemia, and thus failed to improve the cardiac function.

Impairment mechanisms of acute hyperglycemia in the first-phase insulin secretion in mouse / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To clarify the impairment mechanisms of acute hyperglycemia in the first-phase insulin se-cretion in mice. Methods The mouse model of acute glucose toxicity was established by glucose infusion through jugular vein catheterization. The glucose and insulin levels were assessed by IPGTT and OGTT in the mice of acute hyperglycemia and control groups. The histology of pancreatic islets was observed using HE staining and the insulin granules and other cy-toplasmic organelles were observed by electron microscopy. Results The mouse model of acute hyperglycemia was suc-cessfully established. The IPGTT showed that the blood glucose level was decreased by 87% ( 10. 3 ± 0. 33 mmol/L vs. 19. 3 ± 1. 66 mmol/L) at 15 min in the acute hyperglycemia group compared with the control group. The OGTT showed that the blood glucose level was decreased by 85% (9. 8 ± 0. 31 mmol/L vs. 18. 16 ± 1. 01 mmol/L) at 30 min in the acute hy-perglycemia group compared with the control group. However, the peak values of insulin secretion were delayed in both IPGTT and OGTT. Insulin levels at 2. 8 and 16. 7 mmol/L glucose stimulation in the acute hyperglycemia group was de-clined by 46% and 67% than the control group, respectively (P<0. 05). Residual insulin content in isletβcells was de-clined by 49% at 2. 8 mmol/L and 94% at 16. 7 mmol/L glucose infusion than the control group (P<0. 05). The histolo-gy showed irregular structure of pancreatic islets in the acute hyperglycemia group. The electron microscopy revealed that the amount of insulin granules was decreased, and more cytoplasmic vacuoles and swollen mitochondria were observed. Conclusions Acute intravenous glucose load decreases insulin content of isletβcells, leading to decrease and delay of the first-phase insulin secretion.

Analysis of volatile organic compounds in water supply system of Minhang District of Shanghai / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To investigate the pollution status of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water supply systems of Minhang District of Shanghai taking Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir as water source.Methods A total of 126 water samples were collected from water supply system for residents in Minhang District in Feb.(dry season) and Aug.(wet season) of 2016,including source water from Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir,the factory finished water and tap water.Purge and trap gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of 86 kinds of VOCs.Results Totally,32 and 28 kinds of VOCs were detected in the water supply systems from the Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir,among which 19 and 21 pollutants were priority-controlled by the US EPA,and 18 and 14 species have the national standard in China separately.The concentration of detected pollutants ranged from 0.04 μg/L to 213μg/L and from 0.04μg/L to 728μg/L,respectively.The pollutants in the supply system of the Huangpu river were at the lower level except for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).The pollutants in the supply system of Qingcaosha reservoir were lower than the national standards in addition to dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane,and with the higher level of Methyl chloride and MTBE.In both water supply systems,halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were mainly types of VOCs,but there were varied types and quantities of compounds in each water supply system.The halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons accounted for 37.5％ and 56.2％ of the detected VOCs respectively,while aromatic compounds accounted for 64.3％ and 28.6％.A total of 5 disinfection by-products (DBP) were detected in both water supply systems,but the concentrations of dichloromethane,chloroform,bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane in the Qingcaosha reservoir water supply system were significantly higher than those in the Huangpu River water supply system,except for bromoform.The concentration of the disinfection by-products in order from large to small were in the tap water,factory finished water and source water,while dichloromethane was an exception.Conclusions There were VOC pollutions in both water supply system in Minhang District,including source water,factory finished water and tap water,with different pollution characteristics.Adequate attention should be paid to the pollutants without national standards in the future water quality monitoring work.

Effect of single intraosseous injection of simvastatin on neoangiogenesis in myocardial infarction in rats / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To explore the effect of single local intraosseous injection of small dose simvastatin on the angiogenesis and cardiac function in rats after myocardial infarction. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were divided into sham operation group, myocardial infarction model group and intraosseous injection of simvastatin 0. 5 mg group ( all n=12 per group) . The left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was ligated to establish a rat model of myocardial infarc-tion. The left ventricular function was evaluated by small animal echocardiography at 4 weeks postoperatively. The rest of the rats were sacrificed, the myocardial infarct size was evaluated by TTC staining, and the myocardial neovascularization was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results We successfully established the rat model of myocardial infarction. The echocardiography showed that the left ventricular systolic function was decreased significantly at 4 weeks after myocardi-al infarction. Intraosseous injection of simvastatin (0. 5 mg) did not improve the left ventricular function after myocardial infarction in the rats. TTC staining showed that intraosseous injection of simvastatin did not reduce myocardial infarct size. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the myocardial capillary density of simvastatin group was slightly higher than that of myocardial infarction model group, but showing no significant difference between them. Conclusions Intraosseous in-jection of simvastatin 0. 5 mg 24 hours after myocardial infarction cannot significantly promote myocardial angiogenesis, which is believed to be beneficial to the revascularization after ischemia, and thus failed to improve the cardiac function.

