RESUMO
Background: Rapid pace of the construction projects have led to safety negligence on the part of the contractors causing higher numbers of accidents in construction industry. Thus, over 2200 legal provisions have been established for the prevention of accidents on construction sites. Not only contractors are unable to implement all provisions, but also it is hard for regulatory bodies to implement all rules, but they are also hard to remember and attend to by regulatory forces. Therefore, identifying the set of codes with the highest effect on reducing accidents would be most beneficial. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective legal provisions in reducing accidents on construction sites in Zanjan city
Methods: In this study, 378 work-related accidents in construction sites in Zanjan city, already registered in the Labor Inspection Authority, were investigated .Then the codes that had not been respected in the construction industry accidents were identified. Effective codes were determined based on their frequency on Pareto chart
Results: Results indicated that out of 2200 legal matters, only 164 were broken in the accidents
Conclusion: Application of Pareto chart could raise safety professionals' awareness of the specific broken codes in accidents, thus draw higher attention to the codes
RESUMO
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders [MSDs] are among the most prevalent pains which could be ignited via material handling. Backpack wearers are among those who may carry heavy loads. Since MSDs mainly originate in school-aged children, students [as the largest group of backpack wearers] are considered more important. The purpose of this study is to design a backpack based on minimization of shearing force
Methods: At first the relevant patents were investigated at national and international levels. Then the appropriate ones selected for optimizing. The main selection criterion was based on reduction of pressure on body. As an extra function we used a generator to produce electricity. The criterion for electricity generator selection was: 1] small dimension, 2] low weight, and 3] safe voltage
Results: A suspending system used to eliminate shearing forces. Since a wearing backpack student is under the shearing force caused by walking, a spring system was used as a reducing device for shearing force. Physical spring calculation revealed that springs with stiffness coefficient equal to 588 was appropriate
Conclusion: In comparison with existing designs, suggested backpack design can reduce forces on upper limb during handling the backpack
RESUMO
Background: Despite advances in technology, people are still exposed to fire hazard. Students can be one of the most important exposed groups. Therefore, fire safety inspection should be established in dormitories. The aim of this study was to develop a fire safety checklist for fire safety inspection in dormitories
Methods: This study was as a tool development followed by a cross-sectional study in dormitories of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. The initial items of the checklist were extracted from formal standards and regulations. According to comments of the expert panel group [n = 5] and Law she method, the validation of the tool was confirmed. The reliability was accepted based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In field study we used the tool to inspect fire safety status of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences dormitories
Results: The initial checklist contained 68 items. According to the comments of a group of expert panel, some items were added to the checklist and a couple of them were removed. Finally CVI and CVR for 62 items were, over 0.7 and 0.99 respectively. The Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.74
Conclusion: This study could develop a valid and reliable tool for inspection of dormitories fire safety
RESUMO
Background: The performance of the HSE units has various dimensions Leading to different performances. Thus, any industry should be capable of evaluating these systems. The aim of this study was to design a standard questionnaire in the field of performance evaluation of HSE management system employing Balanced Score Card model
Methods: In this study we, first determined the criteria to be evaluated in the framework of Balanced Score Card model based on the objectives and strategies of HSE Management System and existing standards, and then designed questions on every criterion. We used content validity and Cronbach's Alpha to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire
Results: The primary questionnaire was comprised of 126 questions some of which were omitted regarding the results obtained from the CVR and CVI values. We obtained the CVI average of environmental dimension to be 0.75 and its CVI average 0.71
Conclusion: With respect to the results of the reliability and validity of this questionnaire,and its standardized design we can suggest using it for evaluation of HSE management system performance in organizations and industries with the mentioned system
RESUMO
Background; Prevention of accidents-a crucial requirement in oil industries-involves hazard recognition, risk assessment, and corrective actions. The purpose of this study was to compare the ETBA and HAZOP techniques for risk assessment in a gasoline refinery unit
Methods; In this case study, data were collected using process flow diagram, walking-talking through method, piping and instrumentation diagram, and direct observations. Worksheets for both techniques were filled on the basis of the risk assessment matrix MIL-STD-882E
Results; The HAZOP method identified 44 deviations attributable to 118 causes. In addition, 11.37% of the identified hazards were associated with unacceptable risk, and 36.36%, with unfavorable risk. The ETBA method detected 10 groups of energy [24 subgroups]; 33 hazards were detected, 10.62% of which were associated with unacceptable risk
Conclusion; HAZOP proved to be the more powerful technique for the prediction and identification of hazards. However, ETBA detected certain hazards that were not identifiable using HAZOP. Therefore, a combination of these two methods is desirable for the assessment of hazard risk in process industries
RESUMO
Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders [WMSDs] may involve all parts of the body, and have been a worldwide problem. Employed women are two to five times more likely to report such problems, and assembly lines suspected to induce more WMSDs because of high rate of repetitive motions
Methods: The aim of this study to determine the prevalence of WMSDs in women workers of an automobile manufacturing assembly line. In this cross-sectional survey, 50 women workers in an automobile manufacturing assembly line were studied. Data was collected based on Nordic questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS 11 software
Results: The MSDs prevalence rate was 98%. The most reported complaint was related to the back [68%] and there was a significant relationship between prevalence and pain severity with age and working years. Moreover, the duration of feeling pain per day, and pain severity had a significant relationship with the capability of the person to continue working
Conclusion: Workstations ergonomically improvement and employing men instead of women would be effective to reduce the problems
RESUMO
It is believed that improved safety culture/climate is a fundamental element to accident prevention. Therefore, development a scale to assess safety climate is a step towards accident control. The purpose of this study was to construct a Persian safety climate questionnaire. The study took place in Tehran and Esfahan oil refineries in Iran in 2010. An initial questionnaire was formed from two previous studies. This tool was translated to Persian based on back translation. The 61-item questionnaire was tested on operational staffs [N=324]. Principle component analysis and Varimax with Kaiser Normalization was used to extract factors, in statistical software package SPSS 11.0. The factors were obtained as Management Commitment to Safety and personnel collaboration 23 variables, 17.33% of the variance, Safety communication five items, 6.97% of the variance, Supportive environment five items, 6.245% of the variance, Work Environment six items, 5.590% of the variance, Formal Training four items, 4.581% of the variance, Priority of Safety five items, 4.177% of the variance, Personal Priorities and Need for Safety three items, 3.333% of the variance. Achievement of a valid and reliable safety climate tool may bring enormous benefits to the refineries. However, a reliable and valid tool to measure safety climate could be useful in other refineries. Moreover, the generic nature of the safety climate scale may grant its use for other workplaces
Assuntos
Humanos , Clima , Inquéritos e Questionários , Acidentes , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Driving includes a wide range of stressor factors. This research was done with the aim of determination of the status of severe occupational stress and its associated factors among public transport bus drivers in Tehran. This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 388 urban bus drivers in Tehran in 2012. The samples were selected randomly from 9 systems or regions. To investigate the relationships of factors influencing severe stress, a questionnaire with demographic and driving information was used. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate regression logistic tests. 31.7% of all participants in this study stated that they had severe stress during work in the last year [or at the time of the study]. Also, variables of work shift and bus routes caused a 1.7-fold stress among drivers of evening shift and the monthly rotation compared to the drivers of morning shift and a 1.8-fold stress among drivers of the normal lines compared to BRT lines. Also, drug consumption and disease were effective causes in creating a 3.7-fold stress among the drivers. The results of this study showed that work shift and bus route are among work factors influencing the occurrence of severe stress among bus drivers. On the other hand, drug consumption and physical and mental illness can also be effective in increasing severe stress among drivers