Relationship between Childhood Abuse Experience,Parent Attachment and Depression in Adolescents / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between childhood abuse experience,parent and peer attachment and depression in adolescents.Methods A total of 736 junior students from the 7th,8th and 9th grades of 2 public schools in Xinxiang City and Jiyuan City Henan province completed the questionnaires.Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(IPPA) and Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children(DSRSC) were employed the childhood abuse experience,parent attachment quality and depressive mood in adolescents,respectively.The hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parent and peer attachment,child abused experience and depression.Results Male participants reported high score of childhood abused than female participants(33.29±7.89 and 31.05±6.01,t=4.343,P=0.000).There were no significantly gender difference in mother attachment(male:59.89±15.86,female:61.45±16.48,t=-1.303,P=0.193),father attachment(male:59.32±17.17,female:60.28±16.95,t=-0.764,P=0.445) and depression(male:7.68±5.27,female:7.31±4.21,t=1.057,P=0.291).Childhood abuse had a positive correlation with adolescent depression(r=0.408,P=0.000),which negatively correlated with mother and father attachment(r=-0.544,-0.417,respectively,Pa=0.000).There was a positive correlation between mother attachment and father attachment(r=0.604,P=0.000),and both of them had negative correlation with depressive disorder(both r=-0.426,Pa=0.000).Mother and father attachment were the partial mediation of the relationship between childhood abuse and adolescent depression.Conclusions Male adolescents suffered more maltreatment than female adolescents.There are no gender difference in parent attachment and depression.Parent attachment plays the partial mediator role in childhood abuse and adolescent depression.Results reveal the importance of assessment and consideration of parent attachment in the intervention of depression in abused adolescents.

Correlations between self-reported symptoms and psychosocial factors of perpetrators with domestic violence in China: a population-based sample / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Domestic violence (DV) is not only a devastating societal problem, but also a severe medical and mental health problem worldwide. Our previous study has shown that perpetrators were with higher prevalence of self-reported symptoms than that of controls. This study based on our former large scale population-based samples is aimed to further explore the correlations between the symptoms and psychosocial factors of the perpetrators with DV. It was helpful to provide some insight into possible strategies for clinicians to reduce the symptoms of the perpetrators with DV in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From our former population-based epidemiological samples, 1098 households with a history of DV in preceding year, 318 perpetrators with DV were randomly selected. Face-to-face interviews were conducted. Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was administrated to check and classify the symptoms of perpetrators, Eysenck's personality questionnaire (EPQ), trait coping style questionnaire (TCSQ), life events scale (LES) and social supporting rating scale (SSRS) were administrated to evaluate the psychosocial factors of perpetrators. The correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between the symptoms and psychosocial factors of perpetrators of DV.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The global and all subscale scores of SCL-90 were significantly positively correlated with EPQ-N, negative TCSQ and negative LES scores (P < 0.01). The global score of SCL-90 was negatively correlated with both objective and subjective SSRS (P < 0.01). The negative LES and negative TCSQ were significantly positively correlated with EPQ-N (P < 0.01). Negative TCSQ was significantly positively correlated with negative LES and negatively correlated with subjective SSRS (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The self-reported symptoms of perpetrators with DV were strongly correlated with their psychosocial factors, such as the neurotic personality, negative coping style, more negative life events and less subjective social supports. It suggested bio-psycho-socially oriented interventions were necessary to buffer the symptoms of perpetrators with DV.</p>

Development, Reliability and Validity of Child-Neglect Scale / 实用儿科临床杂志

reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion - related validity of the CNS are entirely in accordance with the psychometric demands.

Development,Reliability and Validity of Child-Neglect Scale / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To develop a child neglect scale with Chinese culture background to assess the status of the neglected children in China,and examine the reliability and validity of the child-neglect scale(CNS).Methods Considering the cultural background of China,an item pool was established by revising items in correlative literatures and scales.Then,the first draft of the CNS was improved by reserving the effective items well graded by professional experts.A total of 871 students from 2 junior high schools and a vocational and technical college were involved in the study.Those students were surveyed with Parental Rearing Patterns scale and child neglect scale.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to the development and evaluation of the structure of the scale.Results The findings were as follows:the general Cronbach′s Alpha reliability was 0.85,the split-half reliability was 0.81,the test-retest reliability was 0.90. The CNS was made of the 4 sub-scales which was safe neglect scale,physical neglect scale,communion neglect scale and affection neglect scale.the general Cronbach′s Alpha reliability of the child neglect scale was 0.79-0.85,the split-half reliability was 0.64-0.81,and the test-retest reliability was 0.82-0.90.The item loadings of the neglect scale were over 0.30.The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the ratio of Chi-square to degrees of freedom were 1.766,the goodness of fit index was 0.917,the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.916,and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.047.Criterion-related validity studies indicated that the scores of the CNS were significantly correlated with the rearing patterns as well(r=0.049,-0.465 P

