Serological follow-up of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood donors after COVID-19 vaccine booster dose and breakthrough infections in Fuzhou / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the dynamics of specific SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in blood donors in Fuzhou area after receiving booster doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and breakthrough infections, and to provide evidence for the timing of the collection of specific immune plasma or convalescent plasma and the subsequent vaccine doses. 【Methods】 A total of 109 volunteers who received the first booster dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and 102 volunteers who experienced breakthrough infections were recruited at Fujian Blood Center from October to November 2021. Blood samples were collected at eight time points: 14 (11, 20) days before the booster dose (Time0), 14 (10, 23) days after the booster dose (Time1), 53 (45.5, 61) days after the booster dose (Time2), 88 (78, 101.5) days after the booster dose (Time3), 124 (112.5, 138.5) days after the booster dose (Time4), 158 (146, 174) days after the booster dose (Time5), 194 (179.5, 214) days after the booster dose (Time6) and within one month after the breakthrough infection (Time7). Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. The dynamics of antibody levels were analyzed and the effects of age, gender, weight, BMI, blood type and smoking on antibody levels were also analyzed. 【Results】 The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 53.2% (58/109) at Time0, 100% (109/109) at Time1, and 95.4% (104/109) at Time6. The antibody levels were significantly higher at Time1 and Time6 than at Time0 (P0.05). The IgG antibody level at Time7 was 2.07 times than that at Time1 (P0.05). The IgG antibody level in breakthrough infection group was significantly higher than that in non-breakthrough infection group (P<0.001). 【Conclusion】 Booster doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and breakthrough infections can stimulate stronger immune responses in the body. It is recommended to collect specific immune plasma or convalescent plasma within one month after breakthrough infections or booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine for special purposes. The timing of subsequent vaccine doses should be based on the dynamics of antibody levels. It is necessary to continuously monitor antibody levels to provide evidence for subsequent vaccine doses.

Academic characteristics of contemporary famous traditional Chinese medicine experts and schools in treatment of chronic renal failure based on SrTO / 中国中药杂志

According to the systematic review of text and opinion(SrTO) developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI), this study integrated the evidence of the medical cases, papers, medical experience, and other related research of famous experts and schools on the treatment of chronic renal failure in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nephropathy, analyzed the academic characteristics and influencing factors from the aspects of the principle, method, recipe, and medicines, and explored the internal logic and law of inheritance and innovation in TCM nephropathy. A total of 36 famous TCM experts and 4 schools were included. The work areas are concentrated in North and South China. 94.0% of the famous TCM experts have experienced master-disciple teaching. 27.8% have studied TCM through family succession. 38.9% have been taught by multiple famous teachers. And 5.6% have not experienced master-disciple teaching. In terms of principle, method, recipe, and medicines, many innovations have been made, with 30.6% of famous TCM experts proposing new theories, 11.1% advocating staged treatment of chronic renal failure, and 47.2% summarizing the treatment methods. The formation of the academic thoughts of contemporary famous TCM experts and schools on the treatment of chronic renal failure is closely related to the learning mode, era, and work area. Contemporary famous TCM experts and schools have the academic characteristics of combining classical and clinical theories and paying more attention to TCM with western medicine supplemented. The field of TCM nephropathy has the characteristics of simultaneous inheritance and innovation. On the basis of inheriting the classical theories of TCM, it absorbs modern medical theories, combines clinical diagnosis with the syndrome and treatment law of contemporary diseases, and makes innovations in principle, method, recipe, and medicines, which has significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic renal failure.

