RESUMO
Objective@#To explore HIV-1 drug resistance and influencing factors among people living with HIV/AIDS before antiretroviral therapy in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Liangshan).@*Methods@#Between January 1 and June 30, in both 2017 and 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Liangshan HIV-1 pol sequences were gathered and analyzed according to WHO Guidelines on HIV drug resistance surveillance of 2014. Both HyPhy 2.2.4 and Cytoscape 3.6.1 software were used to analyze the drug resistant strains of HIV-1 transmission network.@*Results@#A total of 464 people living with HIV/AIDS was recruited. The proportion of HIV-1 CRF07_BC subtype was 88.6% (411/464), with HIV-1 drug resistance rate was 9.9% (46/464). The HIV-1 drug resistance rates of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTI) and protease inhibitors (PI) were 6.7% (31/464), 1.9% (9/464) and 0.4% (2/464) respectively. New recombinant strains of HIV-1 URF_01BC subtype was independently clustered according to the drug resistant mutation sites. Results from the multivariate logistic analysis showed that injected drug users group had higher risk on HIV-1 drug resistance (aOR=3.03, 95%CI:1.40-6.54) than heterosexual group among people living with HIV/AIDS.@*Conclusions@#HIV-1 drug resistance rate had already been in a high level before antiretroviral therapy was in place. The newly identified recombinant strains of HIV-1 URF_01BC subtype were independently clustered according to the drug resistant mutation sites. It was necessary to strengthen the prevention of the HIV-1 drug resistant strains transmission.
RESUMO
Objective In order to understand the current management status on education/ training and needs for training among new employees working at the provincial CDC in China during 2012-2014,so as to provide basis for setting up related programs at the CDC levels.Methods Based on data gathered through questionnaire surveys run by CDCs from 32 provincial and 5 specifically-designated cities,microsoft excel was used to analyze the current status on management of education and training,for new employees.Results There were 156 management staff members working on education and training programs in 36 CDCs,with 70％ of them having received intermediate or higher levels of education.Large differences were seen on equipment of training hardware in different regions.There were 1 214 teaching staff with 66 percent in the fields or related professional areas on public health,in 2014.5084 new employees conducted pre/post training programs,from 2012 to 2014 with funding as 750 thousand RMB Yuan.99.5％ of the new employees expressed the needs for further training while.74％ of the new staff members expecting a 2-5 day training program to be implemented.79％ of the new staff members claimed that practice as the most appropriate method for training.Conclusions Institutional programs set for education and training at the CDCs need to be clarified,with management team organized.It is important to provide more financial support on both hardware,software and human resources related to training programs which are set for new stuff members at all levels of CDCs.
RESUMO
Objective In order to understand the current management status on education/ training and needs for training among new employees working at the provincial CDC in China during 2012-2014,so as to provide basis for setting up related programs at the CDC levels.Methods Based on data gathered through questionnaire surveys run by CDCs from 32 provincial and 5 specifically-designated cities,microsoft excel was used to analyze the current status on management of education and training,for new employees.Results There were 156 management staff members working on education and training programs in 36 CDCs,with 70％ of them having received intermediate or higher levels of education.Large differences were seen on equipment of training hardware in different regions.There were 1 214 teaching staff with 66 percent in the fields or related professional areas on public health,in 2014.5084 new employees conducted pre/post training programs,from 2012 to 2014 with funding as 750 thousand RMB Yuan.99.5％ of the new employees expressed the needs for further training while.74％ of the new staff members expecting a 2-5 day training program to be implemented.79％ of the new staff members claimed that practice as the most appropriate method for training.Conclusions Institutional programs set for education and training at the CDCs need to be clarified,with management team organized.It is important to provide more financial support on both hardware,software and human resources related to training programs which are set for new stuff members at all levels of CDCs.