The effect of different surface treatments on color and translucency of bilayered translucent nano-crystalline zirconia before and after accelerated aging / O efeito de diferentes tratamentos de superfície na cor e translucidez da zircônia de dupla camada nano-cristalina translúcida antes e depois do envelhecimento

Objective: Despite the higher translucency of nanocrystalline Y-TZP than the conventional Y-TZP, it couldn't be used in the anterior region of the mouth in its fully anatomical form without veneering for better esthetics. This study evaluated the color change (ΔE) and translucency parameter (TP) of the bilayered nano-crystalline zirconia restorations after different treatments of the zirconia surface before and after accelerated aging. Material and Methods: Forty samples of inCoris TZI were cut in the form of discs 15 mm (diameter) and 1mm (thickness) so that after sintering each disc dimensions' would be 12 mm (diameter) and 0.8 mm (thickness). All discs were colored by dipping in aqueous zirconia coloring solution of shade A2, then divided into four groups according to the type of surface treatment received before sintering; being tribochemical silica coating, zirconia powder deposition, glass grading, and a control untreated group. After sintering, all discs were veneered with a layer of porcelain 0.7 mm (thickness) and 12 mm (diameter). (ΔE) and TP were measured using VITA Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer before and after accelerated autoclave aging. Results: Different surface treatments applied had significant effect (P<0.05) over ΔE and TP. Glass graded group showed the highest ΔE value and the least TP value among both un-aged and aged sub-groups. Conclusion: Different surface treatments applied affected the color and translucency negatively where the control untreated group showed the highest TP and the least color deviation from the A2 color parameters. On the other hand, accelerated autoclave aging had no effect over translucency or color. (AU)

Objetivo: Apesar da maior translucidez da Y-TZP nanocristalina em relação à Y-TZP convencional, ela não pode ser usada na região anterior da boca em sua forma totalmente anatômica, sem o recobrimento cerâmico para uma melhor estética. Este estudo avaliou a mudança de cor (ΔE)eoparâmetrodetranslucidez(PT)das restauraçõesde zircônia nano-cristalina em duas camadas após diferentes tratamentos de superfície, antes e após o envelhecimento. Material e Métodos: Quarenta amostras de inCoris TZI foram cortadas na forma de discos de 15 mm (diâmetro) e 1 mm (espessura) para que, após sinterização, cada diâmetro dos discos fosse de 12 mm (diâmetro) e 0,8 mm (espessura). Todos os discos foram corados por imersão em solução aquosa de zircônia corante da sombra A2, divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com o tipo de tratamento de superfície recebido antes da sinterização; sendo revestimento de sílica químico-química, deposição de pó de zircônia, jateamento de vidro e um grupo de controle sem tratamento. Após a sinterização, todos os discos foram revestidos com uma camada de porcelana de 0,7 mm (espessura) e 12 mm (diâmetro). ΔE e TP foram medidos usando o espectrofotômetro VITA Easyshade Compact antes e depois do envelhecimento em autoclave. Resultados: Diferentes tratamentos de superfície aplicados tiveram efeito significativo (P <0,05) sobre ΔE o e maior TP. valor O grupo com de ∆E e o menor jateamento de vidro valor de TP apresentou entre os subgrupos não envelhecidos e envelhecidos. Conclusão: Diferentes tratamentos de superfície aplicados afetaram negativamente a cor e a translucidez, onde o grupo controle sem tratamento apresentou o maior TP e o menor desvio de cor dos parâmetros de coloração A2. Por outro lado, o envelhecimento acelerado da autoclave não teve efeito sobre a translucidez ou a cor. (AU)

Isolation and 16S rRNA-Based Identification of Benomyl-Degrading Bacteria.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to isolate and identify Benlate- (Benomyl) degrading microorganisms from two soil types collected from different locations in Khartoum State, Sudan. Benomyl degradation was studied at two temperatures (28 and 40ºC) in soil treated with three Benomyl concentrations (0.032, 3.2 and 8.0mg Benomyl/g soil) and incubated for 360 days. Potential degraders were also tested in mineral salt liquid medium using Benomyl as a sole carbon source. Degradation percentages were then determined and the most efficient Benomyl degraders were identified by amplification with 16S rRNA gene, sequencing and alignment with deposited sequences in the international gene bank. A total of 64 isolates were recovered from the two soil types, with 59 (92.2%) isolates recovered from the clay soil. Thirty four isolates were recovered from clay soil treated with 8.0mg Benomyl/g soil and incubated at 28ºC. The most efficient Benomyl degraders, with degradation percentages in the range of 44-59, were identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri (Two different isolates), Pseudomonas putida, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Brevibacillus invocatus, Bacillus clausii, Lysinibacillus sp. and Agrobacterium radiobacter.

Complement components (C3, C4) as Inflammatory markers in asthma.

Objective. To assess the serum levels of complement factors C3 and C4 in Egyptian asthmatic children. Methods. This case-controlled study comprised of 60 Egyptian children with the diagnosis of bronchial asthma (not in acute attack) and 60 age-and sex-matched healthy controls. All candidates were subjected to a thorough clinical study, complete blood counts, absolute eosinophil count and serum complements (C3, C4). Results. Serum C3 was significantly higher in asthmatics when compared to controls (140.60 ± 38.80 mg/dl vs 107.70 ± 45.00 mg/dl respectively, (p = 0.01). However, differences in serum C4 levels were not significant (41.30±48.80 mg/dl vs 44.60 ± 39.70 mg/dl respectively, p = 0.69). There was a significant positive correlation between severity of asthma and serum C3 (p=0.02) but not with serum C4. Conclusions. Serum levels of C3 - but not C4 - are elevated in children with stable asthma, with a positive correlation between serum C3 and severity of asthma.