Impairment mechanisms of acute hyperglycemia in the first-phase insulin secretion in mouse / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To clarify the impairment mechanisms of acute hyperglycemia in the first-phase insulin se-cretion in mice. Methods The mouse model of acute glucose toxicity was established by glucose infusion through jugular vein catheterization. The glucose and insulin levels were assessed by IPGTT and OGTT in the mice of acute hyperglycemia and control groups. The histology of pancreatic islets was observed using HE staining and the insulin granules and other cy-toplasmic organelles were observed by electron microscopy. Results The mouse model of acute hyperglycemia was suc-cessfully established. The IPGTT showed that the blood glucose level was decreased by 87% ( 10. 3 ± 0. 33 mmol/L vs. 19. 3 ± 1. 66 mmol/L) at 15 min in the acute hyperglycemia group compared with the control group. The OGTT showed that the blood glucose level was decreased by 85% (9. 8 ± 0. 31 mmol/L vs. 18. 16 ± 1. 01 mmol/L) at 30 min in the acute hy-perglycemia group compared with the control group. However, the peak values of insulin secretion were delayed in both IPGTT and OGTT. Insulin levels at 2. 8 and 16. 7 mmol/L glucose stimulation in the acute hyperglycemia group was de-clined by 46% and 67% than the control group, respectively (P<0. 05). Residual insulin content in isletβcells was de-clined by 49% at 2. 8 mmol/L and 94% at 16. 7 mmol/L glucose infusion than the control group (P<0. 05). The histolo-gy showed irregular structure of pancreatic islets in the acute hyperglycemia group. The electron microscopy revealed that the amount of insulin granules was decreased, and more cytoplasmic vacuoles and swollen mitochondria were observed. Conclusions Acute intravenous glucose load decreases insulin content of isletβcells, leading to decrease and delay of the first-phase insulin secretion.

Analysis of volatile organic compounds in water supply system of Minhang District of Shanghai / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To investigate the pollution status of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water supply systems of Minhang District of Shanghai taking Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir as water source.Methods A total of 126 water samples were collected from water supply system for residents in Minhang District in Feb.(dry season) and Aug.(wet season) of 2016,including source water from Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir,the factory finished water and tap water.Purge and trap gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of 86 kinds of VOCs.Results Totally,32 and 28 kinds of VOCs were detected in the water supply systems from the Huangpu River and Qingcaosha reservoir,among which 19 and 21 pollutants were priority-controlled by the US EPA,and 18 and 14 species have the national standard in China separately.The concentration of detected pollutants ranged from 0.04 μg/L to 213μg/L and from 0.04μg/L to 728μg/L,respectively.The pollutants in the supply system of the Huangpu river were at the lower level except for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).The pollutants in the supply system of Qingcaosha reservoir were lower than the national standards in addition to dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane,and with the higher level of Methyl chloride and MTBE.In both water supply systems,halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were mainly types of VOCs,but there were varied types and quantities of compounds in each water supply system.The halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons accounted for 37.5％ and 56.2％ of the detected VOCs respectively,while aromatic compounds accounted for 64.3％ and 28.6％.A total of 5 disinfection by-products (DBP) were detected in both water supply systems,but the concentrations of dichloromethane,chloroform,bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane in the Qingcaosha reservoir water supply system were significantly higher than those in the Huangpu River water supply system,except for bromoform.The concentration of the disinfection by-products in order from large to small were in the tap water,factory finished water and source water,while dichloromethane was an exception.Conclusions There were VOC pollutions in both water supply system in Minhang District,including source water,factory finished water and tap water,with different pollution characteristics.Adequate attention should be paid to the pollutants without national standards in the future water quality monitoring work.

