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As color doppler ultrasound listed as the thyroid to regular physical examination project, the positive detection rate of benign and malignant thyroid diseases has increased year by year. The population of patients after thyroid surgery is getting larger and larger, however, the research on how to replace the absent thyroid with exogenous thyroid hormone is not perfect. As the switch of thyroid hormone activation and deactivation, deiodinase plays an important role in maintaining the internal environment of human body. The expression of these enzymes will change with the different needs of each organ in the individual. In the past, many authors have made a detailed description of deiodinase in basic medicine, but the principle of action in clinical aspects is relatively lacking. In this paper, the mechanism of deiodinase was reviewed through literature reading, to explore the basic principle of deiodinase in exogenous thyroid hormone supplementation after thyroid surgery.
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Objective:To evaluate and compare dermoscopic features of toenail psoriasis and fingernail psoriasis.Methods:Between June 2020 and January 2022, 61 patients with confirmed toenail psoriasis and 80 with confirmed fingernail psoriasis were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology of Peking University First Hospital. Dermoscopy was performed on 139 affected toenails and 158 affected fingernails among the psoriasis patients, and dermoscopic characteristics were analyzed between the two groups by using the chi-square test.Results:The most common dermoscopic feature of nail psoriasis was pitting (223/297, 75.08%), followed by splinter haemorrhages (164/297, 55.22%), subungual hyperkeratosis (133/297, 44.78%), oil drop sign (126/297, 42.42%), complete onycholysis (121/297, 40.74%), linear margin of the proximal onycholysis (107/297, 36.03%) and linear erythema at the margin of the onycholysis (77/297, 25.93%). Compared with the patients with fingernail psoriasis, those with toenail psoriasis more commonly presented with subungual hyperkeratosis (81[58.27%] vs. 52[32.91%], P < 0.001), punctate/blocky haemorrhages (22[15.83%] vs. 11[6.96%], P < 0.05), longitudinal striae (34[24.46%] vs. 10[6.33%], P < 0.001), longitudinal nail splitting (24[17.27%] vs. 9[5.70%], P < 0.01), brown discoloration (14[10.07%] vs. 2[1.27%], P < 0.01), transverse grooves (17[12.23%] vs. 1[0.63%], P < 0.001) and leukonychia (10[7.19%] vs. 1[0.63%], P < 0.01) ; compared with the patients with toenail psoriasis, those with fingernail psoriasis more commonly presented with splinter haemorrhages (100[63.29%] vs. 64[46.04%], P < 0.01), oil drop sign (81[51.27%] vs. 45[32.37%], P < 0.01), linear erythema at the margin of the onycholysis (55[34.81%] vs. 22[15.83%], P < 0.001), partial onycholysis (50[31.65%] vs. 19[13.67%], P < 0.001) and red spots in the lunula (36[22.78%] vs. 12[8.63%], P < 0.01) . Conclusion:The dermoscopic features of toenail psoriasis were quite different from those of fingernail psoriasis, and features such as subungual hyperkeratosis, longitudinal streaks, and brown discoloration were more commonly presented in patients with toenail psoriasis.
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@#Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of totally no tube three-port thoracoscopic surgery (TNTT) for thymic tumor via lateral thoracic approach. Methods The clinical data of patients with thymoma admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from November 2021 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a TNTT group and a single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery (SVATS) group according to different surgical methods. The clinical data were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 111 patients were collected. There were 44 patients in the TNTT group, including 20 males and 24 females, with an average age of 60.11±8.64 years, and 67 patients in the SVATS group, including 30 males and 37 females, with an average age of 62.40±7.92 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the baseline data (P>0.05). The postoperative hospital stay and intraoperative blood loss were shorter or less in the TNTT group (P<0.05), and the visual analogue scale score 48 hours after the operation was smaller in the SVATS group (P<0.05). Conclusion TNTT has a good surgical safety, and can shorten postoperative hospital stay, reduce intraoperative blood loss, and has significant advantages in enhanced recovery after surgery, but SVATS can reduce postoperative pain in patients.
