Association between Serum Uric Acid and the Early Marker of Kidney Function Decline among Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Population: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and kidney function decline.@*METHODS@#Data was obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study on the Chinese middle-aged and older population for analysis. The kidney function decline was defined as an annual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decrease by > 3 mL/min per 1.73 m 2. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to determine the association between SUA and kidney function decline. The shape of the association was investigated by restricted cubic splines.@*RESULTS@#A total of 7,346 participants were included, of which 1,004 individuals (13.67%) developed kidney function decline during the follow-up of 4 years. A significant dose-response relation was recorded between SUA and the kidney function decline ( OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.27), as the risk of kidney function decline increased by 14% per 1 mg/dL increase in SUA. In the subgroup analyses, such a relation was only recorded among women ( OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.45), those aged < 60 years ( OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.42), and those without hypertension and without diabetes ( OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.41). Although the dose-response relation was not observed in men, the high level of SUA was related to kidney function decline ( OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.05-3.17). The restricted cubic spline analysis indicated that SUA > 5 mg/dL was associated with a significantly higher risk of kidney function decline.@*CONCLUSION@#The SUA level was associated with kidney function decline. An elevation of SUA should therefore be addressed to prevent possible kidney impairment and dysfunction.

Diagnosis and treatment of four cases of asymptomatic and non-hydrous ureteral calculi / 北京大学学报(医学版)

This paper analyzed the clinical data, diagnosis and treatment of 4 asymptomatic patients with ureteral calculi without hydrops in our hospital from October 2018 to January 2019, and comprehensively discussed the previous literature. The 4 patients in this group had no obvious clinical symptoms, no positive stones were found in the B-ultrasound of the urinary system, and no hydroureter and hydroureter of the affected side was found. Urinary CT scan confirmed ureteral stones. They were all located in the lower ureter, and the stones obstructed the lumen. The stones were round and smooth, and there was no obvious hyperplasia and edema in the surrounding mucosa. The lithotripsy was completed in the first-stage operation, and the DJ catheter was left behind for one month after the operation. Based on the clinical diagnosis and treatment process of the 4 cases of asymptomatic calculi in this group and the analysis of previous studies, these patients were mostly detected by imaging examinations or other systematic imaging examinations during the regular review of urinary calculi. Ureteral stones with obstruction did not necessarily have stone-related symptoms. The onset of renal colic involved an increase in intraluminal pressure, related stimulation of nerve endings, smooth muscle spasms caused by stretching of the ureteral wall, and systemic changes in cytokines and related hormones. Cascade reactions, etc., were associated with the movement of stones down. Ureteral stones without hydrops were mostly located in the lower ureter, which had a certain buffering effect on obstructive pressure. Asymptomatic ureteral calculi could also induce irreversible damage to renal function, and the proportion of damage increased with the diameter of the stone. Patients with a history of urinary calculi, especially those with asymptomatic stones for the first time, should be paid attention to during clinical follow-up. At present, there are few research reports on asymptomatic and non-accumulating ureteral calculi. We analyze the clinical diagnosis and treatment process and characteristics of this group of patients combined with previous literature to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.

