DKK1 blockade improves anti-tumor immune response by promoting Th1 type polarization of CD4+ T cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：探讨恶性肿瘤中Dickkopf-1（DKK1）表达对CD4+ T细胞极化的影响及其作为肿瘤免疫治疗靶点的潜在价值。方法：利用生物信息学方法分析DKK1在多种类型肿瘤组织和癌旁组织中的表达水平，分析DKK1表达与肿瘤患者预后及肿瘤微环境免疫浸润间的相关性。利用流式细胞术检测DKK1蛋白对CD4+ T细胞表型变化的影响。构建黑色素瘤B16F10细胞小鼠皮下移植瘤模型，观察阻断DKK1对小鼠移植瘤生长和移植瘤组织中免疫细胞浸润与表型的影响。结果：DKK1 mRNA表达水平在多种肿瘤组织中显著高于癌旁组织，DKK1高表达与多数肿瘤患者的不良预后相关且在多数肿瘤中DKK1对CD4+ T细胞抗肿瘤免疫应答功能有重要负性调节作用（P<0.05或P<0.01）。流式细胞术检测结果显示，DKK1蛋白刺激可显著降低CD4+ T细胞中T-bet、IFN-γ及CD107a表达水平（均P<0.01）。在小鼠皮下黑色素瘤模型中发现，阻断DKK1可以显著抑制小鼠移植瘤的生长（P<0.01），有效改善抗肿瘤免疫应答，表现为Th1细胞（T-bet+ CD4+）占比显著升高（P<0.001），效应性CD8+ T细胞（CD44+ CD62L-）占比显著升高（P<0.01），Th2细胞（GATA3+ CD4+）与Treg细胞占比显著下降（均P<0.01）。结论：阻断DKK1可有效促进CD4+ T细胞向Th1型极化，DKK1具有作为肿瘤免疫治疗靶点的潜在价值。

Postoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index and Fibrinogen Could Well Predict Poor Prognosis of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Patients After Surgery

ABSTRACT Introduction: Inflammatory and immunological factors play pivotal roles in the prognosis of acute type A aortic dissection. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic values of immune-inflammatory parameters in acute type A aortic dissection patients after surgery. Methods: A total of 127 acute type A aortic dissection patients were included. Perioperative clinical data were collected through the hospital's information system. The outcomes studied were delayed extubation, reintubation, and 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to screen the risk factors of poor prognosis. Results: Of all participants, 94 were male, and mean age was 51.95±11.89 years. The postoperative prognostic nutritional indexes were lower in delayed extubation patients, reintubation patients, and patients who died within 30 days. After multivariate regression analysis, the postoperative prognostic nutritional index was a protective parameter of poor prognosis. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of postoperative prognostic nutritional index were 0.898 (0.815, 0.989) for delayed extubation and 0.792 (0.696, 0.901) for 30-day mortality. Low postoperative fibrinogen could also well predict poor clinical outcomes. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of postoperative fibrinogen were 0.487 (0.291, 0.813) for delayed extubation, 0.292 (0.124, 0.687) for reintubation, and 0.249 (0.093, 0.669) for 30-day mortality. Conclusion: Postoperative prognostic nutritional index and postoperative fibrinogen could be two promising markers to identify poor prognosis of acute type A aortic dissection patients after surgery.

Application of augmented reality navigation in laparoscopic and robot-assisted liver surgery / 中华外科杂志

In recent years, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery have been widely used, and various intraoperative image navigation systems have also developed rapidly. However, the liver itself has a complex vessel and duct system, which increase the difficulty of liver surgery. The augmented reality image navigation system combines the three-dimensional reconstructed image of the liver with the real liver anatomy, which presents the specific relationship between the tumor location and the surrounding vessels for the surgeon. Compared with other intraoperative image navigation methods, augmented reality has its unique advantages. This paper provides an overview of current advances in registration technology in augmented reality image navigation system, and focuses on its applications in liver surgery, including laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery. Finally, the technological problems and difficulties still faced at present are summarized, and future directions worth studying in this field are proposed.