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@#Objective To establish a personalized Stanford type B aortic dissection numerical simulation model, and using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation to obtain the hemodynamic behavior and law of the type B aortic dissection at different stages of development. Methods Based on the theory of three-dimensional model reconstruction, we used CT images of a patient with type B aortic dissection in the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, relevant medical image processing software to reconstruct a personalized aortic three-dimensional model, and CFD to reconstruct the model which was simulated in fluid mechanics. Results The three-dimensional reconstruction model could intuitively observe the changing trend of the false cavity at different stages of the dissection development. Through fluid mechanics simulation, the blood flow rate, pressure, wall shear stress, vascular wall Von Mises stress and other parameters at different stages of the dissection development were obtained. Conclusion The hemodynamic behavior and law of relevant parameters in the development stage of aortic dissection are analyzed. The combination of the values of relevant parameters and clinical medical detection and diagnosis can well predict the development of the disease, and finally provide more theories and methods for the scientific diagnosis of aortic dissection.
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@#Objective To compare and analyze the therapeutic effects of robot-assisted lobectomy and segmentectomy for stage ⅠA non-small cell lung cancer with a diameter≤2 cm. Methods A total of 181 patients with pathologically confirmed stage ⅠA non-small cell lung cancer (diameter≤2 cm) who underwent robot-assisted lobectomy and segmentectomy in our hospital from 2018 to 2021 were included. There were 74 males and 107 females with an average age of 57.50±10.60 years. They were divided into two groups according to the surgical procedure: a segmentectomy group (85 patients) and a lobectomy group (96 patients). Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical data such as age, gender, smoking history, basic disease, pathological type, tumour diameter, operative time, postoperative 24 h drainage volume and overall complications (P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss (33.88±16.26 mL vs. 39.27±19.48 mL, P=0.046), groups of dissected lymph nodes (4.76±1.19 vs. 5.52±1.46, P=0.000), number of dissected lymph nodes (14.81±7.23 vs. 18.06±7.70, P=0.004) and postoperative 72 h drainage volume (561.65±225.31 mL vs. 649.84±324.34 mL, P=0.037) of patients in the segmentectomy were less than those in the lobectomy group. The chest drainage time (5.49±3.92 d vs. 7.60±4.96 d, P=0.002) and postoperative hospital stay time (7.47±4.16 d vs. 9.67±5.50 d, P=0.003) were shorter than those in the lobectomy group. There was no conversion to thoracotomy or perioperative death in the two groups. The postoperative follow-up rate was 100.0% with a longest follow-up time of 48 months. The 3-year recurrence-free survival rates of the segmentectomy group and lobectomy group were 87.7% and 92.4%, respectively (P=0.465). Conclusion The da Vinci robot-assisted lobectomy and segmentectomy are safe and feasible surgical procedures for patients with stage ⅠA non-small cell lung cancer (diameter≤2 cm), with a similar 3-year recurrence-free survival rate. The lobectomy group has more lymph nodes dissected, while the segmentectomy group is superior to the lobectomy group in terms of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative 72 h chest drainage volume, chest drainage time and postoperative hospitalization time.
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@#Objective To compare the postoperative chylothorax outcomes of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), analyze the risk factors for postoperative chylothorax after minimally invasive radical lung cancer resection and explore possible prevention and control measures. Methods Between June 2012 and September 2020, 1 083 patients underwent minimally invasive pulmonary lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection in our hospital, including 578 males and 505 females with an average age of 60.6±9.4 years. Patients were divided into two groups according to the operation methods: a RATS group (499 patients) and a VATS group (584 patients). After propensity score matching, 434 patients were included in each group (868 patients in total). Chylothorax and other perioperative indicators were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for postoperative chylothorax. Results Overall, 24 patients were diagnosed with chylothorax after surgery. Compared with the VATS group, the rate of chylothorax was higher (3.9% vs. 1.6%, P=0.038), the groups and numbers of dissected lymph nodes were more (both P<0.001), and the intraoperative blood loss was significantly less (P<0.001) in the RATS group. There was no statistical difference in the postoperative hospital stay (P=0.256) or chest tube drainage time (P=0.504) between the two groups. Univariate analysis showed that gender (P=0.021), operation approach (P=0.045), smoking (P=0.001) and the groups of dissected lymph nodes (P<0.001) were significantly associated with the development of chylothorax. Multivariate analysis showed that smoking [OR=4.344, 95%CI (1.149, 16.417), P=0.030] and the groups of dissected lymph nodes [OR=1.680, 95%CI (1.221, 2.311), P=0.001] were the independent risk factors for postoperative chylothorax. Conclusion Compared with the VATS, the rate of chylothorax after RATS is higher with more dissected lymph nodes and less blood loss. The incidence of chylothorax after minimally invasive radical lung cancer resection is higher in the patients with increased dissected lymph node groups and smoking history.
