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Cells undergo glucose metabolism reprogramming under the influence of the inflammatory microenvironment, changing their primary mode of energy supply from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. This process is involved in all stages of inflammation-related diseases development. Glucose metabolism reprogramming not only changes the metabolic pattern of individual cells, but also disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of the body microenvironment, which further promotes aerobic glycolysis and provides favourable conditions for the malignant progression of inflammation-related diseases. The metabolic enzymes, transporter proteins, and metabolites of aerobic glycolysis are all key signalling molecules, and drugs can inhibit aerobic glycolysis by targeting these specific key molecules to exert therapeutic effects. This paper reviews the impact of glucose metabolism reprogramming on the development of inflammation-related diseases such as inflammation-related tumours, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease, and the therapeutic effects of drugs targeting glucose metabolism reprogramming on these diseases.
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In metabolic diseases, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are closely associated with ferroptosis. As a key regulatory factor, the imbalance between glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism can participate in ferroptosis directly or indirectly, thereby regulating the occurrence and development of various metabolic diseases. The essence of ferroptosis is a new regulatory cell death mode, which is caused by the excessive accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxide. It is closely related to glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism, which plays an important role in metabolic diseases. This regulatory cell death mode is significantly distinguished from other programmed cell death modes and has unique changes in cell morphology, symbolic characteristics and mechanisms. This paper first illustrates the main mechanism of glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism imbalance in the occurrence of ferroptosis, then reviews the research progress of ferroptosis in tumor, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and other metabolic diseases, and finally reveals the internal connection between glycolysis-fatty acid metabolism imbalance and ferroptosis, as well as its impacts on metabolic diseases, which provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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OBJECTIVE@#To conduct a pilot trial to explore the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion robots in treating primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and evaluate its feasibility in clinic.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 participants with PD were allocated to either moxibustion robot (MR) group (35 cases) or manual moxibustion (MM) group (35 cases) using computer-generated randomization. One acupoint Guanyuan (CV 4) was selected to receive moxa heat stimulation. Two groups of participants were given 3 menstrual cycles of MM and MR treatment respectively (once a day, 5 days a session) and received another 3 menstrual cycles follow-up. The degree of pain was evaluated by short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and the symptoms of dysmenorrhea were evaluated by Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale (CMSS). The safety was measured by the occurrence rate of adverse events (AEs), including burns (blisters, red and swollen), itching, bowel changes, menstrual cycle disorder, menorrhagia and fatigue, etc. RESULTS: A total of 62 patients completed the trial, 32 in MR group and 30 in MM group. Compared with baseline, scores of SF-MPQ and CMSS significantly decreased in both groups (P0.05). The total occurrence rate of AEs in MR group was 2.1%, which was significantly lower than MM group (7.2%, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#MR has the same effect as MM at SF-MPQ and CMSS in patients with PD. However, MR is safer than MM (Trial registration No. ChiCTR1800018236).
RESUMO
In view of the limitations of the existing moxibustion instruments, i.e. possible accidental injury when using moxibustion instruments, the negative effects of products from moxibustion instruments on treatment efficacy and health of medical staff and patients, a moxibustion instrument with multi-jointed manipulator is designed. This moxibustion instrument could accurately control the temperature, maintain a safe moxibustion distance, automatically process the burning ashes of moxa and selectively handle moxa smoke. The experimental results shows that this instrument could maintain the constant temperature of target acupoint, reduce the risk of empyrosis, and reasonably deal with the products of moxibustion. The purification rate of moxa smoke is 44.9%, which not only ensures the therapeutic effect of moxa smoke, but also reduces the negative effects of high-concentration moxa smoke on the health of medical staff and patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pontos de Acupuntura , Moxibustão , Fumaça/análise , TemperaturaRESUMO
For a long period, studies about the modulating effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on inflammatory cells mainly focus on cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, researchers have found the significant role of HDL in many other fields, such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, systemic inflammatory disease, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases. Researches have shown that HDL can inhibit the function of activated neutrophil via disturbing the cytokine production, deformation, adhesion, transmigration and pathogen elimination. Clinical trials have discovered that serum HDL level is negatively correlated with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in healthy males with low HDL level. In addition, serum HDL level is closely associated with disease severity of severe acute pancreatitis. Consequently, understanding the effect and mechanism of the regulation of HDL on neutrophil function plays an important role in remedying the diseases resulted from excessively activated neutrophil.