Anatomic classification of the acromial angle and its clinical significance / 解剖学报

Objective To study the acromial angle morphologic type and measurement analysis based on CT 3D reconstruction. Methods Totally 278 cases of adult CT three-dimensional reconstruction of the shoulder morphological data were collected, and the measurement data of the different types was analyzed, its statistical significance was clarified, and the morphological characteristics to division the type of acromial angle were summarized, its diagnosis and treatment under the acromion impingement of guiding significance were discussed. Results The acromial angle was divided into three types (C shaped acromial angle, L shaped acromial angle, and double angle shaped acromial angle). Among them, L type was the most, accounting for 48. 56%, followed by C type, and double angle type was the least. In comparison of the breadth of the acromion and the length of the acromion, L type was significantly longer than C type (P<0. 05). The thickness of acromion at a point of the double angle shaped acromial angle was greater than that of the other two type (P<0. 05). In the comparison of ∠a, the double-angle type was greater than the C type（P＜0.05）, and the C type was greater than the L type（P＜0.05）. Conclusion There are significant differences in the classification and anatomical parameters of acromial angle, and the differences are statistically significant. It has certain guiding significance to the etiology and clinical diagnosis and treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome.

Comparison of Relative Molecular Weight Distribution and Immune Activity of Polysaccharides in Polygonati Rhizoma Before and After Processing / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in Polygonati Rhizoma （PR） before and after processing， as well as the effects of different polysaccharide fractions on immune function and inflammatory response of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Method:High-performance gel permeation chromatography （HPGPC） was used to determine the relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in PR （named SC） and polysaccharides in PR processed with wine （named JC）， and polysaccharide fractions with different relative molecular weights were obtained by dialysis. Different polysaccharide fractions were applied to mouse peritoneal macrophages， which was normal or induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to select the optimal administration concentration. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>） and interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>） in the cell supernatant. The Griess method was used to detect the concentration of nitric oxide （NO）. Result:SC and JC could be divided into four parts according to relative molecular weight and its distribution range， including part Ⅰ（14 800-2 273 kDa）， part Ⅱ（2 148-296 kDa）， part Ⅲ（12-1 kDa） and part Ⅳ（818-362 Da）. Based on the differences of part Ⅰ and part Ⅲ after processing， the SC and JC were divided into two-part according to the weight-average relative molecular weight （<italic>M</italic>_W）. For normal mouse peritoneal macrophages， JC could significantly promote the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while SC had no significant effect. Four polysaccharide fractions， named SD （SC fraction with <italic>M</italic>_W>50 kDa）， JD （JC fraction with <italic>M</italic>_W>50 kDa）， SX （SC fraction with <italic>M</italic>_W<50 kDa） and JX （JC fraction with <italic>M</italic>_W<50 kDa）， also could<italic> </italic>significantly promote the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， but only JX could significantly promote the secretion of NO （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. In addition， the effect of JX group stimulated secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> was better than the JD group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. For the LPS-induced macrophage model， JC and SC group could<italic> </italic>significantly inhibit the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the effect of JC was stronger. To compare different polysaccharide fractions， the impact of JX on inhibiting the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic> was<italic> </italic>significantly stronger than JD （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and SX inhibited the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> was significantly stronger than SD （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:The relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in PR before and after processing have changed. JC and SC improve the immune regulation mainly by inhibiting the inflammatory response， the fraction of <italic>M</italic>_W<50 kDa is the main effective part， and the effect of PR polysaccharides in inhibiting the inflammatory is enhanced after processing with wine.

Predicted 10-year Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Its Association with Sleep Duration among Adults in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The study aims to predict 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and explore its association with sleep duration among Chinese urban adults.@*Methods@#We analyzed part of the baseline data of a cohort that recruited adults for health screening by cluster sampling. The simplified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Framingham 10-year risk score (FRS) were used to measure sleep duration and CVD risk. Demographic characteristics, personal history of chronic diseases, lifestyle factors were collected using a questionnaire. Height, weight, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were also measured. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to explore the association of sleep duration with the predicted CVD risk.@*Results@#We included 31, 135 participants (median age 44 years, 53.02% males) free of CVD, cerebral stroke, and not taking lipid-lowering agents. Overall, 14.05%, and 25.55% of participants were at medium and high predicted CVD risk, respectively. Short sleep was independently associated with increased odds of medium to high risk of predicted 10-year CVD among males ( @*Conclusion@#A substantial number of adults free of CVD were at high 10-year CVD risk. Short sleep was associated with increased odds of predicted CVD risk.