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BACKGROUND: Rice sheath blight (caused by Rhizoctonia solani) and tobacco mosaic virus are very important plant diseases, causing a huge loss in global crop production. Paenibacillus kribbensis PS04 is a broad-spectrum biocontrol agent, used for controlling these diseases. Previously, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) from P. kribbensis PS04 had been purified and their structure was inferred to be fructosan. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous EPS treatment on plantpathogen interactions. RESULTS: Plant defense genes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, catalase, chitinase, allene oxide synthase, and PR1a proteins were significantly induced by exogenous EPS treatment. Moreover, subsequent challenge of EPSpretreated plants with the pathogens (R. solani or tobacco mosaic virus) resulted in higher expression of defenseassociated genes. Increased activities of defense-associated enzymes, total phenols, and flavonoids were also observed in EPS pretreated plants. The contents of malondialdehyde in plants, which act as indicator of lipid peroxidation, were reduced by EPS treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study comprehensively showed that EPS produced from P. kribbensis PS04 enhances disease resistance in plants by the activation of defense-associated genes as well as through the enhancement of activities of defense-related enzymes.
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Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Rhizoctonia/patogenicidade , Vírus do Mosaico do Tabaco/patogenicidade , Paenibacillus/imunologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Paenibacillus/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Frutose/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
Objective To evaluate the application value of ultrasound and dermoscopy in the precise preoperative evaluation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC),and to analyze the association of high-frequency ultrasound and dermoscopic findings with pathological recurrence risk of BCC.Methods Clinical data were collected from 33 outpatients with confirmed BCC in the Department of Dermatology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital between April 2016 and December 2018,and high-frequency ultrasonographic and dermoscopic findings from 36 BCC lesions were analyzed.The lesions were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on pathological findings.Statistical differences in ultrasound and dermoscopic characteristics between high-risk and low-risk BCC groups were analyzed by using Fisher's exact test,and the correspondence between high-frequency ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of BCC was analyzed by calculating the simple matching coefficient.Results Of the 36 BCC skin lesions,4 were high-risk lesions and 32 were low-risk lesions.Ultrasonographic features of the high-risk and low-risk lesions overlapped markedly,and no significant differences were observed between the high-risk and low-risk lesions with regard to the shape,boundary,internal echo,hyperechoic spots,or posterior echo (all P ＞0.05).However,24 (75.0％) low-risk lesions were confined to the dermis,whereas 4 high-risk lesions involved the subcutaneous tissue,and there was a significant difference between the high-risk and low-risk BCC groups with regard to the distribution of BCC (P =0.008).In 5 BCC lesions,ultrasound could identify small easy-to-ignore lesions or deep and invisible lesions besides obvious lesions.There were no significant differences in dermoscopic features between high-risk and low-risk groups.However,none of spoke-wheel area,milky-red structureless area,milia-like cysts,comedo-like openings and rainbow pattern was observed in 4 high-risk BCC lesions.The simple matching coefficient between enhanced hyperechoic spots in the lesion observed by ultrasound and milia-like cysts under a dermoscope was 36.1％,and the simple matching coefficient between discontinuous hyperechoic echo in the epidermis on ultrasonography and ulcer/erosion under a dermoscope was 75.0％.Conclusion High-frequency ultrasound and dermoscopy both provide important information for preoperative evaluation of risk of BCC lesions,and high-frequency ultrasound can identify easy-to-ignore hidden lesions in clinical practice.