Long-term analysis of safety and efficacy of standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with solitary kidneys / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of patients with solitary kidney stones.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 22 patients with solitary kidney stones treated with PCNL in Peking University People's Hospital from September 2008 to June 2014, with the follow-up data of more than 5 years were analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative indicators, postoperative stone free rate (SFR) and incidence of complications were recorded. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate the long-term stones recurrence rate. Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used to assess the long-term renal function.@*RESULTS@#In this group of 22 patients, the average age was (50.3±11.8) years, with 10 cases of anatomic solitary kidneys, 12 functional solitary kidneys, and the median stone diameter was 1.65 (1.1-3.9) cm. All the patients had multiple stones, including 7 cases of staghorn stones. The median pre-operative serum creatinine was 104.5 (60.0-460.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (60.3±29.4) mL/min, showing no statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery. The mean operative time was (88.2±42.0) min, and there were 11 cases of single-channel and double-channel PCNL. The median serum creatinine on the first day after surgery was 102.0 (63.0-364.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (58.0±25.1) mL/min. The mean postoperative hospital stay was (8.7±5.2) days. In this group, 5 patients (22.7%) presented short-term complications, among which 4 patients presented postoperative infection and massive hemorrhage at the same time, which improved after conservative treatment, and 1 patient presented pleural injury and improved after closed thoracic drainage. Two patients (9.1%) developed long-term complications, and ureteral stricture occurred 3 months after operation, which improved after balloon dilatation. The median follow-up time was 6.2 (4.7-11.1) years. The median serum creatinine at the last follow-up was 104.0 (72.4-377.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (60.1±23.7) mL/min, showing no statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery. Renal function decreased in 6 patients (27.3%). Initial and final SFR were 72.7% and 100%, respectively. During the 6.2-year follow-up, 9 patients (40.9%) experienced recurrence of kidney stone. After stone recurrence, 13 lithotomy surgeries were performed, and the SFR by the latest follow-up was 63.6%.@*CONCLUSION@#This study had the longest follow-up time for patients with solitary kidney stones after PCNL reported at home and abroad. Ultrasound-guided standard PCNL was safe and effective in the treatment of solitary kidney stones. Long-term follow-up results showed that the recurrence rate of kidney stones was still high, but the long-term renal function was stable after operation, and some patients showed mild renal function decline.

Advances in Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Bladder Cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

Bladder cancer has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Its incidence is high in western countries and has shown an increasing trend in China. While radical cystectomy combined with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) is the standard treatment for bladder cancer,the optimal range of PLND remains controversial. In addition,the prognostic value of lymph node factors is also unclear. This article reviews research advances in PLND.

A case of gastric duplication presenting as a retroperitoneal cystic lesion / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Gastric duplication is a rare congenital anomaly accounting to 4% of all gastrointestinal tract duplications. It is usually diagnosed pre-natally or during infancy. Retroperitoneal gastric duplication is very rare in adult patients. It is generally asymptomatic or presents with non-specific symptoms. The sensitivity of classical imaging modalities for retroperitoneal gastric duplication is weak. Retroperitoneal gastric duplication could be misdiagnosed as other retroperitoneal cystic lesions and it could be definitely diagnosed by typical findings of abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) plus EUS:guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in gastric duplicated cyst. A female adult patient was diagnosed by an exceptional hospital CT as retroperitoneal cystic lesion and was admitted in our hospital in March 2019. The abdominal enhanced CT in our hospital preoperatively indicated a cystic lesion above the left kidney and the maximum cross section was 9.0 cm×5.2 cm. Lymphocysts and others should be identified and the lesion might be from the stomach. The retroperitoneal gastric duplication was not diagnosed before operation. In the operation laparoscopy revealed the cystic lesion in the retroperitoneum. The pancreas, left adrenal gland, and left kidney were compressed by the cystic lesion. The top of the lesion was connected with the small curvature of the stomach, but it was not communicated with the stomach. The retroperitoneal cystic lesion was completely excised and the surrounding organs were not damaged. The retroperitoneal gastric duplication was clearly diagnosed by the findings in the operation and the pathology of the lesion. The patient was discharged a week after surgery without gastrointestinal and pancreatic injuries. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal cysts should consider the possibility of retroperitoneal gastric duplication. For patients with typical CT findings or unclear boundaries between the tumor and the stomach wall, gastric duplication could be diagnosed by EUS plus EUS:guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in the cyst. Retroperitoneal gastric duplication cyst could be completely excised by laparoscopy through abdominal cavity and the stomach wall could be completely repaired.

