Is pre-oxygenation with high-flow nasal oxygen safe? randomized control trial of 56 cases of elderly patients during induction of general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the safety of preoxygenation with high-flow nasal oxygenation in elderly patients during induction of general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.@*METHODS@#Fifty-six elderly patients without difficult airway were randomized equally into high-flow nasal oxygen group (HF group) and conventional mask oxygen group (M group). Preoxygenation was performed for 5 min before induction of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation. Oxygenation was maintained during laryngoscopy in HF group, and ventilation lasted until laryngoscopy in M group. For all the patients, the general data, cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum measured by ultrasonography, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (cSO2) were recorded before preoxygenation (T1), at 5 min of preoxygenation (T2) and immediately after intubation (T3). The safety time of asphyxia, intubation time, times of mask ventilation and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The general data were comparable between the two groups. After 5 min of preoxygenation, PaO2 and cSO2 were significantly increased in both groups, and PaO2 was significantly higher in HF group than in M group (F=118.108 vs 9.511, P < 0.05). Both PaO2 and cSO2 decreased after intubation, but PaO2 decreased more slowly in HF group and still remained higher than that at T1; cSO2 decreased significantly in M group to a lower level than that at T1. Compared with those in M group, the patients in HF group showed a significantly longer safety time of asphyxia (t=5.305, P < 0.05) with fewer times of mask ventilation (χ2= 6.720, P < 0.05). PaCO2 increased after intubation in both groups but was comparable between the two groups (F=3.138, P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#High-flow nasal oxygen is safe, simple and effective for pre-oxygenation, which, as compared with the conventional oxygen mask, improves arterial oxygen partial pressure and prolongs the safety time of asphyxia to ensure the safety of airway management during induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients with endotracheal intubation.

Response of macrophages in rat skeletal muscle after eccentric exercise / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>Macrophages are known to be important for healing numerous injured tissues depending on their functional phenotypes in response to different stimuli. The objective of this study was to reveal macrophage phenotypic changes involved in exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury and regeneration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats experienced one session of downhill running (16° decline, 16 m/min) for 90 min. After exercise the blood and soleus muscles were collected at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 1 w and 2 w after exercise, separately.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>It was showed that CD68 M1 macrophages mainly infiltrated into muscle necrotic sites at 1-3 d, while CD163 M2 macrophages were present in muscles from 0 h to 2 weeks after exercise. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed activated satellite cells 1 d after exercise. Th1-associated transcripts of iNOS and Ccl2 were inhibited post exercise, while COX-2 mRNA was dramatically increased 12 h after running (p < 0.01). M2 phenotype marker Arg-1 increased 12 h and 3 d (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) after exercise, and Clec10a and Mrc2 were up-regulated in muscles 12 h following exercise (p < 0.05, p < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The data demonstrate the dynamic patterns of macrophage phenotype in skeletal muscle upon eccentric exercise stimuli, and M1 and M2 phenotypes perform different functions during exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury and recovery.</p>

Effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mustard on immunopotentiating activity

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mustard on immunopotentiating activity METHODS: One hundred and fifty nine strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Taiwan fermented mustard were evaluated for their immunopotentiating activity on a murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. RESULTS: Of the strains, pronounced increases in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were observed in strains B0040, B0110 and B0145. Among them, strain B0145 had the highest NO and tumor necrosis factor-α generation in RAW 264.7 cells; strains B0040 and B0110 were also superior to that of Lactobacillus casei. These results demonstrated that NO and cytokines were effectively induced when the bacterial stimulants were treated with macrophages. In addition, strains B0040 and B0110 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, and B0145 as Weissella cibaria using 16S rDNA analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The results implicated selected strains may be regarded as a biological response modifier and had a broad application prospects in exploiting new functional food or as a feed additive.

Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol

Objective: To evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from fermented mustard to lower the cholesterol in vitro. Methods: The ability of 50 LAB strains isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol in vitro was determined by modified o-phtshalaldehyde method. The LAB isolates were analyzed for their resistance to acid and bile salt. Strains with lowering cholesterol activity, were determined adherence to Caco-2 cells. Results: Strain B0007, B0006 and B0022 assimilated more cholesterol than BCRC10474 and BCRC 17010. The isolated strains showed tolerance to pH 3.0 for 3 h despite variations in the degree of viability and bile-tolerant strains, with more than 10

Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from fermented mustard to lower the cholesterol in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ability of 50 LAB strains isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol in vitro was determined by modified o-phtshalaldehyde method. The LAB isolates were analyzed for their resistance to acid and bile salt. Strains with lowering cholesterol activity, were determined adherence to Caco-2 cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Strain B0007, B0006 and B0022 assimilated more cholesterol than BCRC10474 and BCRC 17010. The isolated strains showed tolerance to pH 3.0 for 3 h despite variations in the degree of viability and bile-tolerant strains, with more than 10(8) CFU/mL after incubation for 24 h at 1% oxigall in MRS. In addition, strain B0007 and B0022 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum with 16S rDNA sequences were able to adhere to the Caco-2 cell lines.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These strains B0007 and B0022 may be potential functional sources for cholesterol-lowering activities as well as adhering to Caco-2 cell lines.</p>

Effects of Feixianping on collagen type I and III in bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Feixianping (FXP) on collagen type I and II in rats with pulmonary fibrosis (PF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, the normal group (A), the model group (B), the positive control group (C) and the two FXP groups (D and E) treated respectively with high and low dose of FXP. Except those in Group A (they were not modeled and administered with normal saline), all rats were established into PF model by intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin and administered with respective medicines starting from the 1st day after modeling. Rats were sacrificed in batches at 3 time points, the 7th, 14th, and 28th day for observing the pathological changes of lung under light microscope with HE staining and to identify collagen type I and III in lung tissue by immunohistochemical stain and image quantitative analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Light-dyeing proliferative collagen fiber was presented in the slightly thickened alveolar wall in lung of modeled rats from the 14th day on, and the pathological changes became more distinct on the 28th day. The highest amount of collagen appeared in the group B, correspondingly, that in all the other groups was much lower (P < 0.05). Reduction of collagen type I and III revealed in both FXP treated groups, but better effect was shown in the high dose FXP group. The effect of FXP was superior to that of positive control on the 14 th day (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FXP can effectively reduce the abnormal proliferation of collagen in experimental rats with PF.</p>

Effects of feixianping on serum interleukin-6 and oxygen partial pressure in pulmonary fibrosis rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of feixianping (FXP) in improving hypoxemia and on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) in experimental rats with pulmonary fibrosis (PF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and forty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 48 in each group, i.e. the normal control group (A), the model group (B), the prednisone group (C) and the two FXP groups of high (21.6 mg x kg(-1)) and low (10.8 mg x kg(-1)) dosage (D and E). PF model rats were established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, excepting those in Group A, to which normal saline was administered. The corresponding treatment to various groups started from the 1st day after modeling. Rats were sacrificed in batch at 4 time points, i.e., the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day, their arterial blood was collected for determination of blood partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and serum IL-6 content.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum IL-6 content in Group B at all the time points was higher than that in other groups at the same time points (P<0.01). In the FXP treated groups (D and E), levels of IL-6 at the 7th, 14th and 28th day showed no significant difference from those in Group A and C. Since the 14th day, FXP showed its effect in improving hypoxemia in experimental rats which could basically keep in accordance with the effect of prednisone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FXP can ameliorate hypoxemia and reduce the level of serum IL-6 in experimental PF rats.</p>