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Conventional machine learning techniques can not be directly used to process natural data in their raw form, and have to rely on experts to design feature extractors. However, the emergence of deep learning has broken this limitation. It is a method that allows a machine to be fed with raw data and to automatically discover representative information needed for detection or classification, and has become a key technology for medical image classification with artificial intelligence. Deep learning has achieved a level comparable to or even higher than that of dermatologists in terms of classification between malignant melanoma and pigmented nevus, as well as classification between skin diseases other than melanocyte-derived tumors, such as squamous cell tumor, basal cell carcinoma and nail disorders. The review introduces some basic concepts of deep learning in skin image classification and common evaluation methods for deep learning models, and summarizes research progress in the application of deep learning in skin image classification.
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BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine has certain value and significance in the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by regulating the ischemia-hypoxia microenvironment and improving the survival rate and differentiation rate of stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To sort out and analyze the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine on regulating ischemia-hypoxia microenvironment intervention on proliferation, differentiation, aging and autophagy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in recent years. METHODS: The full-text database of Chinese journals, PubMed and Wanfang were retrieved with the keywords of “bone mesenchymal stem cells, ischemia-hypoxia microenvironment, proliferation, differentiation, aging” in English or “bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, ischemia and hypoxia, proliferation, differentiation, aging” in Chinese for articles regarding effects of ischemia and hypoxia microenvironment on survival rate and differentiation rate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells published from 2002 to 2019. Fifty-five articles were selected for review, including 22 Chinese articles and 33 English articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The ischemia-hypoxia microenvironment is the important reason for the low survival rate and differentiation rate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. There are many adverse reactions in the intervention of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with gene modification or cell molecules and drugs, which have become difficult problems to be solved in modern medicine. Exploring the internal relationship between microenvironment and stem cells using single or active components of traditional Chinese medicine combined with RNA transcriptomics is a new way to improve the viability of stem cells.
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Objective@#To evaluate the application value of ultrasound and dermoscopy in the precise preoperative evaluation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) , and to analyze the association of high-frequency ultrasound and dermoscopic findings with pathological recurrence risk of BCC.@*Methods@#Clinical data were collected from 33 outpatients with confirmed BCC in the Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital between April 2016 and December 2018, and high-frequency ultrasonographic and dermoscopic findings from 36 BCC lesions were analyzed. The lesions were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on pathological findings. Statistical differences in ultrasound and dermoscopic characteristics between high-risk and low-risk BCC groups were analyzed by using Fisher′s exact test, and the correspondence between high-frequency ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of BCC was analyzed by calculating the simple matching coefficient.@*Results@#Of the 36 BCC skin lesions, 4 were high-risk lesions and 32 were low-risk lesions. Ultrasonographic features of the high-risk and low-risk lesions overlapped markedly, and no significant differences were observed between the high-risk and low-risk lesions with regard to the shape, boundary, internal echo, hyperechoic spots, or posterior echo (all P > 0.05) . However, 24 (75.0%) low-risk lesions were confined to the dermis, whereas 4 high-risk lesions involved the subcutaneous tissue, and there was a significant difference between the high-risk and low-risk BCC groups with regard to the distribution of BCC (P = 0.008) . In 5 BCC lesions, ultrasound could identify small easy-to-ignore lesions or deep and invisible lesions besides obvious lesions. There were no significant differences in dermoscopic features between high-risk and low-risk groups. However, none of spoke-wheel area, milky-red structureless area, milia-like cysts, comedo-like openings and rainbow pattern was observed in 4 high-risk BCC lesions. The simple matching coefficient between enhanced hyperechoic spots in the lesion observed by ultrasound and milia-like cysts under a dermoscope was 36.1%, and the simple matching coefficient between discontinuous hyperechoic echo in the epidermis on ultrasonography and ulcer/erosion under a dermoscope was 75.0%.@*Conclusion@#High-frequency ultrasound and dermoscopy both provide important information for preoperative evaluation of risk of BCC lesions, and high-frequency ultrasound can identify easy-to-ignore hidden lesions in clinical practice.