Clinical and pathological analysis of small renal cell carcinoma / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical and pathological features of small renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially of those with diameter less than 4 cm and to understand the characteristics and factors related to recurrence and progression.@*METHODS@#A total of 200 patients with RCC were stratifiedly selected for retrospective analysis. Their baseline demographic features, tumor-specific clinical features, pathological features of renal lesions, especially microscopic features were collected. The patients were divided according to the largest diameter of renal tumor lesions. Univariate analysis was used to compare the differences between tumor staging and microscopic pathological features between the groups. Binary multivariate Logistic regression was used to investigate factors related to tumor progression and prognosis in the patients with small RCC.@*RESULTS@#The tumor diameters of 127 RCC patients were less than 4 cm and most of them had clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The increase in tumor diameter resulted in significantly higher T stage (P<0.01), higher WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade (P<0.05) and increasing chance of lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). Even when the tumor diameter was less than 4 cm, the patients might still have perirenal fat invasion, renal sinus invasion and greater elevated tumor grade (greater than grade 3) and synchronous lung metastasis. The incidences of intravascular thrombus (9.3% vs. 0) and tumor necrosis (27.8% vs. 5.5%) in the patients with RCC between 4-7 cm were significantly higher than those with RCC less than 4 cm (P<0.01). Sub-group analysis of small RCC (less than 4 cm) indicated that the patients with RCC between 2-4 cm were more likely to have intratumoral hemorrhage (44.7% vs. 23%, P<0.05) and necrosis than those with RCC less than 2 cm (8.2% vs. 0, P=0.095). Logistic regression analysis of small RCC showed that the incidence of tumor invasion to renal capsule was higher in ccRCC (OR=5.15, 95%CI: 1.36-19.52). Necrosis was closely related to the formation of peritumor pseudocapsule in small RCC (OR=14.90, 95%CI: 1.41-157.50). Increase in the tumor diameter was related to higher tumor grade (greater than grade 3) (OR=3.49, 95%CI: 1.11- 10.93).@*CONCLUSION@#The tumor stage and grade of small RCC (less than 4 cm) are low, but extra-renal invasion and synchronous distant metastasis may occur. Internal hemorrhage and necrosis in tumor, ccRCC subtype, along with microscopic features, such as the renal capsule invasion and perirenal pseudocapsule formation are relevant factors of malignant behavior of small RCC and could be considered in prognosis evaluation.

Clinical and pathological analysis of renal cell carcinoma bone metastasis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of renal cell carcinoma bone metastasis (RCC-BM) patients.@*METHODS@#Data of RCC-BM patients from July 2003 to November 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' baseline characteristics (age, gender), tumor characteristics [specific sites of bone metastasis, time to bone metastasis (TTBM), imaging features of bone disease, coexistence of other metastasis], as well as pathological features (histological classification of primary and bone metastasis, immunohistochemical stain results) were collected. Descriptive analysis and difference analysis were used.@*RESULTS@#A total of 113 RCC-BM patients were enrolled with the gender ratio (male:female) of 4:1, mean age of 59.39 years, and all present of osteolysis bone lesions. The common sites of bone metastasis were vertebra (46.0%) and pelvis (38.9%). Other distant metastasis sites coexisted in 28.3%, while 48.18% RCC-BM patients presented with synchronous metastasis (TTBM=0). The median TTBM for metachronous metastasis was 48 months. The majority in this cohort were determined to have primary tumor of clear cell carcinoma. After immunohistochemical examination to 104 RCC-BM patients and sub-group analysis, tendencies of higher positive rates of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also found in synchronous group (P=0.097) while tendencies of higher positive rates of carbonic anhydrase (CA)-IX was found in the same group (P=0.100). The patients with clear cell RCC-BM had a significantly higher positive expression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR, P<0.05) than those with non-clear cell RCC-BM group.@*CONCLUSION@#More male and younger patients with metastatic lesions in axial skeleton were found in this cohort. Tendencies in the expression of CA-IX and VEGF in different TTBM sub-group and EGFR in different histology-derived subgroup indicate that they might be associated with risk and prognostic factors and support further target therapies of RCC-BM.

Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma combined with multiple bone metastasis: a case report and literature review / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare sub-type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It has been considered to be a kind of "indolent" tumor with low-grade fashion, weak invasive capacity and relatively favorable prognosis. However, in the current case, a 3.7 cm×2.8 cm spherical mass with contrast enhancement was found in the left kidney incidentally by computed tomography (CT) in a 60-year-old male patient. A lesion in the right humerus (2.1 cm×1.6 cm×3.1 cm) was found at the same time without any symptoms or sign of pathological fracture by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Further positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan which was ordered immediately after admission suggested multiple bone destruction including skull, pelvis, sternum, right humerus and femur, left scapula, multiple vertebrae and libs. Pathological examination after radical nephrectomy and palliative resection with internal fixation of the lesion in the right humerus indicated that both renal (3.0 cm×3.0 cm×2.5 cm) and bone lesions were MTSCC with the features of high-grade ovoid epithelioid cells, cord-like spindle cells and mucinous matrix under light microscope. The diagnosis of renal MTSCC concurrent with multiple bone metastasis was made. This case report suggested the necessity of general evaluation, especially bone scan for possible distant metastasis, as MTSCC might present unexpected advanced behaviors without any orthopedic symptoms. The behavior of bone metastasis might be associated with male and elderly age. MTSCC has similar enhancement features to papillary RCC on CT scan. As results, attentions are needed to differentiate MTSCC from papillary RCC as they both tend to show lesser enhancement degrees than cortex. Rather than exhibiting a dedifferentiating appearance, the pathological characteristics of bone metastasis lesion were close to those of primary renal lesion. The reason of distant metastasis to the bone remained unclear, negative expression of cytokeratin (CK) 7 might be attributed to. Though immunotherapy, chemotherapy and target therapy could all be methods for systematic therapies, procedures to remove renal lesions and prevent skeletal related events are still highly recommended.

Congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation: case analysis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation is rare and hard to diagnose at early stage. Blood loss and complications after embolization are both severe. Some cases can be diagnosed by ultrasound, enhanced CT scan or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy can identify the location of bleeding, exclude tumors, and discharge ureteral obstruction. A case of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation was reported to investigate the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula with multiple renal arteries malformation. A 36-year-old female patient with congenital renal arteriovenous fistula with multiple renal arteries malformation was hospitalized in the Department of Urology of Peking University People's Hospital. Five days before admission, the patient experienced whole course painless gross hematuria for 5 days with many blood clots. The patient's blood pressure was 90/70 mmHg, and hemoglobin was 60 g/L. The urinary CT scan showed a right hydronephrosis associated with dilatation of the upper ureter which was obstructed by space occupying lesion of the lower ureter. Many clots in the bladder could also be found in the CT scan. Cystoscopy showed many blood clots in the bladder and confirmed that the bleeding was fromthe right ureteral orifice. Ureteroscopy confirmed that the bleeding was from the right renal pelvis and many blood clots in the right ureter, and found no tumor in the right ureter and renal pelvis. We cleared the blood clots in the right ureter and inserted a ureteral stent.We thought that renal vascular malformation of the right kidney might lead to the hematuria from right renal pelvis. DSA showed a double renal arteries malformation in the right kidney. The diagnosis of "renal arteriovenous fistula" was considered with renal arteriovenous fistula in the right kidney. Selective arteriography revealed the presence of tortuous, coiled, dilated, and multichannelled vessels in the middle of the right kidney. With stainless steel coils, we embolized the vessels which supplied the fistula. Four days after the procedure, gross hematuria disappeared. Five days after the procedure, the patient's anemia improvedand the patient was discharged in good condition. Four months after the procedure, gross hematuria did not recur. The Doppler showed that the right kidney was normal and the renal dynamic showed that the right kidney function was normal. So DSA is the golden standard for diagnosis of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula complicated with multiple renal arteries malformation. Confirming the number of renal arteries by abdominal aorta angiography is necessary to avoid missed diagnosis. Renal arterial embolization is safe and effective.

Minimal fat renalangiomyolipoma with multiple lymph nodes enlargement and postoperative refractory lymphatic fistula: a case report and literature review / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a common benign tumor in the urinary system, mainly composed of adipose tissue, blood vessels and muscle tissue. Renal AML is sporadic in most of patients, while a few are associated with tuberous sclerosis. Classical renal AML occurs predominantly in middle-aged females. Most cases are found incidentally during imaging examinations. The fat content makes AML have unique imaging characteristics and is easy to be identified with other renal tumors. However, the amount of fat varies in each tumor. AML that contains only microscopically detectable fat and whose amount of intratumoral fat may be too small to be identified on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) images is termed minimal fat or fat-poor renal AML, which appears as a high density shadow in the renal parenchyma on unenhanced CT images. Thus, it can be difficult to distinguish it from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on imaging. Since the imaging findings are atypical, the diagnosis depends on pathological results. In addition, a few of AML can mimic malignant neoplasms. Recent studies suggested that AML might involve to peri-renal or renal sinus fat, regional lymphatics and other visceral organs, as well as inferior vena cava, which further makes the diagnosis more difficult. However, there is currently no reports about involvement of regional limphatics in minimal fat renal AML. In this article, we report a 27-year-old female patient without family history of tuberous sclerosis, who came to visit the hematologist because a high density shadow near the left kidney was found during CT scan which was accompanied by neck, armpits, groin, abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes enlargement. She was suspected of lymphoma in the beginning and transferred to Department of Urology to perform laparoscopic left renal mass and retroperitoneal lymph node excision and pathological examination for a definitive diagnosis. Finally, pathologic results revealed AML. Postoperative continuous lymphatic fistula developed and the retroperitoneal drainage of chylous fluid was 100-200 mL per day, lasting for 12 weeks. The fistula was successfully closed after conservative treatment including fasting and rehydration. This article summaries and discusses the diagnosis and treatment of renal AML with lymph nodes enlargement and the management of postoperative refractory lymphatic fistula by reviewing the related cases and literature.