Research on Textual Research and Methods of Chinese Herbs in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As the essential part of tratidional Chinese medicine(TCM), the research and development of classic formula have become a hot spot in TCM industry. However, with the change of the age, the species, medical part and origin of TCM have more or less changed. It is of great significance for the safety and effectiveness of the classical prescription to clarify the varieties and medicinal parts of TCM. In this paper, based on the discussion of the methods of textual research on the Chinese herbs, the species and medical parts, origin of Chinese herbs in a list of 100 famous classical formulas which promulgated by the state administration of TCM were analyzed. The textual research of Chinese herbs shows that most of the herbs involved in the classical formula have the problems of species, medical part, and origin. Therefore, it is of great significance for the selection of the species and medical parts, origin of the Chinese herbs in the research and development process of the classical formula.

DNA Barcode Technology and Its Application Prospects in Forensic Medicine / 法医学杂志

Traditional species identification has gone through five stages -- morphology, cytology, biochemistry, immunology and molecular biology. At present, the use of DNA technology for species identification has become a research hotspot. In the use of DNA for species identification, the presentation and application of DNA barcode is of epoch-making significance. With the successful application of new technology in species identification, forensic species identification has also made corresponding development, and is expected to play an important role in forensic related fields. This paper briefly describes the general situation and principles of DNA barcode technology as well as its advantages and limitations when applied to biological classification, and discusses the future significance and feasibility of DNA barcode technology in forensic applications, in order to provide new ideas for future forensic identification.

Consecutive nightly measurements are needed for accurate evaluation of nocturnal erectile capacity when the first-night laboratory recording is abnormal / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Multiple measurements of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) are widely accepted as a method to differentiate psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) from organic ED. However, direct evidence remains limited regarding the first-night effect on NPTR measurement using the RigiScan. Here, we evaluated the first-night effect on the results of NPTR measurement to validate the necessity of NPTR measurement for two consecutive nights, particularly when abnormal first-night measurements are recorded in a laboratory setting. We retrospectively reviewed 105 patients with a complaint of ED, who underwent NPTR measurement using the RigiScan in the Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China), for two consecutive nights, during the period from November 2015 to May 2016. NPTR parameters were collected and analyzed. We found that more effective nocturnal erections were detected during the second night than during the first night (P <0.001). Twenty percent of all patients had no effective erection during the first night, but exhibited at least one effective erection during the second night. The negative predictive value of NPTR measurement during the first night was 43.2%; this was significantly lower than that on the second night (84.2%; P = 0.003). Most NPTR parameters were better on the second night than on the first night. The first-night effect might be greater among patients younger than 40 years of age. In conclusion, two consecutive nightly measurements of NPTR can avoid a false-abnormal result caused by the first-night effect; moreover, these measurements more accurately reflect erectile capacity, especially when the first-night record is abnormal in a laboratory setting.

Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis / 中国实用内科杂志

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP) is an interstitial lung disease(ILD) that is characterized by a complex immunological response within the lung parenchyma to inhalation of an antigen that the individual is sensitized toward. Diagnosis of HP can be challenging and requires the consideration of a detailed history(emphasizing potential antigen exposures), high resolution computed tomography(HRCT) findings, and laboratory and pathological examination. Despite increasing recognition, there is a lack of consensus regarding the definition and diagnostic criteria for HP. This article summarizes the recent developments in diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Current situation and disease burden of allergic alveolitis in greenhouse farmers in China / 中国实用内科杂志

Farmer's lung disease(FLD) is a common form of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP)(also termed “greenhouse lung”). FLD often occurs in greenhouse farmers due to the long-term exposure to high temperatures, humidity, poor air ventilation and high intensity of microorganism in soils in the closed environment of greenhouses. Greenhouse lung has a high disability rate and poor prognosis if not diagnosed or treated in time, which is a heavy burden to the society. Therefore, it is imperative to pay attention to early identification and epidemiological monitoring, and to evaluate the disease burden, which is of great significance to formulating public health measures to prevent the disease.