Development and validation of a deep learning model to screen hypokalemia from electrocardiogram in emergency patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#A deep learning model (DLM) that enables non-invasive hypokalemia screening from an electrocardiogram (ECG) may improve the detection of this life-threatening condition. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of a DLM for the detection of hypokalemia from the ECGs of emergency patients.@*METHODS@#We used a total of 9908 ECG data from emergency patients who were admitted at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China, from September 2017 to October 2020. The DLM was trained using 12 ECG leads (lead I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, and V1-6) to detect patients with serum potassium concentrations <3.5 mmol/L and was validated using retrospective data from the Jiangling branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. The blood draw was completed within 10 min before and after the ECG examination, and there was no new or ongoing infusion during this period.@*RESULTS@#We used 6904 ECGs and 1726 ECGs as development and internal validation data sets, respectively. In addition, 1278 ECGs from the Jiangling branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were used as external validation data sets. Using 12 ECG leads (leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, and V1-6), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the DLM was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77-0.82) for the internal validation data set. Using an optimal operating point yielded a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 77.1%. Using the same 12 ECG leads, the external validation data set resulted in an AUC for the DLM of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.75-0.79). Using an optimal operating point yielded a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 69.1%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In this study, using 12 ECG leads, a DLM detected hypokalemia in emergency patients with an AUC of 0.77 to 0.80. Artificial intelligence could be used to analyze an ECG to quickly screen for hypokalemia.

Time-dependent Changes of Blood Pressure in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test for Females with Hypertension / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the time-dependent changes of blood pressure with the increase of exercise intensity and its clinical significance in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test for female patients with hypertension. Methods:From August, 2018 to August, 2019, 64 patients (hypertension group) who did not take β-receptor blockers and dihydropyridine calcium antagonists were selected from grade 1 and grade 2 hypertension women excluding myocardial ischemia with Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test. And 86 healthy women (non-hypertension group) excluding myocardial ischemia from the same period of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test were selected as the controls for retrospective analysis. The time-dependent changes of blood pressure with the increase of exercise intensity were compared between two groups. Results:The blood pressures at resting for three minutes, anaerobic threshold and peak were significantly higher in the hypertension group than in the non-hypertension group (Z > 3.306, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in peak oxygen uptake between two groups (Z = 1.549, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The blood pressure of the patients with grade 1 and grade 2 hypertension is prone to over elevation, who should pay more attention on blood pressure in sports and rehabilitation.

Study on phenotypic screening and molecular genetics of rare blood type Jk(a-b-) in donors of Fujian province / 临床检验杂志

Objective To investigate the frequency of Jk(a-b-) phenotype of Kidd blood type system in blood donors of Fujian province and its genetic characteristics.Methods The Jk (a-b-) phenotype in the blood samples obtained from 180 626 donors were screened by using urea lysis assay and the suspected Jk(a-b-) pbenotype individuals were confirmed using conventional serological method.The genomic DNA covering the sequence from exon 1 to exon 11 of JK gene and respective flanking area(50-150 bp),as well as the promoter were amplified by polymerase chain reaction,and the products of PCR were directly sequenced.The genotypes of 7 SNPs of JK gene in the blood samples from 200 blood donors of Fujian province were detected by SNaPshot assay.Results Of 180 626 blood donors,15 cases with Jk(a-b-) phenotype were identified.The genomic analysis for the 15 cases revealed the four recessive JK-null alleles,i.e.,JK*B(IVS5-1G＞A),JK*B(896G＞A),JK*A(130G＞A,220A ＞G) and JK* B(130G ＞A,956C ＞ T) were observed with frequency of 66.67％,23.33％,6.67％ and 3.33％,respectively.SNaPshot results showed the frequency of JK * B (IVS5-1 G ＞ A) was 0.75 ％ and G130A was the common polymorphism.No A220G,C222T,C956T and G896A mutation was found in the 200 blood donors.Conclusion The frequency of Jk (a-b-) blood type in the donors of Fujian population was estimated about 0.008％.JK * B(IVS5-1G ＞ A) and JK * B(896G ＞ A) alleles may be the predominate circulating genes in Fujian population with Jk (a-b-) phenotype.Direct DNA sequencing revealed a novel allele leading to JK-null,SLC14A1 130A,220G.

