Clinical characteristics and treatments of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT).Methods:A retrospective clinical trial. Twelve cases (14 eyes) with OT which was confirmed by clinical and laboratory tests were included in the Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital in Shiyan and the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital in Beijing from July 2011 to June 2019. Among the 12 cases, 6 cases were female (7 eyes) and 6 cases were male (7 eyes). The mean age of the participants was 33.4±12.8 years and the duration of illness ranged from 7 days to 30 years. Fungal endophthalmitis, viral uveitis and non-infectious uveitis were misdiagnosed in 2 cases respectively at the first visit. All the patients underwent BCVA, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp microscope, fundus color photography examinations and toxoplasma-specific serological antibodies tests. Intraocular influid were detected for 7 cases, among which 1 case for antibody only, and 6 cases for Goldmann-witmer coefficient (GWC). Of the 6 cases tested for GWC, 4 cases were tested with PCR assay in the ocular fluid addtionally. FFA was performed in 5 cases (6 eyes) and OCT in 6 cases (6 eyes). Eleven cases were treated with antitoxoplasma therapy. The follow-up duration after treatment varied from 1 week to 39 months. BCVA, clinical features and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Specific antibody seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii was detected in all 12 patients. Of the 7 cases tested with intraocular fluid, 1 case was IgG positive and the other 6 cases with 5 cases with GWC >4 and 1 case with 2<GWC <4. Only 1 case (25%) was positive among 4 cases with PCR assays meanwhile. BCVA was: <0.1 in 4 eyes, 0.1~0.3 in 6 eyes and >0.3 in 4 eyes. KPs with or without anterior chamber flash or cells could be detected in 6 eyes,congenital macular defect 1 eye, vitreitis 3 eyes (2 eyes with multiple retinal pigmentation foci and 1 eye with tractive retinal detachment), and coexistence of new and old lesions with Kyrieleis arteritis 2 eyes. Nine eyes showed different degrees of vitreous inflammation (75% of 12 active eyes). Single lesion was present in 4 case (4 eyes) and multiple lesions were present in 8 cases (10 eyes). There were no statistically significant changes in BCVA of OT patients before and after treatment ( P=0.83). Involvement or adjacent to macula of he primary lesions, misdiagnosis and mistreatment led to the poor prognosisi of visual acuity. Conclusions:The fundus of OT can show single lesion or multiple lesions, and the active phase is often accompanied by vitreous inflammation. The primary lesion involves or is close to the macular area, misdiagnosis and mistreatment are the main reasons for the poor visual prognosis of patients.

The influence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection and other factors on HIV-1 replication in Guangxi, China / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) co-infection and other factors on the HIV replication level in antiretroviral treatment na(i)ve patients.MethodsSix hundred TB patients and 465 HIV infectors were recruited between April 2010 and September 2010.TB coinfections were diagnosed in HIV infected cases with chest X-ray,checking TB in sputum with anti-acid staining and culture of the sputum,histopatholo diagnosis and clinical diagnosis.HIV infections were screened in TB patients with the 3rd generation ELISA antibody test.Sixty-one antiretroviral treatment na(i)ve HIV/TB co-infectors and 34 HIV infectors with CD4 T cell count below 350 cells/μl were included in this study.Information about the demography,epidemiology and results of clinical diagnostic tests of HIV and TB was collected through pathography and questionnaires from all participants.HIV viral load were detected with COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan(R) System of Roche Company.ResultsThe viral load of HIV/TB co-infectors was (5.05±0.93) lg copies/ml,while the viral load of HIV infectors was (5.06±0.76) lg copies/ml,after control of age,race,marital status,education,route of HIV infection,HIV clade and CD4 T cell count,there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.94).CRF01_AE HIV-1 infection was associated with higher HIV viral load compared with non CRF01_AE (OR=8.07,95％ CI 1.07-61.20,P=0.04).ConclusionNo obvious effect of MTB co-infection on HIV replication level of HIV infected cases with relatively low CD4 T cell count in Guangxi region,while the CRF01_AE HIV infected individuals showed higher viral load,we should raise concern on the monitoring and treatment on this population.

On Inventory Management of Free Anti-TB Drugs in He'nan Province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the management of the free anti-TB drugs in He'nan province,and to analyze ex-periences and find out the gap.METHODS:Based on the requirements of the Chinese TB Control Program-Free anti-TB drug management manual,a questionnaire comprised of 17 items was developed and 20 TB drug storerooms at city or county level were randomly sampled for on the spot investigation.RESULTS:Of the total drug storerooms investigated,75% had yearly drug demand plan,but only 35% was up to the standard in inventory control,95% had no expired drug,90% had inventory/supply vouchers and detailed inventory records,only 25% achieved conformity between records and physical counts.The condition of drug storerooms and the storage of drugs were unable to meet the requirement.CONCLUSION:Tuberculosis Control Agency at different levels haven't paid due attention to the management of free anti-TB drugs.The personnel in this agency should raise their drug management responsibility from aspects of saving public belongings and ensuring patients' medication quality.

Effects of Ternatolide on expression granulysin mRNAin the peripheral blood lymphocytes patients with mycobacterium tuberculosis / 中国药理学通报

AIM To study the effects of ternatolide(tern) on expression of granulysin mRNA in the activated peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLS) of the adults and children with pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis(PMTB). METHODS Using competitive quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(QC TR PCR)analyze granulysin gene expression in the PBLs. RESULTS The dosage of 100 mg?L -1 , 200mg?L -1 of ternatolide significantly enhanced the granulysin mRNA experession in PBLs in vitro stimulated phytohemagglutinin (PHA) from adults and children with PMTB (P0 05). CONCLUSION The molecular mechanism of tern. against intracellular pathogens might be associated with the inducting highly level on the expression of granulysin mRNA, a anti bacterial peptide in activated human cytotoxic lymphocytes.