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Objective:To observe the distribution characteristics of fungi, bacteria and Demodex in the eyelid margin of patients with blepharitis and without blepharitis at different ages. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 98 patients diagnosed with anterior blepharitis and 99 patients diagnosed with posterior blepharitis in Henan Eye Hospital from March 2021 to June 2022 were enrolled as anterior blepharitis group and posterior blepharitis, respectively.Additionally, 100 patients with an initial diagnosis of refractive error and 200 patients with vitreous opacity were enrolled during the same period as a non-blepharitis group.All patients underwent examinations for lid margin fungi, bacteria and eyelash Demodex, as well as fungal spores and ciliary Demodex count.The differences in the positive rate and load of palpebral fungi, bacteria and eyelash Demodex were compared between anterior and posterior blepharitis groups, as well as across different ages in non-blepharitis group.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECKY-2019[18]).All patients were informed about the purpose and methods of the study.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Results:There were significant differences in the positive rates of bacteria, fungi and Demodex and the load of Demodex in the non-blepharitis group at different ages ( χ2=28.34, 10.36, 51.57, H=35.66; all at P<0.01).The positive rates of palpebral bacteria and ciliary Demodex and the load of Demodex were significantly higher and the palpebral fungi positive rate was significantly lower in the ≥60 years old than in the <60 years old (all at P<0.05).There were significant differences in the positive rates of bacteria and fungi among anterior blepharitis, posterior blepharitis and non-blepharitis groups ( χ2=18.99, 6.36; all at P<0.01).The palpebral bacteria positive rate was significantly higher in anterior blepharitis group than in posterior blepharitis and non-blepharitis groups, and the palpebral fungi positive rate was significantly higher in anterior blepharitis and posterior blepharitis groups than in non-blepharitis group (all at P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the ciliary Demodex detection rate among the three groups ( χ2=0.16, P=0.74).The number of palpebral fungi spores and eyelash Demodex counts were higher in anterior and posterior blepharitis groups than in non-blepharitis group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05).The positive rate of palpebral margin bacteria in ciliary Demodex-positive group was 45.7%(156/341), which was significantly higher than 25.6%(40/156) in ciliary Demodex-negative group ( χ2=17.20, P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of palpebral margin fungi between them ( χ2=0.11, P=0.70). Conclusions:In the population with normal eyelid margin, the infection of Demodex and bacteria in lid margin increases and fungal infection decreases in the ≥60 years old.Fungal and bacterial infections are the main sources of palpebral infection in patients with blepharitis, and positive detection of Demodex increases the chance of bacterial infection.
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Objective:To study the antimicrobial activity of diacerein on common pathogens of the ocular surface in vitro.Methods:Pathogens were collected from patients with ocular surface infections in Henan Eye Hospital, including Gram-positive cocci and bacilli, Gram-negative bacilli, filamentous fungi, and Candida.The antimicrobial activity of diacerein was determined by the K-B agar diffusion method, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the micro-liquid method.Levofloxacin and voriconazole were used as the control of antibacterial and antifungal drug, respectirely.Results:Diacerein showed antibacterial activity against 42 strains of Gram-positive cocci and 10 strains of Gram-positive bacilli, its inhibition zone diameters for Staphylococcus epidermidis, S.aureus, S.intermedius and Gram-positive Corynebacterium were not significantly different from those of levofloxacin (all at P>0.05). Its MIC range of diacetate against Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, S. intermedius and other Staphylococci was 1-32 μg/ml, and its respective MIC 90 was 16, 8, 16, and 32 μg/ml.Diacerein had no bacteriostatic effect on 23 strains of Gram-negative bacilli, 10 strains of filamentous fungi and 3 strains of candida. Conclusions:Diacerein has antibacterial effects against Gram-positive Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium isolated from the ocular surface, but shows no antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacilli and fungi.Diacerein offers a new drug option and method for the treatment of bacterial keratitis.