Influence of SOX10 on the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of SOX10 on the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells.@*METHODS@#SOX10 protein in prostate cancer cell lines PC3, DU145 and LNcap was detected by Western blotting analysis. The expression of SOX10 in prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and DU145) were knocked down by small interfering RNAs, and the efficiency of SOX10 by small interfering RNAs was confirmed using Western blotting analysis. CCK-8 assays were conducted to assess the influences of SOX10 on the proliferation of PC3 and DU145 cells, and invasion assays were conducted to assess the influences of SOX10 on the invasion of PC3 and DU145 cells.@*RESULTS@#After SOX10 in prostate cancer cells was knocked down by small interfering RNAs, the proliferation of prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145 was significantly inhibited. Results of CCK-8 assays showed that the absorbance of PC3 and DU145 in SOX10-silenced groups was decreased compared with those in control groups (PC3: 0 d: 0.166±0.01, 0.162±0.012 vs. 0.155 ±0.01, P>0.05; 1 d: 0.210±0.011, 0.211±0.018 vs. 0.252±0.023, P>0.05; 2 d: 0.293±0.017, 0.280±0.028 vs. 0.433±0.030, P<0.01; 3 d: 0.363±0.071, 0.411±0.038 vs. 0.754±0.045, P<0.01; 4 d: 0.592±0.065, 0.670±0.093 vs. 1.456±0.111, P<0.01. DU145: 0 d: 0.168±0.018, 0.164±0.01 vs. 0.153 ±0.012, P>0.05; 1 d: 0.218±0.007, 0.206±0.024 vs. 0.255±0.02, P>0.05; 2 d: 0.297±0.013, 0.291±0.012 vs. 0.444±0.023, P<0.05; 3 d: 0.378±0.058, 0.419±0.026 vs. 0.762±0.039, P<0.01; 4 d: 0.681±0.094, 0.618±0.050 vs. 1.419±0.170, P<0.01). Meanwhile, knocking down SOX10 significantly suppressed the invasion of prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145. Results of invasion assays showed that the numbers of invaded cells in SOX10-silenced groups were significantly less than those in control groups (PC3: 142±38, 171±17 vs. 304±55; DU145: 96±22, 134±23 vs. 341±34, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#SOX10 might promote prostate cancer progression by accelerating the ability of the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells, and SOX10 might be a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.

Chemical constituents of the root of Wrightia pubescens R.Br / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the root of Wrightia pubescens.Methods Compounds were isolated by the combined use of colum chromatography,preparative HPLC and recrystallization,and their structures were identified by their physicochemical and spectroscopic data.Cytotoxic activities of the compounds were evaluated using MTT method in vitro.Re?sults Twelve compounds 1-12 were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble part from 75% ethanol extract of the root of W.pubescens, and identified as scopoletin(1),coumarin(2),cleomiscosin B(3),mollugin(4),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(5),vanillic acid(6), vanillin(7),4-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one(8),β-sitosterol(9),β-daucosterol(10),ursonic acid(11),and me?dioresinol(12). Compound 4 showed cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells in vitro with IC50of 8.0 mg/L. The IC50of compound 11 against MCF-7 and HepG2 cells was 14.7 and 18.2 mg/L,respectively.Conclusion Compounds 1-5,8 and 12 were isolated from the genus Wrightia for the first time. Compounds 6 and 10 were isolated from the title plant for the first time. Compounds 4 and 11 showed cytotoxic activities against tumor cells in vitro.

