A 2-year follow-up analysis of diabetic patients and high-risk groups in a community in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveA high-risk group of diabetes in a community in Shanghai was followed up for 2 years. The level of blood glucose control was monitored， the incidence and risk factors of the high-risk group were analyzed， and the incidence and risk factors distribution in the community were studied. The results will provide a basis for the community to formulate strategies for early prevention and treatment of diabetes in Shanghai. MethodsA total of 580 subjects were collected， according to the criteria of high-risk groups of diabetes. Among them， 77 people whose blood glucose had reached the diagnostic criteria for diabetes entered the patient group， and the rest 503 people entered the high-risk group. Corresponding intervention methods such as outpatient follow-up and health education were given， and blood glucose monitoring was repeated at the 12th month and 24th month after enrollment. Blood glucose control， new-onset diabetes and the effect of intervention were analyzed. ResultsThe patients’ venous fasting blood glucose level at the 12th and 24th month was significantly lower than that at the baseline survey， and there was no significant change in body mass index （BMI） and waist circumference. Subjects in patient group were older and had a higher proportion of a history of impaired glycemic regulation， family history of diabetes， hypertension， and hyperlipidemia than those in high-risk group. In the high-risk group of 503 cases， 74 （14.7%） were new-onset diabetics during the follow-up period， A higher proportion of new-onset diabetics were male， BMI， a combined history of impaired glucose regulation and gestational diabetes history of gestational diabetes mellitus （women only） was a contributing factor to the onset of diabetes. ConclusionHigh-risk groups are more susceptible to diabetes； patients in the diabetes group have better control of fasting blood glucose levels during the 2-year follow-up period， and outpatient follow-up combined with comprehensive interventions helps diabetic patients to control blood glucose.

Application of Rapid HE Staining in Cytological Rapid On-site Evaluation of Peripheral Lung Cancer Needle Biopsy / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is a technique used for simultaneous evaluation of biopsy specimens through rapid cytology staining. Diff-Quik (DQ) staining is the most commonly employed method for cytological rapid on-site evaluation (C-ROSE). However, the utilization of DQ staining for on-site cytological interpretation remains uncommon among pathologists in China, posing challenges to the implementation of C-ROSE. This study aims to assess the application of rapid hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and DQ staining for C-ROSE during percutaneous needle biopsy of peripheral lung cancer and evaluate the value of rapid HE staining in C-ROSE.@*METHODS@#Computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsies were conducted on 300 patients diagnosed with peripheral lung cancer. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups for C-ROSE using either rapid HE staining or DQ staining, and subsequently the two methods were compared and evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The concordance rate between C-ROSE and histopathological diagnosis was 96.7%. The median staining time for rapid HE staining was 160 s, while that for DQ staining was 120 s, representing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences observed in terms of total biopsy time, concordance rate with histopathology, cytology specimen peeling rate, and incidence of serious adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both staining methods comply with C-ROSE criteria in the biopsy setting of peripheral lung cancer. Rapid HE staining is more aligned with domestic clinical requirements and holds potential for further promotion and adoption in C-ROSE.