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Objective To compare the diagnostic accuracies of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and dermatologists for pigmented nevus and seborrheic keratosis.Methods CNN network ResNet-50 was trained with 5 094 dermoscopic images of pigmented nevus and seborrheic keratosis using transfer learning,so as to establish a CNN two-classification model.Then,this model was applied to the automatic classification of 30 dermoscopic images of pigmented nevus and 30 dermoscopic images of seborrheic keratosis.Meanwhile,in combination with clinical photos of skin lesions,95 experienced dermatologists who had received dermoscopy training gave their diagnosis for the above 60 dermoscopic images.The diagnostic accuracies were compared between the two methods,and misclassified images were further analyzed.Results The CNN automatic classification model had the diagnostic accuracies of 100％ (30/30)and 76.67％ (23/30) for pigmented nevus and seborrheic keratosis respectively,and the total accuracy was 88.33％ (53/60).The average diagnostic accuracies of 95 dermatologists were 82.98％ (25.8/30) and 85.96％ (24.9/30) for pigmented nevus and seborrheic keratosis respectively,and the total accuracy was 84.47％ (50.7/60).There were no significant differences in the diagnostic accuracies for pigmented nevus or seborrheic keratosis between the CNN automatic classification model and 95 dermatologists (x2 =0.38,P ＞ 0.05).The dermoscopic images misclassified by CNN were divided into 3 categories:special-type lesions with high pigment content and marked keratosis,typical skin lesions with interference factors,and typical skin lesions without definite reasons for misclassification.Conclusions The performance of CNN automatic classification model is similar to that of experienced dermatologists in the two classification of pigmented nevus and seborrheic keratosis.The reasons for misclassification by CNN still need to be explored by dermatologists and professionals in artificial intelligence.
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Objective To investigate the dermoscopic features of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS).Methods Seventeen patients with VLS,who visited the Department of Dermatology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between August 2015 and June 2017 and underwent dermoscopy and skin histopathological examination,were enrolled into this study.The dermoscopic images of 75 skin lesions were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results The common dermoscopic features in these VLS lesions included yellowish-white structureless areas (89.3％,67/75),reddish-violet globules or patches (77.3％,58/75),brownish or bluish-gray pigment structures (49％,37/75),shiny white streaks (40％,30/75),dotted vessels with irregular arrangement (28％,21/75),linear vessels (58.7％,44/75),hairpin-like vessels (6.7％,5/75),comma-like vessels (13％,10/75)and branching vessels (20％,15/75).Under dermoscopy,rosette sign could be observed in 3 (4％) lesions,comedo-like openings in 3 (4％) lesions,and keratotic plugs in 1 (1％) lesions.Conclusion Under dermoscopy,VLS is characterized by yellowishwhite structureless areas,reddish-violet globules or patches,pigment structures and vessels with various vessels.
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Objective To describe high-frequency skin ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of seborrheic keratosis (SK).Methods Between August and December in 2017,46 outpatients with SK were enrolled from the Department of Dermatology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital,and 50 SK lesions were observed by 50-and 20-MHz high-frequency skin ultrasonography and dermoscopy.The highfrequency ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of SK lesions were summarized and analyzed.Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square test for comparisons of evaluation results of SK lesions between 50-and 20-MHz ultrasonography,and the correspondence between high-frequency skin ultrasonographic and dermoscopic features of SK was analyzed by calculating the simple matching coefficient.Results As 50-and 20-MHz ultrasonography showed,ultrasonographic features of SK lesions from top to bottom were enhanced hyperecho (48/50 vs.39/50,respectively,P =0.007),enhanced hyperechoic masses or spots in the stratum corneum (22/50 vs.11/50,respectively,P =0.019),sound shadows behind the epidermis (34/50 vs.13/50,respectively,P ＜ 0.001),skin lesions with regular shapes and clear borders (46/50 vs.41/50,respectively,P =0.137),heterogeneous hypoechoic areas in the lesions (50/50 vs.47/50,respectively,P =0.079) and internal hyperechoic spots (25/50 vs.2/50,respectively,P ＜0.001),the lesional bottom being at the same level (40/50 vs.36/50,respectively,P =0.349),and reduced dermal echogenicity below the lesion (50/50 vs.28/50,respectively,P ＜ 0.001).In regard to the overall evaluation of the above 8 ultrasonographic characteristics,50-MHz ultrasonography was superior to 20-MHz ultrasonography (P =0.002).The common dermoscopic features of the 50 SK lesions were clear borders (n =50),comedo-like openings (n =45),ridge or cerebriform pattern (n =31),hairpin-like vessels (n =30),multiple milia-like cysts (n =24),moth-eaten border (n =21) and shiny white streaks (n =3).Under 50-and 20-MHz ultrasonography,the simple matching coefficients between enhanced hyperechoic masses or spots in the stratum corneum and comedo-like openings under dermoscopy were 42％ (21) and 20％ (10) respectively,and the simple matching coefficients between internal hyperechoic spots and multiple milialike cysts (＞ 3) under dermoscopy were 58％ (29) and 48％ (24) respectively.Conclusion Highfrequency skin ultrasonography and dermoscopy both are of great value to the assessment of SK lesions,and 50-MHz ultrasonography is superior to 20-MHz ultrasonography for imaging skin lesions.