Chemical constituents from the male anthotaxy of Populus tomentosa Carr / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To study the chemical constituents of the male anthotaxy of Populus tomentosa Carr.Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by ODS,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and recrystallization.Their struc?tures were identified based on the physiochemical properties and spectroscopic data. The antioxidant capacities of some compounds were assayed by a rapid ABTS method.The antitumor activity was tested by the MTT assay.Results Fourteen compounds were isolat?ed from the ethyl acetate part of 70% ethanol extract of the male anthotaxy of P.tomentosa Carr.,and they were identified as pinocem?brin(1),dillenetin(2),chrysoeriol(3),naringenin(4),isosakuranetin(5),apigenin(6),kaempferol(7),apigenin-7-O-β-D(-6″-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside(8),tremuloidine(9),catechol(10),3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybiphenyl(11),coumaric acid(12),ursolic acid (13),and betulonic acid(14),respectively. The results of the ABTS assay showed that 2,6 and 7 could scavenge ABTS+free radicals with the total antioxidant capacity of 0.61,0.14,0.46 respectively.The screening results of antitumor activity in vitro showed that the half inhibitory concentration(IC50)of compounds 1,4 and 5 for adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells A549 was 26.04 mg/L,43.45 mg/L and 24.01 mg/L,for human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells HepG2 were 13.50 μg/ml,23.80 μg/ml and 9.13 μg/ml,and for human colon carcinoma cells HCT116 was 36.11 mg/L,48.95 mg/L and 32.25 mg/L.Conclusion Compounds 2,3,11,13 and 14 were isolated from the Populus genus for the first time,2-5,10,11 and 13-15 were isolated from the plant for the first time.Compounds 2,6 and 7 displayed the antioxidant activity to a certain extent.Compouds 1,4 and 5 showed varying de?grees of inhibitory effects on tumor cells in vitro.

Metabolic syndrome and androgen deprivation therapy in metabolic complications of prostate cancer patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Incidence of prostate cancer in Chinese males grows significantly in the past decades. Androgen deprivation therapy has been generally employed in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer for many years, yet only little data was known about the metabolic syndrome in patients receiving hormonal therapy. This study described the prevalence and the changing trends of hormone-related metabolic complications, and analyzed their correlation with different therapies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 125 patients treated with castration or maximal androgen blockage for at least 12 months, metabolic indicators were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally, 13.5% patients in castration group and 30.1% patients in maximal androgen blockage group were diagnosed metabolic syndrome 12 months after the beginning of treatments (χ(2) = 4.739, P = 0.029). In castration group, increased triglyceride and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significant at the month 12, increased fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure were significant at the month 4. In maximal androgen blockage group, increased triglyceride and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significant at the month 4, increased fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure were significant at the month 8. Total testosterone and free testosterone in maximal androgen blockage group were significantly lower than castration group at all visits, which were proved to show positive or negative correlations with metabolic indications. Severity of metabolic complications in maximal androgen blockage group was generally more serious than people received castration, with significantly statistical difference or not. Trends of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose were significant different between two kinds of therapy (P = 0.005, P = 0.019, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy were at high risk of suffering metabolic syndrome. Severity of metabolic complications under different hormonal therapies were not completely consistent, suggested that androgen deprivation therapy may be individualized.</p>

A novel lactone from Tripterospermum chinense / 药学学报

A novel lactone, tripterospermumcins E (1), along with four known compounds, sweroside (2), loganic acid (3), 8-epi-kingiside (4) and bergenin (5), were isolated from the aerial parts of Tripterospermum chinense. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, and chemical methods. Compound 1 is rare beta-lactone with a glucoside.