Effects of fufangxuanju capsule combined with tamoxifen citrate tablet on seminal plasma biochemistry in patients with asthenospermia / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To study the effect of fufangxuanju capsule combined with tamoxifen citrate tablet on seminal plasma biochemistry in patients with asthenospermia.Methods One hundred and fifty patients with asthenospermia were divided into group A(treated with tamoxifen citrate tablet,45 cases),group B(treated with fufangxuanju capsule,45 cases)and group C(treated with tamoxifen citrate tablet and fufangxuanju capsule, 60 cases) according to random digits table method.All patients were treated for 2 months.The semen parameters and semen biochemical parameters were detected, and the pregnancy rate was followed up for 6 months.Results The semen volume,sperm density,sperm survival rate, grade a sperm percentage and grade a+b sperm percentage after treatment in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B: (4.41 ± 1.21) ml vs.(4.01 ± 0.87) and(3.97 ± 1.10)ml,(24.63 ± 4.44)×109/L vs.(20.45 ± 4.69)and(18.04 ± 3.05)×109/L,(64.05 ± 7.98)% vs.(45.15 ± 8.87)% and(51.47 ± 10.01)%,(26.05 ± 5.62)% vs.(15.01 ± 3.67)% and(18.31 ± 2.21)%, (55.30 ± 9.65)% vs.(38.07 ± 8.26)% and (44.35 ± 9.03)%, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05).There were no statistical differences between group A and group B (P>0.05).The fructose, a-glucosidase and acid phosphatase levels after treatment in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B:(30.36 ± 5.30)mmol/L vs.(24.01 ± 6.32)and(26.03 ± 5.53)mmol/L,(60.61 ± 8.86) U/L vs.(45.46 ± 8.87)and(50.56 ± 5.56)U/L,(140.12 ± 10.25)U/L vs.(98.36 ± 8.36)and(100.36 ± 8.36) U/L,and there were statistical differences(P<0.05);there were no statistical differences between group A and group B(P>0.05).The zinc after treatment in group C was significantly higher than that in group A and group B:(2 406.96 ± 187.60)μmol/L vs.(1 508.30 ± 135.87)and(2 001.30 ± 130.26)μmol/L,the zinc after treatment in group B was significantly higher than that in group A, and there were statistical differences(P<0.05).The pregnancy rate within 6 months in group C was significantly higher than that in group A and group B: 51.6% (31/60) vs.37.8% (17/45) and 33.3% (15/45), and there was statistical difference (P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between group A and group B (P>0.05).Conclusions Fufangxuanju capsule combined with tamoxifen citrate tablet can increase the concentration of fructose, a-glycosidase, zinc and acid phosphatase in seminal plasma, and improve the semen quality of patients with asthenospermia so as to increase the woman pregnancy rate.

Protective effect of CpG-ODN conditioning on hypoxic/ischemicbrain damage in neonatal rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the therapeutic effect of CpG-ODN, an agonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), on hypoxic/ischemic encephapathy in neonatal rats and investigate the mechanisms.Methods Fifty healthy 7-day-old neonatal Wistar rats (in either gender, weighing 12~17g) were randomly divided into sham operation group, HIBD group, and CpG-ODN low group(0.35 mL·kg-1), CpG-ODN middle group(1.40 mL·kg-1), CpG-ODN high group(5.60 mL·kg-1).The neurological function was scored after 48h operation;ten rats of each group was executed respectively and brains tissue was taken;HE staining was used to observe the brain pathological changes.Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of TLR9 and phosphor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(p-p38 MAPK), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was adopted to detect TNF-α expression.Results The CpG-ODN low, middle group were improved in impairment significantly compared with the HIBD group, and the brain pathological change was lessened, while the CpG-ODN high group was impaired significantly compared with the HIBD group (P<0.05), and brain pathological change was sharpened.Western blot showed the up-regulation in TLR9 and p-p38 MAPK and a significant increase of the expression of TNF-α in the brain tissue in CpG-ODN group with statistical difference in HIBD group and sham operation group(P<0.05).Conclusions The neuro-behavioral score and nervous system function can be improved and the hypoxic/ischemic brain damage can be reduced in neonatal rats in the CpG-ODN low, middle group.The protective mechanisms may be suitably via activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway to promote p38 MAPK phosphory1ation and up-regulation of the expression of TNF-α in the brain tissue of rats.

