RESUMO
The incidence of bladder cancer is increasing in China. Each year, nearly one third of newly diagnosed cases are muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The standard treatment for patients with MIBC is radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Orthotopic neobladder (ONB) surgery is the primary method of urinary diversion after RC. However, ONB surgery is associated with many post-operative complications related to the urinary tract, intestine, and incision site. Here, we review the mechanism, prevention, and treatment measures of incision complications after ONB surgery.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of rosiglitazone on lung injury in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Seventy-two SD rats were randomized into three groups: sham operation (SO) group, SAP group and rosiglitazone-pretreated group. The model of SAP was induced by retrograde injection of 5%sodium tauro-cholate into the bili-pancreatic duct in SD rats. Rats of rosiglitazone-pretreated group were given 10 mg/kg rosiglitazone in-traperitoneally 30 min before inducing SAP. The amylase plasma levels, levels of TNF-αand p(O2), the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the wet/dry ratio of lung tissue were measured. The expression of NF-κB in pulmonary tissues was assayed by im-munohistochemistry. The expressions of TNF-αmRNA and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) mRNA in pulmo-nary tissues were detected by reverse transcript PCR (RT-PCR). The histopathological changes of pulmonary tissues were evaluated. Results Compared with SO group, the plasma levels of amylase and TNF-α, the intrapulmonary MPO were sig-nificantly increased in SAP group (P＜0.05). The expression levels of NF-κB, TNF-αmRNA and ICAM-1 mRNA in lung tissue were also significantly increased in SAP group (P＜0.01). There were significantly lower levels of the above indicator in rosiglitazone-pretreated group than those of SAP group (P＜0.05). Compared with SO group, the lung wet/dryratio was sig-nificantly higher at 6 h and 12 h in SAP group (P＜0.05). The values of lung wet/dry ratio were significantly lower at 6 h and 12 h in rosiglitazone-pretreated group than those of SAP group (P＜0.05). The lung tissue damage was significantly reduced. The level of p(O2)was significantly decreased in SAP group than that of SO group (P＜0.05). The level of p(O2)was signifi-cantly increased at 6 h and 12 h in rosiglitazone pretreated group than that of SAP group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Rosigli-tazone might have protective effects on SAP-related lung injury by inhibiting NF-κB and decreasing the production of TNF-αand ICAM-1in the lung tissues.