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Objective@#To explore the effect of hematopoietic cytokines IL-11 on invasion and metastasis abilities of anaplastic thyroid cacinoma(ATC) cells.@*Methods@#Real-time PCR was performed for examining the IL-11 mRNA expression in thyroid carcinoma cell lines, and IL-11 protein expression in the supernament of thyroid carcinoma cell lines was detected by ELISA. Molecular cloning was employed to construct IL-11 stable knockdown cell line; MTT assay was used to analyze the effect of IL-11 on the proliferation of ATC cells; Transwell and wound healing assays were employed to analyze the abilities of migration and invasion in ATC cells. Western blotting was used to detect the relative pathway proteins. SPSS statistical package 19.0 was used to analyze the date, and Student′s t test was used for multiple comparisons.@*Results@#The protein level of IL-11 were significantly lower in knock-down cell lines than that in negative control cell lines(21.55±1.69, 16.18±0.85, 26.37±2.00 vs 54.54±3.99, all P<0.05). Colony formation assays reveal that colony number between knock-down cells and negative control cells has no significance(P>0.05). Meanwhile, MTT assays show that there is no significance between knock-down cell lines and negative control cell line(P>0.05). However, Transwell invasion and migration assays show that number of migrated cells is increased when ATC cells were treated with rhIL-11(0-100 ng/ml)at increasing concentrations.@*Conclusion@#IL-11 improves the migratory and invasive abilities of ATC cells via inducing EMT of ATC cells, and it can be used as a potential target for ATC molecular targeted therapy.
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Objective To describe common dermoscopic features of primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA),and to explore the application value of dermoscopy in assisting the diagnosis of PCA.Methods Seventeen patients with PCA were collected from Department of Dermatology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between April 2014 and December 2016.A total of 45 skin lesions were subjected to dermoscopy,and their dermoscopic features were analyzed.Results The common dermoscopic features of PCA included central hubs,which could be white,brown or scar-like areas,various pigment structures and shiny white streaks.Dermoscopy showed that central hubs could be observed in all the lesions (100％),while white center hubs alone were observed in 14 (31％) lichenoid lesions,both white center hubs and scar -like areas in 5 (11％) lichenoid lesions,brown center hubs alone in 8 (18％) macular lesions,both white and brown center hubs in 6 (13％) lichenoid lesions and 17 (38％) macular lesions.All the lesions showed various pigment structures.Shiny white streaks were observed in 4 (9％) lichenoid lesions.Conclusion Dermoscopy has good application value in assisting the diagnosis of PCA.
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The occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are related to abnormal energy metabolism.L-carnitine,as one of the most important drugs to improve energy metabolism,has gradually been in a hot research in recent years.It can prevent cell lipid peroxidation,prevent oxidation by free radical scavenging,promote long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation and increase lipid metabolism and improving diabetic complications.It can also decrease insulin resistance (IR),and lower fasting blood glucose (FBG).L-carnitine may have certain inhibitory effect on the development of T2DM.Early application of L-carnitine may improve the complication of T2DM diabetes,and provide a new way for the treatment of T2DM.