Analysis of the results in control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province in 2014 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To analyze the status and control effects on coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Zunyi City,Guizhou Province,and to provide a scientific basis for sustainable prevention and control of endemic fluorosis.Methods All diseased villages of 5 counties of Zunyi City in 2014,survey results of the dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12,the use of improved stoves and stoves for all residents of the diseased villages,the proper drying conditions for corn and peppers,were analyzed.The diagnosis was based on "the Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis" (WS/T 208-2011).Results Dental fluorosis of 115 840 children were examined,the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis was 5.85％ (6 773/115 840) in 5 diseased districts.A total of 444 196 households in Zunyi City were investigated,the qualified rate of improved stoves and the correct-usage rate of qualified stoves were 99.53％ (442 108/444 196) and 99.34％ (441 256/444 196),respectively;the proper drying conditions of corn and peppers was 99.26％ (440 903/444 196).Conclusions The control efficiency for coal-burning-borne fluorosis in Zunyi City is obvious.We will continue to strengthen the health intervention and post-management efforts to consolidate the results of elimination of fluorosis.

Clinical application of early warning scoring on children in neurology department / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the application of pediatric early warning score (PEWS) in neurology department.Methods The clinical data and PEWS of 1,158 children with neurologic diseases (764 febrile seizures,259 viral encephalitis and 135 bacterial meningitis) admitted into neurology department from August 2013 to November 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.PEWS was compared among the three different diseases.According to the disease severity,cases were categorized into no-monitor-required group (n =996,697 febrile seizures,203 viral encephalitis and 96 bacterial meningitis),monitor-required group (n =138,67 febrile seizures,41 viral encephalitis and 30 bacterial meningitis) and PICU group (n =24,0 febrile seizures,15 viral encephalitis and 9 bacterial meningitis).PEWS was assessed at admission in both no-monitor-required group and monitorrequired group.PEWS was recorded 12 hours before PICU transfer in PICU group.Then PEWS was compared among all groups in different diseases respectively.Results The median (minimum ～ maximum) of PEWS in febrile seizures,viral encephalitis and bacterial meningitis was 0 (0 ～ 3),2(0 ～ 8) and 2(0 ～ 8),respectively and there was significant difference among three diseases (P ＜ 0.01).No patient of febrile seizures was transferred to PICU.PEWS of febrile seizures in monitor-required group was higher than that in no-monitor-required group (P ＜ 0.01).For both viral encephalitis and bacterial meningitis,PEWS in monitor-required group was higher than that in no-monitorrequired group,and the score in PICU group was higher than that in monitor-required group.The difference was significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion PEWS is effective for the assessment of illness severity of hospitalized children in neurology department,and can be used for the prediction PICU transfer as an excellent screening tool.

Effect of ORM1 genetic polymorphism on time-course of muscle relaxation induced by rocuronium / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of ORM1 genetic polymorphism on the time-course of muscle relaxation induced by rocuronium.Methods Seventy American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status [or Ⅱ patients,aged 25-55 yr,scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery,with body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2,were enrolled in this study.Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam and fentanyl and target-controlled infusion of propofol.After the patients lost consciousness,neuromuscular block was assessed with TOF Watch-SX using single stimulation of the ulnar nerve.When the maximal twitch depression was achieved,tracheal intubation was facilitated with rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated.End-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure was maintained at 35-45 mmHg.The onset time,nonresponse time,clinical duration,75％ recovery time and recovery index of rocuronium were recorded.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected before surgery for determination of concentrations of plasma alpha1 acid glycoprotein,C-reactive protein (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)and albumin (by biochemical method).ORM1 genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the ORM1 genotypes:wild homozygote (ORM1*F1/*F1) group (AA group),mutation heterozygote (ORM1'F1/*S)group (AG group) and mutation homozygote (ORM1*S/*S) group (GG group).Results There were 40 cases in group AA,25 cases in group AG,and 5 cases in group GG.There were no significant differences in plasma alphal acid glycoprotein,albumin and C-reactive protein concentrations between the three groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group AA,the clinical duration,75％ recovery time and recovery index of rocuronium were significantly prolonged (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the onset time and nonresponse time in AG and GG groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion ORM1 genetic polymorphism is one of the genetic factors which affect the time-course of muscle relaxation induced by rocuronium.