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Objective To investigate the imaging manifestations of different filamentous fungal strains under the confocal laser scanning microscope and slit-lamp microscope,and evaluate the feasibility of rapid diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy judgment for fungal culture negative patients.Methods A diagnosis trail was performed.Nine hundred and ninety-three patients with fungal keratitis (FK) which were varified by fungal culture were included in Henan Eye Hospital from September 2013 to January 2014.Distribution of fungi strains and positive rate of fungal strains by fungal culture and corneal confocal laser scanning microscopy were compared.The imaging characteristics of different filamentous fungi and different stages of one filamentous fungi under the slit-lamp microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy were summarized.Results In the 993 FK patients,the diagnostic positive rate of fungal culture and confocal laser scanning microscopy was 43.20％ and 82.07％,respectively,showing a significant difference between them (x2 =45.323,P =0.000).In 429 culture-positive patients,the diagnostic positive rate of confocal laser scanning microscopy was 92.31％;while in 564 culture-negative patients,the diagnostic positive rate of confocal laser scanning microscopy was 74.29％.In 429 culture-positive patients,Aspergillus was the most common genus,accounting for 50.12％,and followed by Fusarium sp.and Altemaria sp.(18.18％ and 10.49％).There were no significant differences in fungal species distributions between fungal culture and confocal laser scanning microscopy examination in 429 cases (all at P＞0.05).The imaging characteristics under the slit-lamp microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope were different in different fungi stains.Aspergillus infection showed a plume-like corneal ulcer,and the Aspergillus sp.hyphae were thin and line-shaped with high reflective light and less branched under the confocal laser scanning microscope.Toothpaste-like corneal infiltration was seen in Fusarium sp.-infectious lesions under the slit lamp microscope,and mycelium showed a high-reflective long rod-like image with less branch in the image of confocal laser scanning microscope.Alternaria alternate sp.corneal infection showed nevus lesions,and hyphae characterized by high-reflective long rod or string beads in shape with less branches in the image of confocal laser scanning microscope.The mycelium was ruptured,shorter,thinner with weak reflective light following drug therapy.The differential diagnosis could be easily obtained between hyphae and corneal nerve fibers by confocal laser scanning microscope.Hyphae intertwined,or had branches with diffuse distribution,which surrounded by highreflective inflammatory cells and destructed matrix fiber and were located in stroma.The corneal nerve fibers located between epithelium layer and stroma layer,surrounded by normal epithelium or stroma structure.The diameter of the thicker nerve fibers in the stroma layer was obviously thicker than that of the hyphae.Conclusions The diagnosis rate of confocal laser scanning microscope combined with slit-lamp microscope for filamentous fungi-infectious FK is higher than that of fungal culture.The combination procedure of confocal laser scanning microscope and slit lamp microscope examination provides a rapid evaluation for fungi strains and therapeutic efficacy in the FK patients with negative results by fungal culture.
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AIM: To study the effect of S-methylisothiourea(SMT) on adriamycin(ADM)-induced changes of superoxide dismutase and alutathione peroxidase activities in myocardial tissue of rats.METHODS: Rats were treated with ADM by intraperioneal injection (10.0 mg/kg body weight),and then the ADM-treated rats were intervened by SMT at different dosages by intravenous injection(once a day for three days).The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and NO_2~-/ NO_3~-,the activities of manganes superoxied dismutase(MnSOD),copper-zinc superoxide dismutase(Cu-Zn SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) were determined by spectrophotometry in myocardial tissue.The activity of isoenzymic CK-MB of creatine kinase(CK) was determined by enzymic rate method in serum.The expression of MnSOD mRNA,Cu-ZnSOD mRNA,GPx mRNA and iNOS mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-ploymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: The contents of MDA,NO~-_2/ NO~-_3,and iNOS activity of myocardial tissue,the activity of CK-MB in serum in SMT(5.0,10.0,20.0 mg/kg) intervention groups were significantly lower than those in ADM-treated group(P
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Objective: To study the relation between college students' time management disposition and their coping styles and personality characteristics.Methods: 282 college students were investigated with Time Management Disposition Scale,The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Y-G Personality Test.Results: ①Time management disposition of college students was obviously correlated with their coping style.It was positively correlated with positive coping style in totality and each dimension,and was negatively correlated with negative coping style in totality and sense of time control,and sense of time efficiency.②Some factors of time management disposition had significant correlations with some traits of Y-G Personality Test.Conclusion: Time manage disposition was obviously correlated with coping styles and personality characteristics.