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AIM:To explore the effects of different intensity of warfarin on patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease complicated with atrial fibrillation.METHODS:One hundred and seven cases of coronary heart disease complicated with atrial fibrillation patients in our hospital were selected and were randomly divided into experimental group (n =54) and control group (n =53) by random number table.The experimental group (low intensity) received initial amount of warfarin for 1.25 mg/d,and NR monitoring 24 h after treatment,if INR＜ 1.4,3-5 mg/d increased by 0.5-1.0 mg/d,monitoring one time per week,INR maintained within 1.4-2.0.INR of the control group (medium intensity) maintained within 2.0-2.6.One month monitoring after INR stabilized.All patients were treated for about 4 weeks,and warfarin was maintained at a dose of 1.25-7.5 mg/d.The primary and secondary end points and bleeding events were observed and compared after 2 years of treatment.RESULTS:The INR of the experimental group and the control group were 1.71 ± 0.38,2.36 ± 0.35,respectively.The ratio of total bleeding event of the experimental group and the control group was 22.2％ and 41.5％,respectively.Those of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group,and the difference was all statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:The efficacy of low-intensity warfarin in the treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease complicated with atrial fibrillation is comparable to that of moderate-intensity warfarin therapy,but low-intensity warfarin shows better saftey.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of clopidogrel(Clog),a platelet aggregation inhibitor,on the development of colitis-associated colon cancer(CAC)and its possible mechanism. METHODS To establish a CAC model,male BALB/c mice were treated with single azoxymethane(AOM) 10 mg · kg-1 by ip. One week later,the mice drank 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)for one week and water for two weeks,which lasted three cycles. From the first day mice received 2.5%DSS water, Clog 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 mg · kg-1 was ig administered once a day. Body mass,clinical symptoms,the number of colon tumor and tumor size in colon tissue were recorded. Hyperplasia of tumors was analyzed by HE staining. In the early inflammatory phase of the CAC model,the length of colons was measured, histological structure and epithelium cell proliferation of colon tissues were evaluated by HE staining and Ki67 staining,respectively. In the tumorigenesis and progression phase of the CAC model,epithe?lium cell proliferation of colon tissues was evaluated by Ki67 staining. The mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 2(CXCL2)and its receptor 2(CXCR2)in colon tissues was detected by PCR and immu?nohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with model group,clinical symptoms of mice in Clog 12.5 mg · kg-1 group were alleviated,the size of colon tumors was decreased(P<0.05),and hyperplasia of tumors was reduced(P<0.05). During the inflammatory phase,the clinical symptoms of mice in Clog 12.5 mg·kg-1 group were significantly alleviated(P<0.05),the decrease of body mass was reduced(P<0.01),the colon shrinkage was ameliorated(P<0.01),the inflammatory injury and epithelium cell proliferation in colon tissues were reduced(P<0.05). During the tumorigenesis and progression phase,epithelium cell prolif?eration in colon tissues in Clog 12.5 mg·kg-1 group was reduced(P<0.01),and the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α,CXCL2 and CXCR2 of colon tissues was decreased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Clog can alleviate inflammation during the CAC early inflammatory phase and inhibit the formation of CAC. The antitumor effect of Clog may be related to the decrease in expression of CXCL2 and CXCR2.
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Heat-shock protein (Hsp) 70 potentiates specific immune responses to some antigenic peptides fused to it. Here, the prokaryotic plasmids harboring the envelope glycoprotein E0 gene of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and/or the Hsp70 gene of Haemophilus parasuis were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli Rosseta 2(R2). The fusion proteins were then purified. Groups of Balb/c mice were immunized with these fusion proteins, respectively, and sera collected 7 days after the third immunization. Immune effects were determined via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometric analyses. E0-Hsp70 fusion protein and E0+Hsp70 mixture significantly improved the titer of E-specific antibody, levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and release of interferon-γ. These findings suggested that Hsp70 can significantly enhance the immune effects of the envelope glycoprotein E0 of CSFV, thereby laying the foundation of further application in pigs.