Analysis of auxiliary therapeutic effect of community exercise intervention on hypertension and diabetes mellitus / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore auxiliary therapeutic effect of exercise intervention on hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) .Methods :A total of 456 patients with hypertension and/or DM from community were selected and randomly equally divided into intervention group (n=228 ,wore exercise amount monitor ,and lifestyle disease inte‐grated control software was used to monitor exercise ,and unique person provided quantitative exercise guidance for them for three months and they were followed up for eight times ) and control group (n=228 ,did routine activity as usual) .Body weight ,BMI ,waist circumference (WC) ,blood pressure ,blood sugar ,blood lipid etc .and exercise a‐mount were measured and compared between two groups before and after intervention .Results:Compared with be‐fore intervention ,there were no significant changes in all above indexes in control group after intervention , P>0.05 all;there were significant reductions in body weight ,BMI ,WC ,blood pressure ,blood sugar ,blood lipid etc . in intervention group after intervention ( P< 0.01 all) .After intervention ,compared with control group , there were significant reductions in body weight [ (68.28 ± 8.43) kg vs . (65.93 ± 10.43) kg] ,blood pressure [ (124.32 ± 13.70 /77.81 ± 8.22) mmHg vs . (120.94 ± 8.35 /74.58 ± 5.76) mmHg] ,HbA1c [ (7.12 ± 1.53) mmol/L vs . (6.73 ± 1.04) mmol/L] ,LDL‐C [ (2.72 ± 0.40) mmol/L vs . (2.46 ± 0.67) mmol/L] ,and significant rose in total exercise amount [ (537.85 ± 338.63) kcal vs .(637.15 ± 447.65) kcal] ,effective exercise amount [ (229.46 ± 239.04) kcal vs . (323.56 ± 257.84) kcal] in intervention group ,P<0.01 all .Conclusion:Exercise can improve ex‐ercise capacity ,reduce blood pressure ,blood sugar ,blood lipid levels ,is help to disease control and quality of life improvement in patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus .

The Category C infectious diseases monitoring and analysis in Zunyi city from 2009 to 2013 / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate Zunyi C Class infectious diseases ,and provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures .Methods A network report of class C infectious diseasesfrom in Zunyi city from 2009 to 2012 was statistically analyzed by Excel software ,and data analysis was conducted by descriptive epidemiological method for .Results In Zunyi city from 2009 to 2013 reported a total of 8 kinds of class C infectious diseases (68 915 cases) ,annual report incidence rate was 213 .23/10 million;the top three are hand foot and mouth disease ,mumps and other infectious diarrhea ,accounted for 62 .22% of the total reported ca‐ses ,19 .68% and 13 .44% .There was slightly higher incidence rate of the disease from March to August and the main risks were in scattered children ,kindergarten children and students ;the age of onset lie in the population under 14 years old ,the male to female ratio was 1 .67∶1 .00 (χ2 =3 445 .64 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Hand foot and mouth disease ,mumps ,other infectious diarrhea and other infectious disease has become an important public health problem in Zunyi city .Therefore ,the kindergarten ,school infectious disease epidemic monitoring should be strengthened ,the infectious disease outbreaks should be reduced ,and communicable disease diagnosis and reporting standards ,which is helpful to improve the epidemic situation of infectious diseases research and prevention and control level should be improved to maintain the protection of public health .

An alternative model of composite tissue transplantation in rat: the femur osteomyocutaneous flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reconstruct a simpler and reliable composite tissue transplantation model-the femur osteomyocutaneous flap for the replacement of hindlimb transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten femur osteomyocutaneous flaps from 5 Lewis rats were transplanted into 10 syngeneic recipients' inguinal region. Their nutrient vessels were anastomosed with recipients vessels. The graft of this model was consisted of the groin flap and partial femur. To verify the feasibility of this model, gross and histological appearance were studied after transplantation to evaluate the viability of grafts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative time was (159.0 +/- 8.3) min with the harvesting time of (68.0 +/- 4.8) min and the ischemia time of (55. 8 +/- 6.8) min. The methylene blue injection showed rich blood supply of transplanted femur osteomyocutaneous flap. All the 10 flaps survived completely with pink skin color and hair regrowth. The histologic examination of the flaps also revealed the normal appearance of the viable skin and bone marrow.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The femur osteomyocutaneous flap is a simple and reliable model for composite tissue transplantation, and its establishment will provide a new tool for the study of composite tissue allografts.</p>

