The inhomogeneous perfusion of the solitary pulmonary nodules / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate whether the perfusion of the solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) is homogeneous derived with 16-slice spiral CT and 64-sliee spiral CT. Methods Eight-five patients with. SPNs (diameter≤4 cm; 57 maliagnant;15 active inflammatory; 13 benign)underwent multi- location dynamic contrast material-enhanced serial CT. One scan was obtained every 1 seconds during 11- 41 seconds without scanning interval after injection, one scan was obtained at 90 seconds. TOSHIBA AquilionMerconi 16 : The section thickness was 8.0 mm for lesions 3.0-4.0 cm, 6. 0 mm for 2.0- 3.0 cm,4.0 mm for 1.5-2.0 cm,3.0 mm for 1.0-1.5 cm and 2.0 mm for lesions <1.0 cm. GE Lightspeed 64:The section thickness was 8.0 mm for lesions3.0-4.0 cm and 2.5 mm for <3.0 cm. Precontrast and posteontrast attenuation on every scan was recorded. The peak height , perfusion, ratio of peak height of the SPNs to that of the aorta and mean transit time of three central valid sections were calculated. The significance of the difference among groups was analyzed by means of ANOVA. Results The peak heights in three sections were ( 30.95±14.53 ), ( 25.10±13.32), (32.37±15.85) HU, respectively, the perfusions (33.01±21.35), (23.70±12.87), ( 29.00±15.47) ml·min-1·100 g-1, the ratios of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta (13.58±6.41) %, (10.95±5.76) %, (13.64± 6.20)% and the mean transit times (11.61±5.74),(11.97±3.55), (13.44±3.74) s. Statistically significant differences were found among three sections in the peak height(F= 5.913,P=0.003), perfusion (F=6.464, P=0.002), ratio of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta (F=5.333, P=0.005) and mean transit time (F= 3.837, P = 0.023). No statistically significant differences were found among three sections in precontrast attenuation ( F =0.032, P = 0.968). Conclusion The volume perfusion of the SPNs is inhomogeneous,it is suggested to evaluate blood flow patterns of the solitary pulmonary nodules with CT volume perfusion imaging.

Findings of styloid Process and clinical value of 16-slice spiral CT postprocessing in investigating styloid process in vivo / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To investigate the value of 16-slice spiral CT(MSCT)postprocessing in styloid process in vivo and provide the vivisection data for diagnosing and curing styloid process syndrome.[Method]Totally 100 volunteers with normal styloid processes underwent 16-slice spiral CT(MSCT). Based on the initial datum,4 kinds of postprocessing including multiple planar reconstruction(MPR), curve planar reconstruction(CPR),surface shaded display(SSD) and volume rendering (VR) were performed.The length and inclination angle of stytoid processes were measured. The distance of between styloid processes and carotid canal external aperture,jugular foramen, stylomastoid foramen ,mastoid process, internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein were surveyed. [Result]The average length of styloid processes was 24.51 mm?3.05 mm, left was 24.33 mm?3.15 mm and right was 24.69 mm?2.95 mm. The anterior inclination angle was 19.35??2.92? and medial was 24.00??4.07?.The distance of between styloid processes and carotid canal external aperture, jugular foramen,stylomastoid foramen ,mastoid process , internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein were 8.53 mm?2.45 mm, 2.87 mm?0.88 mm, 2.34 mm?0.74 mm, 17.23 mm?1.85 mm,6.49 mm?1.58 mm and 3.70 mm?1.46 mm respectively. [Conclusion]Sixteen-slice Spiral CT postprocessing demonstrate the stytoid processes in vivo accurately and fully, among which multiple planar reconstruction and surface shaded display are more valuable, because they can evaluate the length and inclination of the styloid processes and the distance between the processes and their surrounding structures in vivo more accurately.