Effects of Clinical Characteristics, Laboratory Parameters and Treatment Regimens on Prognosis of Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of clinicopathological features, laboratory parameters and treatment regimens on the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 97 patients with multiple myeloma treated with chemotherapy in Department of Hematology, the 1st Hospital of Hainan Medical College were analyzed retrospectively. The clinicopathological features (age, sex, severe anemia, light chain type, hypoproteinemia, paraplegia, renal injury, amyloidosis, complex karyotype, bone disease classification, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) physical status score, complete remission, etc.), laboratory parameters (C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, blood calcium, serum β2 microglobulin, etc.), and treatment schemes (thalidomide maintenance treatment) were recorded. The patients were followed up for 1-60 months, and their total survival time were recorded. A single factor and multiple factors were used to analyze the factors affecting the total and early mortality of the patients. The survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method and the survival analysis was carried out by Log-rank test.@*RESULTS@#Among 97 patients, 29 cases (29.90%) achieved complete remission, and 56 cases (57.73%) achineved partial remission. The total effective rate was 87.63% (85/97). At the end of the follow-up, 19 cases (19.59%) died, and 1, 3 and 5 year survival rates were 80.41%, 71.13% and 37.11% respectively. The median overall survival time was 29 (1-60) months. The results of single factor analysis showed that age, hypoproteinemia, severe anemia, paraplegia, renal injury, amyloidosis, complex karyotype, complete remission and thalidomide maintenance therapy were the factors affecting the prognosis of the patients (all P＜0.05). Further multiple factor Logistic regression analysis showed that age and hypoproteinemia, severe anemia, paraplegia, amyloidosis, complex karyotype and thalidomide maintenance treatment were factors affecting the prognosis (P＜0.05). Of the 97 patients, 8 cases died early. The results of single factor analysis showed that amyloidosis and severe anemia were risk factors for early death (all P＜0.05), and further multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that amyloidosis was an independent risk factor for early death (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#There are many adverse factors affecting the prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma, such as age, hypoproteinemia, severe anemia, paraplegia, amyloidosis, complex karyotype and so on. The risk of early death in the patients with amyloidosis is higher, and salidomide maintenance therapy can help to prolong the life span of the patient.

Correlation between color of Scutellariae Radix pieces and content of five flavonoids after softening and cutting by different methods / 中国中药杂志

Scutellariae Radix is one of the commonly used heat-clearing and damp-drying drugs in clinical practice. Establishment of the quality evaluation system for Scutellariae Radix is of great significance to ensure safety and effectiveness of clinical drug use.Scutellariae Radix pieces were prepared under different processing conditions with 3 softening methods: boiling,atmospheric steaming and pressurized steaming. High performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) method was used to determine the content of five flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix,and L*,a*,b*values representing color chromaticity of Scutellariae Radix powder were measured by colorimeter,then total color value E*was calculated. Simple correlation and canonical correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between color of Scutellariae Radix powder and content of five flavonoids. The results showed that the contents of baicalin and wogonoside were significantly positively correlated with L*,b*and E*values,but negatively correlated with a*value. The contents of wogonin,apigenin,and melaleuca A were positively correlated with a*value,but negatively correlated with L*,b*,and E*values( P<0. 01). There was a significant negative correlation between the content of flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid aglycones( P<0. 01).All of these indicated that the color of Scutellariae Radix powder was significantly correlated with content of five flavonoids. The experiment results proved that when color difference between Huangqin pieces and medicinal materials was kept at ΔL*<6,Δb*<3,ΔE*<6,the total amount of the two glycosides in the pieces was about ±1. 5% of the medicinal materials; in this case,the total amount of the two glycosides was relatively high and stable,indicating that the color of Huangqin decoction pieces is a concrete manifestation of its intrinsic quality,and the chromaticity value detected by colorimeter can be used as a means to quickly evaluate the quality of Scutellariae Radix pieces. The results provide a new detection index for the characteristic quality evaluation system of Scutellariae Radix pieces.