Mechanism on symbiosis of Oncomelania hupensis and Schistosoma j aponicum / 中国人兽共患病学报

ABSTRACT:As the only intermediate host of Schistosoma j aponicum ,Oncomelania hupensis is an important link of schis‐tosomiasis .It plays an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis .This article mainly demonstrates the following as‐pects :the invasion of schistosome miracidium into O .hupensis ,the growth of sporocyst ,and the mature and escape of cercari‐ae ,which would provide laboratory data from literatures for revealing the symbiotic relationship between O .hupensis and S . japonicum .However ,the symbiotic relationship between O .hupensis and S .japonicum is too complex to description com‐pletely .Therefore ,the symbiotic relationship will be the focus of future research .

Comparison of occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients using different anesthetic methods / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients using differentanesthetic methods.Methods Ninety-three ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients,aged ≥ 65 yr,weighing 45-67 kg,scheduled for artificial femoral head replacement,were randomly divided into 2 groups:general anesthesia (group G,n =47) and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia group (group S-E,n =46).In group G,anesthesia was induced with iv injection of midazolam 0.1 mg/kg,propofol 2 mg/kg,fentanyl 3-5μg/kg,and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg,and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol 2-3 mg· kg-1 · h-1,intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl 1 μg/kg and vecuronium 0.04 mg/kg and inhalation of 1.5％-2.0％ isoflurane.In group S-E,hyperbaric 0.5 ％ ropivacaine 2 ml was injected into the subarachnoid space over 20 s,the patients were kept in the original position for 15 min,the level of anesthesia was simultaneously adjusted to below T8 on the operated side,and 0.5 ％ ropivacaine 3-5 ml was injected into the epidural space when needed during operation.Cognitive function was assessed by mini-mental state examination at 24 h before anesthesia and 24 and 72 h after operation.Venous blood samples were collected for determination of plasma amyloid-beta levels by ELISA.Results Compared with group G,the incidence of POCD at 24 h after operation and level of plasma amyloid-beta were significantly decreased in group S-E (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Elderly patients are more likely to develop POCD under general anesthesia than under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.

Difference in rocuronium-induced muscle relaxation between patients of Buyi and Han nationality / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To determine whether there is any difference in rocuronium-induced muscle relaxation between patients of Buyi and Han nationality.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 20-55 yr,with body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2,undergoing laparoscopic or arthroscopic surgery under general anesthesia,were divided into 2 groups ( n =30 each):Han group (group H) and Buyi group (group B).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,fentanyl and TCI of propofol (Cp=2-3 μg/ml).Tracheal intubation was facilitated with rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated.PETCO2 was maintained at 30-35 mm Hg.Neuro-muscular (N-M) function was monitored by accelerography.N-M block was assessed by single stimulation of ulna nerve after loss of consciousness.The onset time,maximal N-M block time,clinical muscle relaxation time (from injection d rocuronium to 25％ recovery),75％ recovery time (from injection of rocuronium to 75％ recovery) and recovery index were recorded.The plasma concentration of albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein were measured by ELISA and biochemical analysis respectively.Results The onset time was significantly longer and plasma α1-acid glycoprotein concentration lower in group B than in group H.There was no significant difference in maximal N-M block time,clinical muscle relaxation time,75％ recovery time,recovery index and plasma albumin concentration between the 2 groups.Conclusion The onset time of rocuronium-induced N-M block is longer in patients of Buyi nationality as compared with patients of Han nationality.Lower plasma α1 -acid.glycoprotein concentration may be involved in the underlying mechanism.