An epidemiological study on domestic violence in Hunan, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) in Hunan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using a multi-stage sampling strategy, 9451 households involving 32 720 persons in urban, rural and industrial areas in Hunan, China were studied. Multiform clue investigation and face-to-face interviews were combined to investigate the prevalence of DV.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A lifetime prevalence of DV was reported by 1533 households (16.2%). A total of 1098 households (11.6%) reported at least one incident of DV in the previous year. Both lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DV varied significantly by geographic setting (P < 0.01). The lifetime prevalence abuse rates were: spousal 10.2%, child abuse 7.8%, and elder 1.5%. With regard to household structure, the lifetime prevalence of DV was highest among those remarried families (21.0%), followed by married couples with one child and extended families with several generations living together (20.1% and 20.0%, respectively). The highest rate of spousal abuse was found among remarried families (14.7%), while child and elder abuse was most prevalent among extended families (12.4% and 4.1%, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The findings suggested that although the prevalence of DV in Hunan was modest compared to Western countries, it remained a serious public health problem affecting over 1 in 10 households. Furthermore, the prevalence of various types of DV varied by geographic setting and family structure, suggesting that diverse geographic setting and family constellations carried different risk and protective features.</p>

Preliminary Study on Personality Characteristics of Abused Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the personality characteristics of abused children in order to reduce the incidence of child abuse.Methods Two hundred and ninty five middle school students were investigated with general questionnaire and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire of children. Eighty six students experiencing child abuse (CA) last year as study group and one hundred and ninety six non-abuse children as controls (NCA) were analyzed by means of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire of children.Results The score of neuroticism in CA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (55.62±10.60/52.65±10.98,t=-2.114 P=0.035). The score of lie in CA group was significantly lower than that in control group (42.21±9.87/46.04±9.20,t=3.184 P=0.002). On the impact of different sex, the psychoticism score of male was significantly higher than that in the control group(52.37±11.49/48.04±9.97,t=-2.227 P=0.028), and the lie score was significantly lower than that in control group(41.03±9.18/46.18±8.79,t=3.125 P=0.002).The scores of those in the female were not significant.Conclusions There is a close association between the unstable emotion and child abuse in children, so training emotional self-control and emotional expression of children might be a intervention strategy in the future. In addition, the frequency of lie in children is probably one of factors that determine whether children are abused or not.

Correlation between Personality Traits in Children and Parental Rearing Patterns / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the correlation between personality traits in children and parental rearing patterns.Methods Two hundred and seventy-nine middle school students were investigated with egma minnenav bardndasnauppforstran(EMBU)and Eysenck personality questionnaire,and then Pearson correlation was analyzed.Results High positive correlation were found among scores of parental rearing patterns and those of neuroticism(N)and psychoticism(P).P score correlated significantly with parent's punishment,rejection and negative reaction,over interference and over protection,while high negative correlation with the score of parent's emotional warmth.N correlated significantly with parent's punishment,overprotection and rejection,high positive correlated the score of lie with parent's emotional warmth.Conclusion Parental rearing patterns play very important roles in children's personality development.

Preliminary Study on Parental Personality Traits and Affective Expression in Abuse Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the parental personality traits and affective expression in abuse children.Methods The investigation was carried out in 3 villages in Xinxiang,Henan province,with a total of 1 310 households,of which there were altogether 370 households that had children at 10-15 years old.From them,200 households were randomly selected to screen the children for child abuse,and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS) assessment were made among the parents who were primary caregi-vers.Independent samples t-test and Chi-square test were conducted to the 196 valid questionnaires.Results The average educated years of parents in abuse group and non-abuse group were (7.75?5.437)years old and (7.28? 2.532) years old,there was no significant diffe-rence (P=0.413).The average age of fathers in abuse group and non-abuse group were (36.16?8.96)years and (39.06?7.99)years repectively,there was no significant difference(P=0.170),and those of mothers in both groups were (36.06?5.15)years and (37.62?5.70) years respectively,there was no significant difference(P=0.121).There were 31 fathers and 49 mothers who were guardian in abuse group,while there were 35 fathers and 81 mothers in non-abuse group (?2=1.56 P=0.212).No significant differences were found in parental psychoticism [t(father)=1.221 P= 0.227;t (mother)=-0.471 P=0.639],neuroticism[t (father)=-0.524 P=0.602;t(mother)=-0.556 P=0.579],extraversion/ introversion[t(father)=-0.449 P=0.655;t(mother)=-0.859 P=0.392] and lie [t(father)=-1.263 P= 0.211;t(mother)=0.733 P= 0.465],the ability to identify and describe feelings[t(father)=0.946 P=0.348;t(mother)=0.815 P=0.417],to distinguish between bodily sensations[t(father)=0.215 P=0.831;t(mother)=2.107 P=0.037],to daydream [t(father)=-0.088 P=0.930;t(mother)=-0.971 P=0.333]and to focus on externally oriented thinking[t(father)=-0.648 P= 0.519;t(mother)=-0.164 P= 0.870] in TAS.Conclusions In a general way parents who abuse their children do not necessarily have problems with their personalities or affective expression.Not only abnormal parents are likely to assault their children,but also normal parents may do it as well.