Clinical observation of percutaneous coblation nucleoplasty for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effects of percutaneous coblation nucleoplasty in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and investigate its mechanism of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Form January 2015 to January 2017, 21 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were treated by percutaneous coblation nucleoplasty, including 8 males and 13 females with an average age of 49.6 years old ranging from 43 to 61 years old. The course of disease was for 1 to 6 months with a median age of 4 months. Three cases were single segment, 9 cases were double segments, 7 cases were three-segment, 2 cases were four-segment. Intervertebral disc pressure, VAS were compared before and after operation. Angular displacement(AD) and horizontal displacement(HD) were measured by image data and in order to evaluate the cervical stability. Modified MacNab criteria was used to assess clinical effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up from 1 to 12 months with an average of 8.6 months. Preoperative intervertebral disc pressure was (32.0±5.26) cmH2O and immediately after operation was (21.0±7.18) cmH2O, there was statistical significance between before and after operation(=0.003). Preoperative angular displacement and horizontal displacement was (3.85±1.26) ° and (1.23±0.58) mm, six months after operation was (4.18±1.31) ° and (1.69±0.46) mm, respectively. There was no statistical significance before and after operation(>0.05). Preoperative VAS scores were 7.49±0.53, postoperative at 3 days, 3, 6 months were 3.51±0.49, 2.63±0.61, 2.56±0.71, respectively, and postoperative obtained obvious improvement(<0.05). According to modified MacNab criteria, 6 cases obtained excellent results, 7 good, 4 fair 3 poor at 3 days;10 cases obtained excellent results, 5 good, 3 fair, 2 poor at 3 months; 12 cases obtained excellent results, 6 good, 1 fair, 1 poor at 6 months after operation. Postoperative clinical effect at 6 months was better than 3 d, and 3 months(<0.05), and postoperative at 3 months was better than 3 d(<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous coblation nucleoplasty in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy can effectively relieve the pain of neck, shoulder and upper limb and can also relieve some associated symptoms such as headache and dizziness.</p>

Effects of clonal integration on the proximal and distal ramets of Cynodon dactylon under shade stress

ABSTRACT In a pot experiment, clonal ramets of Cynodon dactylon, a stolon herbaceous plant, were treated with heterogeneous lighting. Proximal ramets (elder ramets) were subjected to shade stress at three different degrees, and stolons between proximal and distal ramets of each pair were treated in a connected or severed manner. Results showed that in moderate shade stress, the number of ramets and leaves, biomass, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII (ФPSII), and soil and plant analysis development values (SPAD) of proximal ramets were significantly reduced, regardless of whether stolons were kept intact or severed. However, the growth of distal ramets was not significantly influenced, and keeping the stolons intact also did not bring apparent benefits for the whole clonal fragments. These results show that clonal integration does not help alleviate the shade stress suffered by proximal ramets and the costs of distal ramets and does not significantly influence the whole clonal fragments. The possible reasons are that distal ramets may be at the cost of metabolism for resource transportation when the proximal ramets suffer from shade stress; thus, clonal integration is not favorable.

Application of high performance liquid-ion trap mass spectrometry in analyzing saponins in sodium aescinate / 中国中药杂志

Sodium aescinate, which is produced from saponins of Chinese Buckeye Seed, is a prescription drug for treatment of brain edema and all kinds of swellings caused by surgery. In this article, high-performance liquid chromatography/ion trap (HPLC-IT) mass spectrometry was applied to study the characteristic ions of ten reference substances, namely escin Ⅰa, escin Ⅰb, isoescin Ⅰa, isoescin Ⅰb, aesculiside A, aesculiside B, aesculuside A, escin Ⅳc, escinⅡa and escin Ⅴ, which were isolated from aescinate. Furthermore, 19 saponin compounds were predicted in sodium aescinate, besides the above mentioned reference substances. The study showed that sapogenins in sodium aescinate had two structural types, namely protoaescigenin and barringenol C, and the substituent acetyl, tigloyl or angeloyl was usually located at C-21, C-22 or C-28 position. Among these predicted saponins, their sugar chains were all located at C-3 position consisting of glucose and glucuronide. This study provides experimental data for chemical constituents in sodium aescinate and scientific basis for quality and safety evaluation.