Novel printed electrode immunosensors for Schistosoma japonicum / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To improve the sensitivity and the linear range of electrochemical immunosensor to detect Schistosoma japonicum (S.japonicum) antibody.Methods:Carbon inks and silver/silver chloride inks were printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) board to make a two-electrode test strip,where carbon was the working electrode and S.japonicum soluble egg antigen (SEA) was fixed at one end of working electrode by different methods; silver/silver chloride electrode was used as control.We tested the valency of the antibody by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in an electrochemistry workstation,and conducted comparison with the results of ELISA.Two new immunosensing electrodes have been developed,based on glutaraldehyde cross-linked (GA) or chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked (Chit-GA) transducer fixing S.japonicum antigen.We tested the titer of the antibody by means of CV and DPV.Results:Our experimental S.japonicum antigen (50 μg/L) is the optimal test concentration for the GA sensor,and 10 μg/L for Chit-GA sensors.The immune reaction time of both electrodes is all essentially complete in 1 minute.The linear range for S.japonicura antibody in human positive serum sample detection by the glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1∶1000 to 1∶400,and by the chitosan-glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunosensor is 1∶1000 to 1∶500.As the concentration of dilution ratio of S.japonicum antibody in human positive serum sample increased,the test value of DPV increased proportionally.Conclusion:GA sensor and Chit-GA cross-linked S.japonicum sensors have high sensitivity and broad linear range response,and both exhibited a good linear relationship between the DPV signal and the test antibody titer.

Characterization of immunologic and adhesive abilities of Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1 protein segment / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To determine the immunogenic and adhesive abilities of a segment (P1C protein) that located at the carboxy terminal region of P1 protein (1125 to 1395 amino acids).Methods A recombinant prokaryotic vector (pGEX6p-2/p1c) was constructed for P1C protein expression in E.coli BL21DE3.The expressed target recombinant protein (rP1C) was identified using SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay,and then extracted by GST-based affinity chromatography.The purified rP1C was used to immunize BALB/c mice to obtain rP1C-antiserum and titer of the antiserum was determined by ELISA.Immunoreactivity of the rP1C to the sera form M.pneumoniae-infected patients was detected using Western blot assay,while activity of the rP1C adhering to HeLa cells as well as adhesion blockage of the rP1C antiserum were detected using indirect immunofluorescence assays.Results The constructed prokaryotic expression system could efficiently express soluble rP1C with a relative molecular weight of 66×103.The antiserum from rP1Cimmunized mice showed an ELISA titer as high as 1:64 000.Both the M.pneumoniae-infected patients' sera and the mouse antiserum against rP1C could recognize as well as combine with the rP1C.rP1C could adhere to HeLa cells and the adhesion could be blocked by the mouse antiserum with an antiserum concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion P1C,a segment of M.pneumoniae P1 protein,possesses powerful immunogenicity and immunoreactivity and cell-adhered activity,indicating the protein segment can be used as an antigen candidate for developing vaccines and serological diagnostic methods of M.pneumoniae-induced diseases.

Study on establishing the evaluation index of clinical competence of nursing undergraduate interns through Delphi method / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective The study aimed at establishing an evaluation index system of clinical competence of nursing undergraduate interns,which is more scientific,clearly guidable,comparative and convenient in order to provide the theoretical foundations to enhance the standardization,objectivity and fairness of the evaluation of clinical competence of nursing undergraduate interns.Methods Based on the Delphi method,the items of evaluation system was selected,the standards with 4 different levels for each item were set.Results The evaluation index system of clinical competence of nursing undergraduate interns was constructed,which was composed of 23 items from 5 domains including professional value,clinical nursing competence,communication and collaboration competence,teaching and management competence and professional development competence.Four different levels of evaluation standards were set for each item to differentiate different levels of clinical competence.The enthusiasm coefficient of experts was 96.2％(＞60％),the average authority coefficient of experts was 0.9128 (＞0.70).The harmonization coefficient of the 5 domains in the first grade index was 0.9262 and those of 23 items in the second grade index was 0.9127.Conclusions The index system of clinical competence of nursing undergraduate interns established evaluation standard of each level.The enthusiasm coefficient,authority coefficient and harmonization coefficient of expert consultation showed that it has high representativeness and reliability.

