Guided Tissue Regeneration with β-Tricalcium Phosphate and Platelet-rich Plasma for Fracture Repair in Dogs using Internal Fixation

The study was conducted on 19 adult dogs referred for treatment of fracture in diaphyseal region of three long bones, viz, radius-ulna, femur and tibia-fibula. These dogs were divided randomly into three groups viz T1, T2 and T3. In group T1, the diaphyseal fractures of the long bones were immobilized by an internal fixation technique using reconstruction plate or locking compression plate. In group T2, β- tri calcium phosphate granules were incorporated at fracture site after fixation. In group T3, one milliliter of PRP was administered locally at fracture site just before the closing the first suture line. Clinical and radiographic examination were also conducted during the study. There was a significant reduction in mean inflammation score at 7th day in groups T2 and T3 and at 30th day than 0 day in all the groups. At 90th day, the mean radiographic score was highest for group T3 and it was followed by the score in group T2. At day 90th, a radiograph in both the views was not able to delineate the granules from osseous tissue. The mean weight bearing score was also higher in group T3 than in group T2 at 30th, 60th and 90th post operative day showing that restoration of the function was better and earlier in groups T2 and T3 than in group T1

Studies on interfacial potentials and currents of urine-urea systems across urinary bladder membrane.

Interfacial potential of urine-urea mixture across urinary bladder membranes of goat has been studied by comparing membrane-solution resistance and current data. It has been found that interfacial potential of urine solution is higher as compared to urea solution and that of urine-urea system increases with increase in concentration of urea in urine. Current generated in the system decreases with decrease in concentration of urea in the urine. Implications of electro-physiological studies in understanding the micturition process are discussed.

Electrokinetic energy conversion studies of alkaline solutions of uric acid, oxalic acid, L-cystine and L-tyrosine across urinary bladder membranes.

Electrokinetic studies of alkaline solutions of oxalic acid, cystine and tyrosine across urinary bladder membranes have been made. Data have been analysed in the light of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Maximum energy conversion efficiency (ηmax ), kinetic energy term (α1) and polarization term (α2) have been computed. It has been found that ηmax., α1, and α2, etc., are maximum for uric acid among the permeants used. Since ηmax, and α1 and α2 are related with membrane interface, such studies are relevant in understanding the comparative effect of permeants on bladder interface.

Electrokinetic energy conversion studies of aqueous solutions of oxalic acid and urea across urinary bladder membranes.

Electrokinetic studies namely hydrodynamic permeability, electroosmotic permeability and streaming potential measurements of aqueous solutions of oxalic acid and urea have been made across urinary bladder membranes of goat. Energy conversion maxima and degree of coupling for these permeants have computed. It has been found that these values increase with increases in concentration of the permeants. Since electro-osmotic flux tendency is quite opposite for oxalic acid in comparison to that of urea, energy conversion values increase with increase in concentration but in opposite directions. Such studies are expected to be of use in understanding electrophysiology of the bladder as inefficient functioning of the bladder leads to formation of urinary calculi and many other types of disorders. Methodology of non-equilibrium thermodynamics have been used to explain the data.

Electrokinetic energy conversion by aqueous oxalic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, hippuric acid, and acetyl salicylic acid across urinary bladder membranes.

Efficiency of energy conversion for electro-osmosis and streaming potential and the degree of coupling of acids across urinary bladder membranes of goat have been computed using non-equilibrium thermodynamic theory. The energy conversion maxima and degree of coupling for acids responsible for the formation of urinary calculi are found to be much low as compared to urea and urine.

Electrokinetic energy conversion studies of aqueous solution of urea, glucose and their mixtures across urinary bladder membranes.

Electrokinetic studies of aqueous solutions of urea, glucose, urea-glucose mixture (urea concentration increasing and glucose fixed) and glucose-urea mixture (glucose concentration increasing and urea concentration fixed) have been carried out across urinary bladder membranes of goat. Results have been analysed using methodology of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. It has been found that energy conversion maxima and degree of coupling for mixtures is higher than urea and glucose solutions. It has also been found that in the case of urea-glucose mixtures, the value of maxima and degree of coupling first decreases and then increases with increase in concentration while in the case of glucose-urea mixture, the trend is not definite. With urea solutions only, both these values increase with increase in concentration. It has been observed that energy conversion maxima and degree of coupling for urine is much higher as compared to other permeants. It appears that second order phenomenological coefficient L112 is related with degree of coupling (qe) as the trend of two is quite similar.