Clinical value of CR,CT and MRI in spinal tuberculosis / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To investigate the clinical value of computed radiography(CR),computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in spinal tuberculosis.[Method]Forty-one patients with histologically confirmed spinal tuberculosis underwant imaging examinations.Forty-one patients were performed CR,22 CT and 31 MRI.[Result]CR of 38 patients clearly revealed bone changes and narrowed or disappeared disk space.CR of 30 patients well showed the abnormal soft tissue.CT scan of 22 patients clearly depicted calcification and no abnormal was found in pedicles in all the 22 CT scans.CT scan of 21 patients revealed bone changes of vertebral bodies and CT scan of 20 patients showed abnormal soft tissue.The soft tissue was involved in all 31 patients with spinal tuberculosis.Diskspaces were involved in 29 cases and the pedicles were normal in all 31 case.The lesions showed hypointense in T1 scan primarily,hyperintense in T2 scan primarily.[Conclusion]CR is the first imaging approach for spinal tuberculosis.CT well reveal the extent and minute calcification.The extent,abnormal soft-tissue and abnormal disk space are more dramatically demonstrated on MRI imaging.CR,in addition to CT and MRI,is helpful in diagnosis of spinaltubereuinsis.

Dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT in evaluation of blood flow patterns of solitary pulmonary nodules with enhancement / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the methods of dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT in evaluation of blood flow patterns of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) with enhancement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-eight patients with SPNs (≤4 cm) with strong enhancement underwent dynamic multi-slice spiral CT (Marconi Mx8000) scan before and after contrast enhancement by injecting contrast material with a rate of 4 mL/s. For the 40 patients in protocol one, one scan was obtained every 2 seconds during 15-45 and 75-105 seconds after injection, while for the 38 patients in protocol two, one scan was obtained every 2 seconds during 11-41 and 71-101 seconds. For all the patients, one scan was obtained every 30 seconds during 2-9 minutes. The section thickness was 2.5 mm for lesions ≤3 cm and 5 mm for lesions > 3 cm. Standard algorithm was used in the image reconstruction. Precontrast and postcontrast attenuation on every scan was recorded. The perfusion, peak height, ratio of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta and mean transit time were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The peak height, perfusion, ratio of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta and mean transit time in malignant SPNs were 34.85 Hu±10.87 Hu, 30.37 ml/(min*100 g)±11.14 ml/(min*100 g), 13.78%± 3.96% , 14.19 s±6.19 s respectively in protocol one, while those in protocol two were 36.62 Hu±10.75 Hu, 30.01 ml/(min*100 g)±8.10 ml/(min*100 g), 14.70 %±4.71%, 13.91 s±4.82 s respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the peak height (t= 0.673, P=0.503), perfusion (t= 0.152 , P=0.880), ratio of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta (t= 0.861, P=0.393) and mean transit time (t= 0.199, P=0.843) in malignant SPNs measured in protocol one and those measured in protocol two. All mean transit time in protocol two (36/36) were obtained, but only part of them (25/32) were obtained in protocol one.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT is a non-invasive method for quantitative evaluation of blood flow patterns of SPNs with enhancement and scans beginning at 11 seconds after injection of contrast material is suggested.</p>

Clinical Application of CHN Bone Age / 医疗卫生装备

CHN (the standards of skeletal maturity of hand and wrist for Chinese) is becoming more and more important in rencent years. At present, CHN bone age is applied in forecasting body height, menophania date, infantile endocrine diseases, judicial identification, orthopedics and so on. The clinical application of CHN bone age is introducted. In addition, the existing problems and future trends of bone age are pointed out.

CR's Superiority in Flexibility / 医疗卫生装备

Objective CR's advantages of flexibility are analysed, and its reasonable clinical use are evaluated. Methods To compare CR and general roentgenography. Results CR system is one of main X-ray photography. Conclusion Because of the unique advantages of CR, CR and DR will be still clinically equally important in the future for a long period of time.

Medical Image′s Conversion from DICOM to Conventional Format / 医疗卫生装备

The DICOM standard has greatly promoted the development of Medical Imaging and Communication. It′ s necessary to extract the pixels and convert the bytes to the format we need when process the DICOM files. JAVA open-source toolkit can be used to do this conversion with much convenience.