Artificial preparation, indoor passage, and nature breed of Oncomelania hupensis infected with Schistosoma Japonicum / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective To prepare the infected Oncomelania hupensis by artificial method for the research on the activity, vaccine, and genetic variation of Schistosoma Japonicum (S. Japonicum).Methods The mature eggs of S. Japonicum were collected by Nylon silk method and the miracidia were incubated under appropriate conditions. Negative snails were infected with miracidia in different proportion by means of individual or collective infection to seek the best method and proportion of infection between miracidia and snails. Infected snails were divided into 12 groups in total. Ⅰ-Ⅵ groups were for individual infection and Ⅶ-Ⅻ groups were for collective infection. There were 200 snails in each group. The infection ratios between snails and miracidia in Group Ⅰ-Ⅵ or screened, numbered, and reared singly. The amount of cercariae was calculated once every 10 days until the infected snails died. Then cercariae shedding quantity, infection quantity, and mortality of infected snails in every group were compared to find the best infection method and the best infection proportion between miracidia and snails. The cercariae were collected from the first generation of infected snails and were used to infect experimental animals. The mature eggs of S. Japonicum were saved from the infected experimental animals and incubated to get miracidia. The snails were artificially infected by miracidium to get the second generation of infected snails. The developmental rates of adult worms, the egg density in fecal and liver were compared between artificially and naturally infected snails. Results In individual infection GroupⅠ-Ⅵ,the average infection value of snails were 0±0,22.7±4.2,31.7±4.5,53.0±5.3,39.3±5.9,32.7±4.7,the average fatality of snails were 21.7±3.1,25.0±3.6,31.3±4.9,44.7±6.5,78.3±9.5,89.7±13.6, and the average value of cercariae shedding from infected snails were 0.0±0.0,308.0±96.6,428.1±146.2,527.0±171.1,571.4±148.9,602.9±356.3, respectively. In collective infection Group Ⅶ-Ⅻ,the average infection value of snails were 0±0,12.3±2.5,18.7±4.7,28.3±4.2,33.3±4.7,29.3±5.5,and the average fatality of snails were 22.7±3.8,23.7±4.5,28.3±5.5,47.0±9.5,75.7±8.5,86.3±12.2, and the average value of cercariae shedding from infected snails were 0±0,244.5±57.3,292.3±74.8,347.1±100.8,477.2±142.1,447.3±161.4, respectively. The second generation of artificially infected snails was obtained successfully. The average infection rate and fatality rate for the second generation of artificially infected snails were 24.65% and 24.50%, both of which were not obviously different from that of the first generation of artificially infected snails (P>0.05). In the animal experiment, the worm growth rate for the naturally infected snails, the first or second generation of artificially infected snails were 68.50%,73.50% or 71.00%. There was no obvious difference among them (P>0.05). The fecal (or liver) eggs per gram for the naturally infected snails, the first or the second generation of artificially infected snails were 1 503±269,1 683±233, or 1 541±117 (or 6 641±1 819,6 272±1 419, or 7 263±1 643). There was no significant difference among the 3 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Infected snails can be obtained through the artificial method by using S. Japonicum miracidia to infect snails. Individual infection has the advantage over collective infection. The optimal proportion of infection between first and the second generation of artificially infected snails in the average of cercariae shedding, infection, and fatality average of snails. There was no significant difference between artificially and naturally infected snails in the developmental rate of adult worms, fecal and liver eggs per gram.

