Correlation analysis and breeding application of agronomic traits and quality indexes in Dendrobium nobile / 中国中药杂志

The present study aimed to explore the correlation between agronomic traits and quality indexes of Dendrobium nobile and its application value in agricultural breeding. The cultivated strains of D. nobile in Hejiang-Chishui producing areas were extensively collected,and the main agronomic traits and quality indexes were measured. The agronomic traits with significant correlation with quality indexes were screened out by the correlation analysis,and then the parental lines and self-bred F_1 generation plants were furtherverified. Among 96 lines of D. nobile,the content of soluble polysaccharides showed a significant negative correlation with dendrobine( P < 0. 01),and no significant correlation with agronomic traits in stems and leaves. The content of dendrobine exhibited a significant positive correlation with the stem width-thickness ratio( at the largest cross section; P < 0. 01),and no significant correlation with other agronomic traits. Regression analysis further verified the positive correlation between dendrobine content and stem width-thickness ratio( R2> 0. 9). Two lines,JC-10 and JC-35,with significant differences in stem width-thickness ratio were screened out( P <0. 05). The corresponding F1 generation plants by self-pollination both showed that the dendrobine content was higher with greater stem width-thickness ratio( P < 0. 01). The experimental results suggested that within a certain range,the dendrobine content was higher in D. nobile with flatter stem. Therefore,in the breeding of D. nobile,this specific trait could be used for screening plants with high content of quality indexes such as dendrobine.

Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis associated with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: a case report

Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) can present with different morphologic features and lead to kidney failure. The Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) that cannot be relieved by treatment with glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive agents suggests the presence of monoclonal gammopathy in adult patients. The present study reports on a single case of HSPN associated with IgA-κMGRS. The patient who suffered from recurrent skin purpura for 6 months and nephrotic syndrome for 2 months was admitted to our hospital. Bone marrow biopsy showed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Kidney biopsy indicated a Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN, ISKDC classified as type III) with positive staining with κ-light chain in the glomeruli and renal tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis and negative staining for Congo red and light chain. Given both the renal and cutaneous involvement, the patient was considered to have HSPN associated with IgA-κMGRS. The patient experienced an exacerbation in his purpura-like lesions and clinical status after treatment with glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive agents. Consequently, the patient was put on a regimen that included dexamethasone (20 mg on the 1st, 4th, 8th, and 11th days of each month, iv) and bortezomib (2.4 mg on the 1st, 4th, 8th, and 11th days of each month, iv). Eight weeks after treatment, he had complete resolution of his cutaneous purpura and his biochemical parameters improved. The latent presence of MGRS in cases of HSPN should be considered in adult patients. Increased cognizance and correct treatment options could improve patient outcomes.

Comparison of Polysaccharide and Dendrobine Content in Hejiang Dendrobium nobile at Different Harvesting Time / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To determine quality indexes of Hejiang Dendrobium nobile at different harvesting time and months,and to provide scientific reference for reasonable harvesting period of Hejiang D.nobile.METHODS:The stem of annual,biennial and triennial D.nobile were collected.The drying rate,the contents of polysaccharides (colorimetry),dendrobine (GC) and total alkaloids (colorimetry),effective component total rate (dendrobine×drying rate) were measured.Biennial D.nobile were collected in autumn and winter (Oct.of the second year-Mar.of the third year,15th day a month) to determine drying rate,the contents of polysaccharides and dendrobine.RESULTS:The drying rate,the contents of polysaccharides and effective component total rate were higher than annual and triennial D.nobile.The content of total alkaloids and dendrobine were in descending order:annual D.nobile (0.52％,0.48％) ＞biennial D.nobile(0.48％,0.44％) ＞triennial D.nobile (0.32％,0.22％).From Oct.of the second year to Mar.of the third year,the drying rate of biennial D.nobile was increasing month by month;the contents of polysaccharides and dendrobine increased firstly and then decreased;the content of polysaccharide was the highest in Feb.(17.32％),and the content of dendrobine reached the highest level in Dec.(0.51％).CONCLUSIONS:The optimal harvesting period is biennial Hejiang D.nobile in Dec.and Jan.(third years before flowering),considering flowering characteristics,drying rate,the contents of polysaccharide and dendrobine.