Difference of microvessel structure between benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules and its relationship with CT enhancement level / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To improve the differential diagnosis accuracy for solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), and to study the basis and mechanisms of enhancement by comparing with the microvessel constructions (microvessel density and basement membrane of microvessels) in SPNs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Dynamic contrast enhancement CT scanning were performed in 38 peripheral lung cancer, 5 hamartoma and 10 inflammatory lesions which were less than 3 cm in diameter with Siemens Plus S or Marconi MX 8000 spiral CT scanner. The CT time-attenuation curves were interpreted. The microvessel density (MVD) and the basement membrane of microvessels of the resected specimens were observed with the ABC immuno-histochemical method in all patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The CT contrasted value of lung cancer [(49.05±16.08) HU] and inflammatory lesions [(49.59±21.30) HU] were significantly higher than that of hamartoma [(8.98±4.56) HU] (t=7.48, P < 0.05; t=8.35, P < 0.05), but the enhancement of lung cancer was similar to that of inflammatory lesions (t=0.76, P > 0.05). The time-attenuation curve of inflammatory lesions tended to increase faster and reach a higher peak value than that of lung cancer, and both of them maintained a high plateau after crossing. The hamartoma showed a slight increase and demonstrated a low plateau curve. The MVD of SPNs was positively related to CT enhancement (r=0.805 1). The microvessel counts of peripheral lung cancer (48.45±10.09) and inflammatory lesions (49.60±19.94) were significantly higher than that of hamartoma (8.70±7.30) (t=11.64, P < 0.001; t=6.09, P < 0.001), but no significant difference was found between lung cancer and inflammatory lesions (t=-0.26, P=0.799). There was no any difference in continuity of basement membrane between nodules with enhanced CT less than 30 HU and higher than 30 U (Chi-square=3.13, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The microvessel counts mainly contribute to the enhancement of SPNs. The basement membrane is not related to nodule enhancement, but it might influence the pattern of time-attenuation curve.</p>

Preliminary study on the dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT in the evaluation of blood flow patterns of malignant solitary pulmonary nodules / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the methods of dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT in the evaluation of blood flow patterns of malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-seven patients with malignant SPNs (≤4 cm) underwent dynamic multi-slice spiral CT (Marconi Mx8000) scan before and after contrast enhancement by injecting 90 ml contrast material with a rate of 4 ml/s. Twenty-nine patients in protocol one were scanned every 2 seconds during 15-45 seconds and 75-105 seconds after injection, while 28 patients in protocol two were scanned every 2 seconds during 11-41 seconds and 71-101 seconds. All patients were then scanned every 30 seconds during 2-9 minutes. The collimation was 2.5 mm for lesions of ≤3 cm and 5 mm for lesions of 3-4 cm. Standard algorithm was used in the image reconstruction. The perfusion, peak height, ratio of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta and mean transit time were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The enhancement value, perfusion, ratio of peak height of the SPN to that of the aorta and mean transit time were (34.61±11.37) HU, (31.17±11.18) ml/(min*100 g), 13.90%±4.15%, (13.96±5.86) s separately in protocol one, and (36.54±10.89) HU, (29.80±8.80) ml/(min*100 g), 15.01%±4.83%, (13.34±5.12) s respectively in protocol two. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. In addition, mean transit time from all 28 patients in protocol two were obtained, but only part of them were measured in protocol one (22/29).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT is a kind of non-invasive method for quantitative evaluation of blood flow patterns of malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. It might have potential significance in angiogenesis research for lung cancer.</p>

The Value of Multi-slice Spiral Computed Tomography in Diagnosing Gastric Cancer / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in diagnosing gastric cancer. Methods The MSCT signs of 48 gastric cancers proved histologically were evaluated retrospectively. Results The main CT signs included thickening of gastric wall and mass.The lesion showed marked enhancement in the arterial and portal venous phases, and 35 cases showed marked enhancement in the portal venous phase compared with the arterial phase. 12 cases had tumor invasion in the adjacent organs and lymph mode metastasis, and 11 cases had tumor distant metastasis. The accurate rate of enhancement staging was 87 5%. Conclusions MSCT enhancement scan can help us evaluate the lesion more perfectly, and also is helpful in diagnosing and staging of gastric cancer.

Application of Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Some Brain Lesions / 医疗卫生装备

The physical basis and imaging principle of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are introduced and focus on the diagnosis and evaluation of brain disease, including cerebral infarction, intracranial tumour, brain abscess and necrotic cystic tumour differential diagnosis. Its application and existent problems are analyzed and views its development foreground.