Observation on the induction of autoimmunity and immune tolerance in mice vaccinated with DNA vaccine pcDNA3/SjSDISP of Schistosoma japonicum / 中国人兽共患病学报

To determine the possibility whether DNA vaccines pcDNA3/SjSDISP of Schistosoma japonicum to induce autoimmunity and immune tolerance in the vaccinated mice, the titer of the specific antibodies against SjSDISP and the production of the autoimmune antibodies, such as presence of anti-nuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies in the vaccinated mice were detected by ELISA assay and the toxicity of the plasmid DNA was studied through the observation of the change in body weight and the pathological examination of the major organs in mice. It was found that the titer of the specific antibody against SjSDISP was 1∶400 as determined by ELISA, but no autoimmune antibody could detected. The difference of the body weight of mice between the experimental and the control groups was not significant. No abnormal results of histopathological examination were obtained in both groups. From these observations, it is clear that there is no evidence to show that DNA vaccine pcDNA3/SjSDISP can induce auto-immunity and immune tolerance in mice.

Study on the immunoprotections of SjRPS4 and SjRPL7 DNA vaccines against Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice / 中国人兽共患病学报

The aim of this research was to study the immunoprotections of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) DNA vaccines SjRPS4 and SjRPL7 in mice. Fourty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D), and the pcDNA3.0/SjRPS4 and pcDNA3.0/SjRPL7 plasmid DNA vaccines were prepared for experiment. Mice in group A were intramuscularly injected with 100μL normal saline, whereas mice in group B were injected with 100 (g naked plasmid pcDNA3.0 into the quadriceps. Mice in groups C and D were injected with 100μg/100μL eukaryotic recombinant plasmids pcDNA3.0/SjRPS4 and pcDNA3.0/SjRPL7 into the hind leg muscles respectively. The initial injections were followed by two sets of boosters at 2 weeks intervals. In addition, levels of the specific antibodies were detected 2 weeks after the last immunization and all mice were percutaneously infected with 20( 1) S. japonicum cercariae on abdomen. Fourty-two days after the infection, all mice were killed to detect the worm reduction rate and the egg reduction rate. Significant differences of worm burden reduction rates, LEPG reduction rates, IEPG reduction rates and intrauterine eggs reduction rates were observed in both test group (group C and D), comparing with the control groups (group A and B). Results indicated that the DNA vaccines of pcDNA3.0/SjRPS4 and pcDNA3.0/SjRPL7 could induce strong protective immunity against S. japonicum in mice.

Expession of Tp0319 recombinant protein from Treponema pallidum and analysis of its immunocompetence / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To clone, express Tp0319 gene from Treponemapallidum (T. pallidum), and to assess the immunocompetence of recombinant protein. Methods The immuno-dominant region of Tp0319gene was chosen by computer analysis, amplified from T. pallidum complete genome by PCR, subcloned into the expression vector pQE32 to construct a recombinant plasmid, pQE32/Tp0319, which was then expressed in E. coli M15. The recombinant protein was purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, and identified by using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot. New Zealand rabbits were immunized with the recombinant protein, and the titer of anti-Tp0319 antibodies in sera from immunized rabbits were measured with indirect ELISA. Also, indirect ELISA with the recombinant Tp0319 as coating antigen was performed to detect the anti-Tp0319 antibody in sera from 200 normal human controls and 200 patients with syphilis. Results The prokaryotic expression vector pQE32/Tp0319 was constructed successfully, and the recombinant protein Tp0319 with a molecular weight of about 30 000 was attained. Specific humoral response was elicited by the recombinant protein in New Zealand rabbits and the specific antibody titer was more than 1: 10 240 after immunization for 3 times. Western blot proved that the recombinant protein could specifically react with anti-T. pallidum IgG antibody-positive sera. Indirect ELISA was successfully developed with the recombinant Tp0319, and detected antibodies to T. pallidum in control sera with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (40/40), respectively. Compared with T. pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay, the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA were 92.6% and 100%, respectively, in the detection of T. pallidum in sera from patients and controls, and the concordance between the indirect ELISA and TPPA was 96%. Conclusions The prepared recombinant protein shows a satisfactory immunocompetence, which may lay a foundation for its further application in the serodiagnosis of syphilis.