Salidroside inhibits hypoxia-induced phenotypic modulation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in vitro / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of salidroside on the phenotypic modulation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) in hypoxic SD rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CCSMCs were cultured in vitro and identified by immunohistochemistry. The cells were divided into six groups: normal control (21% O2), hypoxia (1% O2), hypoxia + salidroside 1 mg/L, hypoxia + salidroside 3 mg/L, hypoxia + salidroside 5 mg/L and hypoxia + PGE1 0.4 microg/L, and then cultured for 48 hours. The relative expressions of alpha-actin and osteopontin (OPN) in each group were determined by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The in vitro cultured CCSMCs grew well, with anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin monoclonal antibodies immunohistochemically positive. The relative expression of alpha-actin was markedly decreased while that of OPN remarkably increased in the hypoxia group as compared with the normal control group (P < 0.01). The hypoxia + salidroside 5 mg/L group showed a significantly higher expression of alpha-actin and lower expression of OPN than the hypoxia group (P < 0.01), but exhibited no significant differences from the hypoxia + PGE group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypoxia can reduce the relative expression level of alpha-actin and increase that of OPN in the CCSMCs of SD rats, namely, induce their phenotypic modulation from the contraction to the non-contraction type. Salidroside can restrain hypoxia-induced phenotypic modulation of CCSMCs, and its inhibitory effect at 5 mg/L is similar to that of PGE1.</p>

Relationship between levels of Annexin A1, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and Bax and human carotid atherosclerotic plaques / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between levels of Annexin A1,Bax and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and both formation and stability of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques.Methods Forty-five specimens from patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques (test group,group A),admitted to our hospital from May 2010 to June 2011 and performed carotid endarterectomy (CEA),and 20 specimens from patients with mesenteric artery and 20 healthy subjects (control groups,group B and group C,respectively) were collected in our study.The carotid atherosclerotic plaque specimens were divided into soft plaque group A1 (n=15),mixed plaque group A2 (n=15) and hard plaque group A3 (n=15) according to the results of carotid artery ultrasound.The Lp-PLA2 level in group A and group C was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the mRNA and protein expressions of Annexin A1 and Bax in group A and group B were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.Results The level of Lp-PLA2 in all patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques was significantly increased as compared with that in group C (P＜0.05); that in group A1 was significantly higher than that in group A3 (P＜0.05).The mRNA and protein expressions of Annexin A1 and Bax in all patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were significantly increased as compared with those in group B (P＜0.05); group A1 exhibited lower mRNA and protein expressions of Annexin A1 than group A3 (P＜0.05),while group A1 exhibited higher mRNA and protein expressions of Bax than group A3 (P＜0.05).Conclusion Annexin A1,Lp-PLA2 and Bax participate in the formation and stability of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques.

Hypoxia induces fibrosis of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in SD rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of hypoxia on the fibrosis of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) in SD rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CCSMCs were cultured in vitro, identified by immunohistochemistry, and then exposed to hypoxia at the concentration of 1% O2 for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Those exposed to normal oxygen concentration for the corresponding lengths of time were used as the control. The relative expressions of TGF-131, type I collagen and type DI collagen were determined by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The in vitro cultured CCSMCs grew well, and the anti-a-smooth muscle actin monoclonal antibodies were positive on immunohistochemical staining. The relative expression levels of TGF-beta1, type I collagen and type mI collagen were positively correlated with the time of hypoxia interference within 48 hours, and did not increase further with prolonged exposure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When exposed to hypoxia, the relative expressions of TGF-beta1, type I collagen and type mI collagen in the CCSMCs of SD rats increased with the length of time, and reached the peak at 48 hours. Hypoxia can cause fibrosis of CCSMCs in SD rats.</p>

The research on the combination of quality control and centralized management of medical equipments in hospital / 中国医疗器械杂志

This article introduces the forms of the centralized management mode and the methods of quality control, and summarizes the effect.