Expressions of transforming growth factor-beta(1) and Smad4 in rat models of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis and their clinical significance / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of transforming growth factor-beta(1) and Smad4 in the prostatic tissue of rat models of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP), and to explore the mechanisms of CNP and its fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty 6-month-old SD rats were randomly allocated into three groups of equal number: normal control, 30 d CNP model and 45 d CNP model, the models made by castration + high-dose intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate. The expressions of TGF-beta1 and Smad4 in the prostatic tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal controls, the 30 d and 45 d CNP rat models showed a significantly increased expression of TGF-beta1 and decreased expression of Smad4 (P < 0.05), even more significantly in the 45 d than in the 30 d group. And the expression of TGF-beta1 was negatively correlated with that of Smad4 in the CNP rat models.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGF-beta1 and Smad4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CNP, and prostatic fibrosis may make the condition difficult to cure.</p>

Evaluation of the capacity of personal protection on poison emergency items in Chinese disease control and prevention institutes / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the capacity of personal protection on poison emergency items in Chinese disease control and prevention institutes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Evaluation analysis based on data obtained from investigating personal protection equipments and professional knowledge quizzing about personal protection in poisoning control of 57 different level centers for disease control and prevention selected from China by a multi-stage stratified sampling.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 80.70% of the institutes possessed the protection equipments, provincial, municipal, county level institutes were 100.00%, 95.24%, 66.67%, respectively, with significant statistical difference (H = 7.94, P < 0.05). The average level of the type of individual protective equipments in disease control and prevention institutes was (5.42 +/- 4.00) kinds, the average points in category of provincial, municipal, county level institutes were (11.33 +/- 3.67), (6.52 +/- 3.16), (3.47 +/- 3.10) kinds, being statistically significant (F = 17.30, P < 0.05); type difference counts of disease control and prevention institutes in economic development, secondary, less-developed regions were (6.41 +/- 4.03), (3.55 +/- 3.35), (6.45 +/- 4.07) kinds, with statistical significance (F = 3.70, P < 0.05). Protection equipments chiefly possessed were latex gloves, gauze masks and C-protective clothing. Protective clothing and respiratory protective equipments were insufficient evidently. The average points in testing personal protection basic knowledge were (71.39 +/- 12.52) points; there were no differences between different institutes with different economic regions, levels, technical posts and title degrees.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Certain advances have been achieved in recent years in personal protection capacity of institutes for disease control and prevention, but far from the actual demands, and maybe no enough effective response on emergency occurred.</p>

Association of XRCC1 gene polymorphisms with idiopathic azoospermia in a Chinese population / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To assess the possible role of genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair gene XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1) during spermatogenesis by investigating the associations of one promoter polymorphism (T-77C) and two exonic polymorphisms (Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln) in XRCC1 gene with risk of idiopathic azoospermia in a Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genotype and allele frequencies of three observed polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism based on a Chinese population consisting of 171 idiopathic azoospermia subjects and 247 normal-spermatogenesis controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In our study, all the observed genotype frequencies were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The 399A (GA+AA) allele frequency for idiopathic azoospermia subjects and controls was 0.216 and 0.269, respectively. Compared with GG genotype, the AA genotype of Arg399Gln showed a significant association with a decreased risk of idiopathic azoospermia (odds ratio = 0.315; 95% confidence interval = 0.12-0.86). However, no significant differences were found between the cases and controls for T-77C and Arg194Trp polymorphisms. The major haplotypes of XRCC1 gene were TCG, TTG and TCA, whereas no haplotypes appeared to be significantly associated with idiopathic azoospermia based on the cutoff of P < 0.05.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In a selected Chinese population, AA genotype of Arg399Gln appears to contribute to a decreased risk of idiopathic azoospermia, while we have not any evidence of involvement of XRCC1 T-77C and Arg194Trp polymorphisms in idiopathic azoospermia.</p>