Levels of surfactant proteins A and D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with pneumonia and their relationships with clinical characteristics / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the levels of pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with pneumonia, and to explore their relationships with clinical characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five children with pneumonia were enrolled in this study. Differential cell counts were obtained by Countstar counting board. The levels of SP-A and SP-D in BALF were detected using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In children with pneumonia, SP-D levels were significantly higher than SP-A levels (P<0.001). SP-D levels were negatively correlated with the neutrophil percentage in BALF (r(s)=-0.5255, P<0.01). SP-D levels in BALF in children with increased blood C-reactive protein levels (>8 mg/L) were significantly lower than in those with a normal level of C-reactive protein (P<0.05). Compared with those in children without wheezing, SP-D levels in children with wheezing were significantly lower (P<0.01). There was no correlation between SP-A levels and clinical characteristics.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SP-D levels in BALF are significantly higher than SP-A levels, and have a certain correlation with clinical characteristics in children with pneumonia. As a protective factor, SP-D plays a more important role than SP-A in regulating the immune and inflammatory responses.</p>

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of ferulic acid-puerarin-astragaloside in combination with neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Objective: To investigate the effects of the active ingredients combined therapy on inflammatory factors interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) based on pharmacodynamics in rats. Methods: The animal model was built by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The method for evaluating the concentrations of the FA-Pr-Al components in rat plasma was established by using HPLC and the expression levels of IL-1β and NPY were determined by ELISA. A new mathematics method of the trend of percentage rate of change (PRC) was used to assess the correlation between pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Results: FA-Pr-Al in combination reduced neurological deficits, decreased infarct volume and inhibited the expression levels of IL-1β and NPY (all Pmax was reached. Astragaloside's PRC value was significantly higher than those of FA and puerarin between 120 to 180 min. Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of FA-Pr-Al in combination were closely related its pharmacodynamics in treating ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the components of FA-Pr-Al may have a synergistic pharmacological effect. Astragaloside may play a more pronounced role in regulating IL-1βand NPY levels compared with puerarin or FA.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of ferulic acid-puerarin-astragaloside in combination with neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of the active ingredients combined therapy on inflammatory factors interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) based on pharmacodynamics in rats.@*METHODS@#The animal model was built by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The method for evaluating the concentrations of the FA-Pr-Al components in rat plasma was established by using HPLC and the expression levels of IL-1β and NPY were determined by ELISA. A new mathematics method of the trend of percentage rate of change (PRC) was used to assess the correlation between pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD).@*RESULTS@#FA-Pr-Al in combination reduced neurological deficits, decreased infarct volume and inhibited the expression levels of IL-1β and NPY (all P<0.05) compared with the model group. FA, Pr and Al all displayed two compartment open models in rats. Clockwise hysteresis loops were obtained by time-concentration-effect curves. IL-1β and NPY level changes in the plasma followed an opposite trend to the plasma concentration tendency after Cmax was reached. Astragaloside's PRC value was significantly higher than those of FA and puerarin between 120 to 180 min.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The pharmacokinetics of FA-Pr-Al in combination were closely related its pharmacodynamics in treating ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the components of FA-Pr-Al may have a synergistic pharmacological effect. Astragaloside may play a more pronounced role in regulating IL-1βand NPY levels compared with puerarin or FA.

Clinical analysis of transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with occluders made in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Results of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSD) transcatheter closure have been reported in the literature mostly using a Amplatzer VSD device. However, the data of percutaneous closure of pmVSD with VSD occluder (VSD-O) made in China are still limited. We sought to analyze safety, efficacy, and follow-up results of percutaneous closure of pmVSD with VSD-O made in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between February 2005 and June 2009, 78 patients underwent percutaneous closure of pmVSD at our institution. A VSD device made in China was used for all subjects. The safety and the efficacy of the VSD-O were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age at closure was 11 years (range 2.5 to 44 years). The attempt to place device was successful in 74 patients (94.9%). The average device size used was 8 mm (range 5 to 16 mm). No deaths occurred. Total occlusion rate was 62.8% at completion of the procedure, rising up to 87.2% at discharge and 99.0% during follow-up. A total of eight early complications occurred (10.3%), but in all subjects these were transient. The average follow-up period was 40.5 months. The most significant complication was complete atrioventricular block (cAVB) in the early phase (five subjects, 6.4%) and during the follow-up (1 subject, 1.3%), which saw no need for pacemaker implantation in six subjects. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the age was only the variable significantly associated with the occurrence of this complication during the procedure (P = 0.025; relative risk 0.22). The subjects who experienced this complication were less than five years old.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Percutaneous pmVSD closure used VSD-O made in China is associated with excellent success and closure rates, no mortality, and low morbidity. Longer follow-up data and improvements in device characteristics are needed to reduce the risk of cAVB.</p>