Expression intensity and clinical significance of intrahepatic hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen in 994 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To investigate the intensity of HBsAg and HBcAg expression in liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its clinical significance.Methods A total of 994 HBV infected patients underwent liver biopsy and histopathological examination.The expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue was detected by histoimmunochemistry.Patients were divided into HBeAg (+)/HBVDNA(+), HBeAg(-)/HBV DNA(+) and HBeAg(-)/HBV DNA(-) groups according to HBeAg and HBV DNA levels;patients were divided into ＜2 × normal (ULN) group, 2-＜5 × ULN groupand ≥5 × ULN group according to the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.The histologic activity (A), fibrosis (F), the expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue and their correlations with clinical features were analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was used to study the factors affecting the expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver tissue.Results Among 994 HBV infected patients, 941 cases (94.67％) were intrahepatic HBsAg positive and 553 cases (55.63％) were intrahepatic HBcAg positive;403 cases (40.85％) were ≥A2 in histologic activity and 371 cases (36.09％) were ≥F2 in fibrosis.The degree of A and F was the highest in HBeAg (-) / HBV DNA (+) group, followed by HBeAg (-) / HBV DNA (-) group, and was the lowest in HBeAg (+) / HBV DNA (+) group.The intensity of intrahepatic HBsAg expression was significantly different among three groups (x2 =6.299, r =-0.760, P ＜ 0.05), however, the difference was not showed in pairwise comparisons.The difference of intrahepatic HBcAg intensity among three groups was statistically significant (x2 =282.995, r =-0.645, P ＜ 0.01), the intensity was the highest in HBeAg (+) / HBV DNA (+) group and the lowest in HBeAg (-) / HBV DNA (-) group.The constituent ratio of HBeAg positive and HBV DNA level were higher and the average age was lower in intrahepatic HBsAg positive group than those in HBsAg negative group.The constituent ratio of positive HBeAg, the levels of ALT, AST, PLT and HBV DNA were higher and the average age, the average FIB-4 level were lower in intrahepatic HBcAg positive group than those in HBcAg negative group.The HBV DNA level was an independent risk factor for intrahepatic HBsAg intensity, and the HBeAg positive and HBV DNA level were independent risk factors for intrahepatic HBcAg intensity.There were no significant differences in A and F among different groups of intrahepatic HBsAg intensity (x2 =1.943 and 2.630, both P ＞ 0.05).There was significant difference in F among different groups of intrahepatic HBcAg intensity (x2 =12.352, P ＜ 0.01), but not in A.The degree of F was the highest in intrahepatic HBcAg negative group.There was significant difference in intrahepatic HBcAg intensity among different groups of ALT level (x2 =16.349, P ＜ 0.01), but not in intrahepatic HBsAg intensity.The intrahepatic HBcAg intensity in ALT ＜ 2 × ULN group was lower than that in other two groups.Conclusions Most of patients with chronic HBV infection are intrahepatic HBsAg positive and more than half of them are intrahepatic HBcAg positive.The intrahepatic HBsAg intensity is not associated with A and F, but correlates with HBV DNA level.The intrahepatic HBcAg intensity is not associated with A, but it is negatively correlated with F and positively correlated with positive HBeAg expression, HBV DNA level and ALT level.

Detection and analysis of bocavirus in hospitalized children with respiratory infection / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect human bocavirus (HBoV) and investigate its genetic and evolutionary characteristics in children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1,259 samples of nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children with a confirmed diagnosis of acute respiratory infection between January and December, 2012. Viral nucleic acid was extracted, HBoV was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the gene segments of nucleocapsid protein of HBoV in positive samples were amplified by PCR. Several products were randomly selected and sequenced.The sequence obtained was compared with the known sequence of HBoV, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. All the samples were examined to detect for other common respiratory tract viruses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 1,259 samples, the positive rate of HBoV was 4.53% (57/1,259), and among the 57 samples with positive HBoV, 75% (43/57) were positive in children with an age of 6-36 months. The positive rate of HBoV in children peaked in summer (from June to August), and there was a mixed infection with other viruses. Sequence analysis was performed for the PCR products from 36 positive samples, and the presence of HBoV was confirmed, with a higher homology to the known sequence of HBoV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In Tianjin, acute respiratory infection in some children may be associated with HBoV infection, which is commonly seen in infants with an age of 6-36 months. The peak of HBoV infection occurs in summer. The phylogenetic analysis shows a high homology to the known sequence of HBoV, with few gene sequence variations.</p>

Lab-on-chip for the detection of food borne pathogenic bacteria / 上海预防医学

Objective To set up an onsite protocol for abrupt emergencies of public health e-vents, with both the sensitivity and accuracy of the lab-on-chip(microfluidic chip), for the detection of food borne pathogenic bacterium including Vibrio cholera , Salmonella , Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Shigellaare exanimated . [ Methods] By comparison of the results from the chips and fluorescence quantitative PCR were analyzed the specificity , sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability of the Lab-on-chip. [ Results] Acceptable specificity , accuracy and repeatability of the chips had been well achieved , the detection limit of the chips for the Vibrio cholera , Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Shigella was 5 ×103 ~103 DNA Copies/mL. [ Conclusion] Lab-on-chip is believed to be a fast , convenient , efficient tool with accept-able accuracy for public health emergencies .