Effects of carbaryl production exposure on the sperm and semen quality of occupational male workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse the male reproductive toxicity of carbaryl.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-one male carbaryl exposure workers and 46 male administrators in the office in a pesticide factory were selected as the exposure group and internal control group respectively, and 22 male administrators in a center for disease control and prevention were served as the external control group. In order to evaluate the exposure levels, the concentrations of carbaryl, methyl isocyanate, ammonia and phenol in the ambient air of the work place in these three groups were monitored simultaneously for three consecutive days. Moreover, three workers in the exposure group and the external control group were selected to evaluate the amount of carbaryl of individual and dermal contamination for three consecutive days. After the semen were collected according to the standard method, the workers'semen qualities were analysed with WHO method, the sperm morphology and the sperm motility were evaluated using micro-cell slide spectrum technology and computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the exposure group, the concentrations of carbaryl and phenol (52.41 mg/m(3) and 0.08 mg/m(3) respectively) were significantly higher than those in the internal and external control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the carbaryl exposure area the geometric mean concentration of carbaryl with the individual sampling was 7.38 mg/m(3), and the geometric mean of dermal contamination detected in the carbaryl exposure area was 862.47 mg/m(2). Carbaryl was not found in the external control area (P < 0.01). The seminal volume [(2.39 +/- 1.44) ml] and the sperm motility [(1.77 +/- 0.61) grade] were significantly lower than those in the external control group (P < 0.05), and sperm motion parameters such as linearity (LIN, 39.89% +/- 6.00%), straightness (STR, 71.51% +/- 11.22%), straight line velocity [VSL, (26.29 +/- 7.84) microm/s] and beat cross frequency [BCF, (3.99 +/- 1.55) Hz] were lower than those in the internal and external control group (P < 0.05), while the abnormal rates of viscidity, sperm motility and total aberration rate were higher than those in the external control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Occupational exposure to carbaryl production can affect the workers'sperm and semen quality to certain extent.</p>

Toxicokinetics of tetramethylene disulphotetramine / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore toxicokinetics of tetramethylene disulphotetramine (TETS) in rabbit and the effects on toxicokinetics of TETS after activated charcoal by gavage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight rabbits were exposed through gavage and vein respectively, the blood samples were collected from the center artery in ear of rabbit at an arranged time. Four rabbits were exposed after being intubated into urethra and common bile duct. The samples of bile and urine were collected at arranged times. After being exposed by gavage, activated charcoal (1 g/kg) was administrated in the activated charcoal group and the distilled water (1 g/kg) administrated to the controls. The samples of blood were collected from the center artery in ear of rabbit at arranged times. The contents of TETS in samples were determined by GC/NPD method. Analysed by the 3p87 soft, toxicokinetics parameters of TETS were acquired.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TETS was eliminated very slowly in rabbit. The plasma half time in elimination phase (Tke1/2) of TETS was 56.9 hours in vein exposure group and 262.5 hours in oral exposure group respectively. The plasma clearance (CL) of it was only 15.4 ml.kg(-1).h(-1) in oral exposure group and 24.1 ml.kg(-1).h(-1) in vein exposure group. TETS was eliminated from urine in rabbit. The eliminated amount of it from urine was more 5 times than from bile. All parameters of toxicokinetics of TETS were significantly different between the activated charcoal group and the control. Compared to the control, Tke1/2 of TETS in the activated charcoal group was equal to 55%, CL was increased over 3-fold, area under the curve was equal to 30%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TETS was a poison eliminated very slowly in body. The eliminated amount of it from urine was more than from bile. The excretion of TETS could be quickened after activated charcoal by gavage.</p>