Effects of socioeconomic status on the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and clinical treatments of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of socioeconomic status on the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and clinical treatments of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Beijing.Methods In Beijing, a prospective, muhi-center, registration study was carried out which including 800 patients who were consecutively hospitalized for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction within 24 hours after event attack in 19 different hospitals in Beijing between November, 2005 and December, 2006.Indicators of socioeconomic status included self-reported personal income (＜500, 500-2000,＞2000 RMB/month), educational attainment (≤ 12 and ＞ 12 years) and status of medical insurance (yes/no).According to categories of education, patients were categorized into two groups of lower socioeconomic status and higher socioeconomic status. Differences of cardiovascular risk factors and clinical treatments were compared across the two groups respectively. Results Proportion of diabetes and hyperlipidemia in patients with higher socioeconomic status was much higher than that of patients with lower socioeconomic status (P＜0.05, P＜0.01 respectively). Patients with lower socioeconomic status were more likely to be smokers (P ＜0.05). The rates of receiving coronary angiography and PTCA were much lower in patients with lower socioeconomic status. Medical insurance and income were the most important two socioeconomic factors determining the use of PTCA. Conclusion Compared to patients with lower socioeconomic status,patients with higher socioeconomic status had higher rates of hyperlipidemia and diabetes but lower smoking rate among cardiovascular risk factors. The rates of receiving interventional therapies were much lower in patients with lower socioeconomic status.

Spectral analysis of blood pressure signal in conscious rats released from simulated microgravity / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to examine whether there are changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (HR) and their spectral indices in conscious free-moving rats after tail-suspension for 28 d. The tail-suspended hindlimb-unloaded (HU) rat model was used to simulate the cardiovascular effect of microgravity and the post-spaceflight cardiovascular dysfunction. The auto- and cross-spectral analysis of SBP variability (SBPV) and HR variability (HRV) were performed by the method based on the autoregressive model (AR), and the auto-spectral results was compared with the results from the classical periodogram method. The baroreceptor-heart rate reflex sensitivity (BRS) was estimated using transfer function analysis from SBP to HR. The results indicated that auto-spectral results based on the two methods were comparable, while smoother power spectral curves with distinguished peaks were trained by the AR method. The means of SBP, DBP, and HR, the main spectral indices of SBPV and HRV, and the mean average gain of transfer functions computed at low- and high-frequency ranges (0.25-0.8 Hz and 0.8-2.4 Hz) did not show significant changes before and after release from suspension. Furthermore, the main spectral indices of SBPV and HRV at different time points did not show significant differences between the control and suspension groups. However, the means of SBP, DBP, and HR at different time points were significantly higher in simulated weightless rats than those in the control rats. The findings of the present study suggest that a mid-term simulated microgravity might induce hypertension and tachycardia upon removal from the suspension which reflects a general sympathetic hyperactivity. We speculated that the sympathetic hyperactivity might be a compensatory mechanism activated in the intact animal to counteract HU-induced hypo-responsiveness of resistance vessels. In addition, lack of clear and distinct changes in HRV and BRS have also been reported in some recent space and ground-based human studies.

Public knowledge of heart attack symptoms in Beijing residents / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Definitive treatment for heart attack is early reperfusion with either angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy, and the benefit is strictly time-dependent. Patient outcomes are improved with either therapy when initiated as soon as possible. Recognition of heart attack symptoms is logically tied to taking action to receive prompt emergency care. Inadequate knowledge of heart attack symptoms may prolong delay. The purpose of this study was to document knowledge about heart attack symptoms in Beijing residents and to identify the characteristics associated with increased knowledge of heart attack.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A structured survey was conducted in 18 communities in Beijing from March 1 through June 10 in 2006. Addresses and participants were selected randomly following a stratification. The survey was designed to collect knowledge of heart attack symptoms from sampled adults in each community.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 4627 respondents completed the questionnaires correctly, and 50.29% of them were female. Totally 64.15% of the respondents reported chest pain or discomfort (common symptoms) as a symptom of heart attack; 75.38% reported at least one of the following eight symptoms as a symptom of heart attack: back pain, shortness of breath, arm pain or numbness, nausea or vomiting, neck, jaw or shoulder pain, epigastric pain, sweating, weakness (less common symptoms); 20.36% correctly reported four or more heart attack symptoms, only 7.4% knew all the correct heart attack symptoms, and 28.94% knew about reperfusion therapy for heart attack; 31.7% reported to call 120 or 999 while having a heart attack themselves; however 89.6% reported to call 120 or 999 when someone else is suffering from a heart attack. Very old persons and those with health insurance coverage, high education level, high household income, longer living in Beijing and previous experience with heart disease had greater knowledge of heart attack symptoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Public knowledge of common heart attack symptoms as well as less common heart attack symptoms is deficient in Beijing residents. But their knowledge of calling emergency medical services when someone is having a heart attack is relatively adequate. Public health efforts are needed to increase the recognition of the major heart attack symptoms in both the general public and groups at high risk for an acute cardiac event, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged subgroups, including persons with low education level, low household income, and no health insurance coverage.</p>