Effect of lactuside B on the expression of CHOP mRNA in rats' cerebral cortex and hippocampus after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of lactuside B on CHOP mRNA expression in rat's cerebral cortex and hippocampus after cerebral ischemia injury. METHODS: Male SD rats of 280-320 g were randomly given brain ischemia-reperfusion treatment for 24 and 72 h respectively and then divided into sham operation group, model group, positive control group, and lactuside B 12.5 mg · kg-1 group, 25 mg · kg-1 group and 50 mg · kg-1 group. There were a total of 12 groups with 4 rats in each group. The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h. The animals with neurological missing symptom scores of 1-3 were selected for the experiment. All the animals were intraperitoneally injected corresponding experimental drugs after reperfusion for 24 and 72 h and then sacrificed. RT-PCR was used to detected the expression of CHOP mRNA in the cerebral and hippocampus at different time. RESULTS: After cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury for 24 and 72 h, the neurological deficits scores of the model group animals were significantly higher compared with the sham group (P < 0.01); the neurological deficit scores of the animals were decreased for positive control group and all lactuside B groups compared with model group (P < 0.01). All of the three dosage(12.5, 25 and 50 mg · kg-1) of lactuside B could reduce CHOP mRNA expression in cerebral cortex and hippocampus compared with the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the majority of lactuside B groups were superior to the positive control drug nimodip-ine(P < 0.01). There was a good dose-effect relationship for lactuside B in general, but only the middle dose group showed good time-effect relationship. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the anti-cerebral ischemia effect of lactuside B may be related with the down-regulation of CHOP mRNA expression in cortex and hippocampus. Lactuside B is worthy of development. Copyright 2013 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Clinical features and management outcomes of severe hand, foot and mouth disease

This study was designed to describe the clinical features and management outcomes of severe hand, foot and mouth disease [HFMD]. Data on 147 severe HFMD patients during an outbreak in 2009 were analyzed. Most patients were under 3 years of age; 102 [69.4%] were boys. All had skin rashes and fever of ?38°C. All [n = 147, 100%] showed signs of central nervous system involvement, such as lethargy [n = 124, 84.4%], myoclonic jerks [n = 76, 51.7%], or drowsiness [n = 34, 23.1%]. Respiratory symptoms were mainly tachypnea [n = 112, 76.2%] or bradypnea [n = 21, 14.3%]. Common cardiovascular symptoms included tachycardia [n = 134, 91.2%] and hypertension [n = 23, 15.5%]. Chest X-ray showed increased markings in 76 [51.7%] or consolidation in 44 [29.9%]. Hyperglycemia and elevated blood lactic acid levels were found in 127 [86.4%] and 130 [88.4%], respectively. Positive enterovirus EV71-PCR was found in 113 [76.9%]. All patients were treated with mechanical ventilation for 61.2 +/- 12.8 h [range, 40-96 h], as well as mannitol, dexamethasone, gamma globulin and ribavirin. Dopamine, dobutamine or amrinone was administered in 58.5, 51.0 and 21.8%, respectively. Three patients [2%] died during hospitalization. All others had a full recovery and were discharged after 14.2 +/- 1.6 days [range, 12-17 days]. Central nervous and cardiorespiratory systems were involved in the patients with severe HFMD. Fasting blood glucose and lactic acid levels increased in the majority of patients. Mechanical ventilation and supportive pharmacotherapy were associated with a good clinical outcome in these patients

The effect of the magnesium supplementation on vascular calcification in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the role of magnesium sulfate in vascular calcification, to explore the role and the mechanism of magnesium sulfate in vascular calcification.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The vascular calcification model was established by administration of vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) in SD rats. To estimate the extent of calcification by Von Kossa staining, calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin (OPN) mRNA were determined by using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.The malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured by biochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A strong positive staining of black/brown areas among the elastic fibers of the medial layer in calcified aorta by Von Kossa staining, calcium content and ALP activity in calcified arteries increased by 3.9-and 3.4-fold as compared with the controls. The expression of OPN mRNA was up-regulated by 40% (P < 0.01). The lipid peroxidation products MDA in vascular were increased 2.0-fold (P < 0.01). The NO content and SOD activity were greatly decreased by 64% and 72% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared with controls. However, calcium content and ALP activity in VDN plus magnesium sulfate group were lower than those in VDN group. Low and high dosage magnesium sulfate obviously relieved degree of calcification in the cardiovascular tissues in a dosage-dependent manner (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Magnesium sulfate plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification by reducing vascular calcification and decreasing vascular injury.</p>