Single-cell profiling reveals Müller glia coordinate retinal intercellular communication during light/dark adaptation via thyroid hormone signaling

Light adaptation enables the vertebrate visual system to operate over a wide range of ambient illumination. Regulation of phototransduction in photoreceptors is considered a major mechanism underlying light adaptation. However, various types of neurons and glial cells exist in the retina, and whether and how all retinal cells interact to adapt to light/dark conditions at the cellular and molecular levels requires systematic investigation. Therefore, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to dissect retinal cell-type-specific transcriptomes during light/dark adaptation in mice. The results demonstrated that, in addition to photoreceptors, other retinal cell types also showed dynamic molecular changes and specifically enriched signaling pathways under light/dark adaptation. Importantly, Müller glial cells (MGs) were identified as hub cells for intercellular interactions, displaying complex cell‒cell communication with other retinal cells. Furthermore, light increased the transcription of the deiodinase Dio2 in MGs, which converted thyroxine (T4) to active triiodothyronine (T3). Subsequently, light increased T3 levels and regulated mitochondrial respiration in retinal cells in response to light conditions. As cones specifically express the thyroid hormone receptor Thrb, they responded to the increase in T3 by adjusting light responsiveness. Loss of the expression of Dio2 specifically in MGs decreased the light responsive ability of cones. These results suggest that retinal cells display global transcriptional changes under light/dark adaptation and that MGs coordinate intercellular communication during light/dark adaptation via thyroid hormone signaling.

Value of endorectal ultrasonography and MRI examination in the preoperative evaluation of T staging and circumferential resection margin of rectal cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the value of endorectal ultrasonography (ERUS) and MRI examination in the preoperative evaluation of T staging and circumferential resection margin (CRM) of rectal cancer.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 193 patients [122 males and 71 females,age (60± 12)years with the range of 26-90 years] who underwent radical resection of rectal cancer at the First Hospital of Jilin University from May 2016 to January 2018 were collected.All patients underwent ERUS and MRI examination before surgery,total mesorectal excision during surgery and postoperative pathological examination.Postoperative pathological results as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity in T staging and the CRM diagnostic coincidence rate of rectal carcinoma by ERUS and MRI examination are evaluated.Observation indicators:(1) evaluation of T staging of rectal cancer by ERUS and MRI examination;(2) evaluation of CRM in rectal cancer by ERUS and MRI examination.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD.Sensitivity,specificity and coincidence rate were calculated by chi-square test of paired fourfold table.McNemar test was used to compare the coincidence rate of T staging between ERUS and MRI examination.Consistency between CRM measurement by ERUS examination and pathological examination of rectal cancer was conducted by Kappa analysis.Fisher exact probability test was used to compare the coincidence rate of positive CRM between ERUS and MRI examination.Results (1) Evaluation of T staging of rectal cancer by ERUS and MRI examination.The overall coincidence rate of T staging of rectal cancer and coincidence rates of T1,T2,T3,T4 staging by ERUS examination were 74.61％ (144/193),93.78％ (181/193),80.83％ (156/193),79.79％ (154/193) and 94.82％ (183/193),respectively.The sensitivity ofT1,T2,T3 and T4 staging was 55.56％ (10/18),77.50％ (31/40),78.46％ (102/130),20.00％ (1/5),and the specificity was 97.71％ (171/175),81.70％ (125/153),82.54％ (52/63),96.81％ (182/188),respectively.The overall coincidence rate of T staging of rectal cancer and coincidence rates of T1,T2,T3,T4 staging by MRI examination were 50.78％ (98/193),90.67％ (175/193),74.09％ (143/193),58.55％ (113/193) and 78.24％ (151/193),respectively.The sensitivity of T1,T2,T3 and T4 staging was 0 (0/18),17.50％ (7/40),68.46％ (89/130),40.00％ (2/5),and the specificity was 100.00％ (175/175),88.89％ (136/153),38.10％ (24/63),79.26％ (149/188),respectively.There was statistically significant difference between the overall coincidence rate of ERUS and MRI examination for T staging of rectal cancer (x2 =8.631,P＜0.05).(2) Evaluation of CRM in rectal cancer by ERUS and MRI examination.The sensitivity and specificity of positive CRM evaluation of rectal cancer by ERUS examination were 100.00％ (5/5) and 97.34％ (183/188) respectively,and the coincidence rate with results of pathological examination was 97.41％ (188/193),showing a high consistency between positive CRM evaluation of rectal cancer by ERUS examination and pathological examination (Kappa value =0.655,P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of positive CRM evaluation of rectal cancer by MRI examination were 40.00％ (2/5) and 92.02％ (173/188),and the coincidence rate with pathological examination was 90.67％ (175/193),respectively,showing a high consistency between positive CRM evaluation of rectal cancer by MRI and pathological examination (Kappa value =0.206,P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the diagnostic coincidence rate and specificity of CRM positive evaluation for rectal cancer between ERUS and MRI examination (x2 =5.896,P＜0.05).Conclusion ERUS examination has a high coincidence rate in the preoperative T staging of rectal cancer and a high consistency between positive CRM evaluation of rectal cancer with pathological examination,which are superior to MRI examination in the two aspects.

Progress in gastric cancer screening with serum markers, endoscopy and imaging / 中华全科医师杂志

The morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer are high in China.It is of great significance to explore a screening scheme for gastric cancer that suits Chinese conditions.This article reviews the risk factors,the status of screening at home and abroad and the commonly used screening methods of gastric cancer.The articlealso recommends a screening model,in which endoscopic and imaging examination are applied for high-risk population identified by detection of the serum markers such as pepsinogen,gastrin-17 and Helicobacter pylori antibody.

Safety and efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for advanced gastric cancer.Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 108 patients undergoing radical LAG for advanced gastric cancer from March 2008 to November 2011.Results 98 out of 108 patients were followed-up,the follow-up rate was 90.7％,with medium follow-up period of 30 months (range 6-70 months).26 patients died and 3 patients developed recurrence during the follow-up period.The overall recurrence rate was 26.9％ (29/108),in which the recurrence rate was 0 for Ⅰ B cases,18.8％ (6/32) for ⅡA,30％ (6/20) for ⅡB,30.8％ (8/26) for ⅢA,and37.5％ (9/24) for ⅢB,respectively.The overall 1,2,3-year survival rates were 95.4％,88.9％,73.8％,and 1,2,3-year progression free survival rates were 93.5％,83.3％,73.8％,respectively.Conclusions Compared with open gastrectomy LAG is a safe and feasible surgical procedure with satisfactory 3-year survival in patients of advanced gastric carcinoma.