Experiment study of tongfu huoxue decoction in the treatment of intracelebral hemorrhage / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Tongfu Huoxue decoction on experimental intracelebral hemorrhage and the associated machenisms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The cerebral hemorrhage model in rats was induced by local injection of type VII collagenase and they were randomly divided into four groups. The treated groups were treated with Naoxuekang and Tongfu Huoxue decoction. The control groups were only treated with water. The changes of neurological defect were observed. The content of brain water, MDA, NO and the activity of SOD were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The cerebral hemorrhage rats showed hemiplegia, and the hemorrhage brains showed celebral edema, higher quotient of brain and content of brain water, suggesting the hemorrhage model was established successfully. After the treatment of Tongfu Huoxue decoction, the hemorrhage rats showed smaller hemorrhage volume, the brain tissue from the hemorrhage rats had lower MDA content and the quotient of brain, and also had higher activity of SOD and content of NO.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tongfu Huoxue decoction has treatment effects on cerebral hemorrhage.</p>

Prognostic Value of 99mTC-MIBI SPECT Exercise Myocardial Imaging in Patients with Suspected or Diagnosed Coronary Artery Disease / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo examine the prognostic value of 99mTC-MIBI single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with suspected or diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods116 patients with suspected or diagnosed CAD were examined with 99m TC-MIBI SPECT exercise and rest myocardial imagings, and followed by investigation of cardiac events.Results Follow-up information was complete in 106 patients. Over an average follow-up of 25±8 months, cardiac events occurred in 11 patients. Univariate analyses showed that age, old myocardial infarction, exercise peak heart rate, the change in heart rate from rest to exercise peak, exercise peak systolic blood pressure, the change in systolic blood pressure from rest to exercise peak, abnormal myocardial imaging, the number of myocardial perfusion defect and ischemic volume rate (IVR) were the effective predictors of subsequent cardiac events. Multivariate stepwise Logistic regression analyses revealed that the size of IVR was the only variable with independent predictive value for occurrence of subsequent cardiac events. IVR more than 25% was associated with a significantly increased frequency of subsequent cardiac events (relative risk ratio was 5.9, P<0.005). IVR less than 25% or even normal myocardial perfusion imaging was associated with a very low-risk of cardiac event and a very good prognosis.Conclusion 99mTC-MIBI SPECT myocardial imaging is the most effective noninvasive technique that predicted the occurrence of cardiac event in patients with suspected or diagnosed CAD. According to the size of IVR, high-risk and low-risk patients can be effectively identified.

Relationship between congenital long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome gene mutation / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the molecular pathology in families with long QT syndrome (LQTS) including Jervell-Longe-Nielsen syndrome (JLNS) and Romano-ward syndrome (RWS) and Brugada syndrome (BS) in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to screen for KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNE1, and SCN5A mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We identified a novel mutation N1774S in the SCN5A gene of the BS family, a novel mutation G314S in a RWS family which had also been found in Europe, North America, and Japan, and a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) G643S in the KCNQ1 of the JLNS family. In this JLNS family, another heterozygous novel mutation in exon 2a was found in KCNQ1 of the patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>New mutations were found in our experiment, which expand the spectrum of KCNQ1 and SCN5A mutations that cause LQTS and BS.</p>

Mutation analysis of a Chinese family with inherited long QT syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the mutation of a Chinese family with inherited long QT syndrome(LQTS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The disease-causing gene was tentatively determined in light of the clinical manifestations and electrophysiological properties, and then polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used for screening and identifying mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A missense mutation G940A(G314S) in the KCNQ1 gene was identified, which was the 'hot spot' of long QT syndrome mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mutation that is involved with long QT syndrome in Chinese patients is the same as that in the European, American and Japanese patients.</p>

Study on the disabilities in aged 0-7 years children in Shenzhen, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the prevalence of vision, mental, audibility, language, psychiatry, extremity, and influence factors in the 0 - 7 year olds.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total number of 77,727 0 - 7 year old children living in Shenzhen city were tested with tree phase screening under the Chinese standard of evaluation in disabilities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of all disabilities was 5.59 per thousand (adjusted rate was 8.49 per thousand with a false negative of 3.1 per thousand ). The prevalence of mental disease was the highest (1.88 per thousand, with adjusted rate 3.43 per thousand ), the prevalence of language disability was 1.88 per thousand (including retarded language development, with adjusted rate 3.43 per thousand ). The prevalence rates of psychiatry, extremity and audibility disability were 1.59 per thousand, 1.56 per thousand, 1.11 per thousand respectively with of vision the lowest (0.37 per thousand ). The prevalence of all disabilities, audibility, language and mental was on the increase with age. The difference was statistically significant. Among all different age groups regarding psychiatric disease, the highest fell in the 2 - 4 year olds. The prevalence of extremity was not statistically different among age groups. The suspected agents of disease which occurred before or during pregnancy took up 45.7%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of six kinds disabilities in Shenzhen was about 10 per thousand lower than that of the samples of the nation in 1989, but two times higher than that of similar studies in Japan. The prevalence rates of language and psychiatric disease were higher than that of the nation in 1989. The causation should be further studied.</p>