Pediculus capitis infestation according to sex and social factors in Hamedan, Iran.

Pediculus capitis or head-louse infestation has been a worldwide public-health problem, especially among school-aged children. To determine the intensity of infestation (abundance) among schoolchildren, children's sex and social factors were analyzed as modifiers of the general prevalence of parasitism. The study included 847 schoolchildren (407 girls, 440 boys) aged 6-12 years, from 12 public rural primary schools of Hamedan, Hamedan Province, Iran. Classic prevalence was obtained as the percentage of children with nits and/or lice. The general prevalence was 6.85% (girls: 13.5%; boys: 0.7%, p<0.001), head lice were much more common in girls than boys. The results showed significant variations in head lice infestation, and factors such as parents' literacy, type of hair, previous infestation, sharing of bed and comb, and care centers, while there was no significant variation between school grade, parents' job, members of family, and pediculosis in the studied areas (p>0.05). Sex and social factors are important modifiers of P. capitis general prevalence and degree of infestation. The classification of children by intensity of infestation allowed a more precise delimitation of this condition, which is especially important for disease surveillance and application of control measures.

A prospective study of genital infections in Hamedan, Iran.

A prospective study of genital infections was conducted in a university-affiliated teaching hospital in Hamedan City, Iran. A total of 540 women were recruited and divided into two equal groups: (1) the case group with vaginitis (N=270) and, (2) the asymptomatic control group (N=270). Participants were interviewed about the occurrence of any vaginal or urethral discharge. Two vaginal swabs were obtained for pH testing, KOH and wet mount examination, Gram staining and culture at the time of speculum examination. In the case group, the prevalence of candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis was 17.2, 18.1, and 28.5%, respectively. Measurement of vaginal pH in the clinic was the single most useful clinical finding for directing empirical therapy. No single specimen was found ideal for all pathogens; a cervical swab is better for Trichomonas vaginalis but a vaginal swab is needed for candida and bacterial vaginosis. To achieve STD control in this and similar populations, public health programs must target asymptomatic infections.