Evaluation of therapeutic project on acute tetramethylene disulphotetramine poisoning and effect on intelligence in children / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate four therapeutic measures on acute tetramethylene disulphotetramine (TETS) poisoning and the effects of it on intelligence of children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 86 patients of acute TETS poisoning were randomly divided into 4 groups (the control group, sodium valproate group, sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate group and the hemoperfusion group). The therapeutic effects were observed after the arranged treatment was administrated. According to age, residence, sex, education and domestic economy, 30 children were matched by 1:1 with children of TETS poisoning.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The termination time of seizure, doses of diazepam, mental symptoms and the continual time of mental symptoms were not significantly different among these three groups. After hemoperfusion, the seizure of patients was terminated or the frequency was obviously decreased, but the level of TETS in blood was not reduced. The average scores of full intelligence quotient (FIQ), the verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and the performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) of children in poisoning group were 9.1, 8.8 and 7.7 less than the controls. The average scores of FIQ of children with bad state were 15 less than the controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Therapeutic effects of sodium valproate and sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate on acute TETS poisoning should be not better than using diazepam and sodium phenobarbital. Therapeutic effects of hemoperfusion on TETS poisoning is good. TETS poisoning should have a great influence on intelligence of children.</p>

Effects of fenvalerate exposure on the semen quality of occupational workers / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study the effects of fenvalerate exposure on the semen quality of occupational workers in order to find out the early effective biomarkers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two male workers who exposed to fenvalerate and 46 male administrators in the office in a pesticide factory were selected as the exposure group and internal control group, respectively, and 22 male administrators in a center for disease control were served as the external control group. In order to evaluate the exposed levels, the concentration of fenvalerate, toluene and xylene in the ambient air of working place in these three groups were monitored simultaneously for three consecutive days. After the semen were collected according to the standard method, the workers' semen qualities were analysed with University of California at Davis (UCDavis) method and the sperm motility were evaluated using computer assisted sperm analysis(CASA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the exposure group, the concentrations of fenvalerate were significantly higher than those in the internal and external control group (P < 0.01), while no significant difference of the concentration on toluene or xylene was found (P > 0.05). Sperm motion parameters in the exposure group such as linearity(LIN), straightness(STR), and the sperm count were decreased significantly, and the abnormality rate of viscidity, coagulation and sperm count were increased significantly as compared with the internal and the external control groups(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the sperm progression and beat cross frequency (BCF) in the exposure group were also lower significantly than those in the external control group(P < 0.05), while the abnormality rate of sperm progression was increased significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In such a low concentration, occupational exposure to fenvalerate can affect workers' semen quality, especially the sperm count and sperm movement ability.</p>

Effects of fenvalerate on reproductive and endocrine systems of male rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the impairment of fenvalerate on reproductive and endocrine systems and clarify the mechanism of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Different doses of fenvalerate (0, 2, 4, 12, 60 mg/kg) were orally treated to the adult male SD rats for 15 days and 30 days, respectively. The levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone(T) and testis homogenate T were determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA). Besides, the activity of testicular marked enzymes such as acid phosphatases(ACP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(gamma-GT) were examined, and sperm head counts were measured to explain the changes of daily sperm production(Spr).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In fifteen days, serum FSH levels markedly increased in rats exposed to fenvalerate of < or = 12 mg/kg groups(P < 0.01) and serum levels of LH increased in 12 mg/kg group(P < 0.01). In addition, T levels in testis homogenates decreased after treated with the doses of > or = 12 mg/kg groups compared with the control group(P < 0.01). In thirty days, serum contents of FSH were significantly elevated in the doses of > or = 12 mg/kg groups(P < 0.01) and homogenate levels of T were diminished in the low dose group(2.4 mg/kg) (P < 0.05). Activity of ACP increased in 12 mg/kg group after fifteen days(P < 0.05) and was restrained in the high dose group(60 mg/kg) in thirty days(P < 0.05), but the contents of gamma-GT were arrested with different doses dependently in the testis(P < 0.05). Fenvalerate caused dose-dependent reduction in sperm head counts and daily sperm production, which markedly reduced at the doses of > or = 12 mg/kg groups(P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Fenvalerate has obvious reproductive toxicity on male rats and can change their serum and testis homogenate levels of sex hormone or activity of testicular marked enzymes, which may be correlated with the impairment of Sertoli cell and spermatogenic epithelium.</p>