Clinical study of stress shielding after mini-plate internal fixation for mandibular fractures / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the stress shielding after mini-plate internal fixation for mandibular fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen patients with mandibular fractures were selected.X-rays were taken before operation and 3, 4, 6 months after operation when the plates were removed. The bone density of the mini plate area was examined and compared among different time interval groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bone density before operation (125.41 ± 2.47) and 3 months after operation (120.19 ± 3.52) was not significantly different, but became lower 4 and 6 months after operation than before operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There appeared stress shielding after internal fixation for 4 and 6 months in mandibular fracture, and the mini plate should be removed at those times.</p>

Acute toxicity of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on mice / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore acute toxicity of succimer on mice.Methods Twenty Kunming mice(10 males and 10 females) weighting approximately (21.2?2.3)g were acclimatized for 3 days prior to dosing,then were divided into control group and experiment group with 10 mice in each group according to body weight.Fasted for 12 hours,the mice in experiment group received intragastric administration of 160mg DMSA in deionized water in 24 hours,and the control group received the same volume of deionized water,and then they were observed for 7 days.Blood was collected into heparinized-tubes by removal of eyeball.All mice were sacrificed and brain,heart,liver and kidney were removed and washed with normal saline.The activity or amount of BUN,Scr,AST,ALT,SOD, GSH-PX and MDA were analyzed.Results (1)Given 160rag DMSA in 24 hours,gastrointestinal symptoms were main side effects.During the observation,experiment group lost weight due to the decrease of food-intake ,and some mice had slight hydroabdomen.(2)High dose of DMSA caused a significant inhibition of GSH-PX(P0.05).The hepatic cell was damaged accord- ing to the significant raise of MDA in liver(P0.05),which was related to acute toxicity on liver.Conclusion Succimer could inhibit the antioxidarrt systems and could do damage to liver and kidney.

Phosphodiesterase type 5 siRNA increases cGMP in the smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the cGMP in the smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum, and to provide an experimental groundwork for the gene therapy of erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Small interfering RNAs targeting PDE5 gene were synthesized by using web design software provided by Ambion, three siRNAs and a control siRNA were synthesized by Ambion. siRNAs were transfected into the smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum by using siPORT Lipid reagent. cGMP was detected by ELISA at different times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) after transfection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cGMP levels of the siRNA1, siRNA2 and siRNA3 groups were significantly higher than those of the siRNA control and blank control groups (P < 0.05), and so was it in the siRNA1 group than the siRNA2 and siRNA3 groups (P < 0.05), with significant difference between the siRNA control and the blank control group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The synthesized siRNAs in vitro are capable of increasing the level of cGMP in the smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum, different siRNAs with different capabilities. The siRNA technique could provide not only an extremely powerful tool for the functional analysis of genome but also a new approach to ED gene therapy.</p>

Detection and significance of 16S rDNA in the prostatic secretions of patients with chronic prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression and significance of 16S rDNA in prostatic secretions (EPS) of chronic prostatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>16S rDNA was detected in EPS of 116 patients with chronic prostatitis by PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>16S rDNA were positively expressed in all 29 cases of II type chronic bacterial prostatitis and 71 out of 87 cases of III type chronic prostatitis (82%). The positive rates were 94% (45/48) and 67% (26/39) in lIIA and IIIB chronic prostatitis respectively. There was a statistical difference in 16S rDNA positive rate between IIIA and IlB chronic prostatitis (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detection of 16s rDNA may be a useful index for the diagnosis and classification of chronic prostatitis.</p>

Construction of an antisense RNA recombinant adenovirus vector of the human PDE5A1 gene promoter / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct an antisense RNA recombinant adenovirus vector of the human PDE5A1 promoter gene.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cDNA fragment containing the human PDE5A1 promoter and the human PDE5A1-specific exon was determined according to the gene bank. The antisense RNA fragment was synthesized artificially and subcloned into the pENTR. Then, the sequence of pENTR fragment was detected, and the recombinant adenovirus vector pAd/CMV/V5/antisense-PDE5A1 was constructed by LR reaction with the Gateway expression system. The identified recombinant adenovirus plasmid was digested with Pac I and transformed into 293A cells to package recombinant adenovirus particles. The recombinant adenovirus particles were tested with PCR technique and purified after acquisition by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sequencing result showed a 145 bp fragment in pENTR, which was proved to be the domain of the antisense RNA fragment. PCR confirmed that the antisense RNA fragment was cloned into the recombinant adenovirus vector pAd/CMV/V5/antisense-PDE5A1 successfully and could infect 293A cells. The titer of virus stocks was up to 10(8) - 10(10)/microl after purification.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the Gateway expression system, the culturing and reproduction of 293A cells can reproduce recombinant adenovirus pAd/CMV/V5-DEST successfully, and the recombinant adenovirus vector can meet the need of in vivo gene transfection in laboratory studies.</p>