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To investigate the contamination conditions of Campylobacter spp.in duck production chain and its antimicrobial resistance,virulence gene distribution,samples were collected at the duck slaughterhouse according to GB 4789.9-2014.Triplex PCR assay was applied to identify the species of Campylobacter and the recovered Campylobacter strains were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility against 8 kinds of antimicrobial agents using a broth microdilution method,the susceptibility results were determined according to the NARMS criteria (2011).Subsequently,4 virulence genes were detected by PCR method.The result showed that 187 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 489 samples,including 160 C.jejuni,130 C.coli and 10 unidentified Campylobacter isolates.The total isolation rate of Campylobacter was 38.24％.The prevalence of Camnpytobacter before slaughtering,at depilation stage,evisceration stage and duck products was 76.33％,5.62％,24.00％,and 0％,respectively.The Campylobacter isolates were most frequently resistant to tetracycline (95.72 ％),followed by resistance to clindamycin(90.91％),the resistance rate of azithromycin (63.64％) was in the middle,the resistance rates of ciprofloxacin(31.02％),gentamicin(34.76％),nalidixic acid (37.43 ％),erythromycin (41.18 ％),chloramphenicol (41.18％) were relatively low.The multi-drug resistance was common among Campylobacter isolates with a rate of 72.19％.The prevalence of adhesion-associated gene cadF,flagellin gene flaA,invasion associated protein gene iamA,toxin regulation gene cdtB was 100％,80.75 ％,71.12％ and 94.65％,respectively.The results indicated that the Campylobacter contamination occurred in the slaughtering procedures of duck,and the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates was relatively serious.In addition,the virulence-associated genes were detected widely among Campylobacter isolates.Therefore,the supervision of antimicrobial agents using at rearing stage should be strengthened,along with health management in duck production chain.
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Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates,from the pork production chain in several districts of Sichuan province and to determine the correlation between serotype and the pulse field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)patterns. Methods From 2010 to 2011,a total of 112 Salmonella isolates from pork production chain were examined for their antimicrobial susceptibility,using the micro-dilution method against 10 antimicrobial agents. Results were assessed by the standard by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI,2010). In addition,PFGE patterns were investigated among the Salmonella strains from different sources,under different serovars and antimicrobial profiles. Results For Salmonella isolated from the pork production chain,resistance to tetracycline(89.29%)was frequently observed. Many isolates were resistant to spectinomycin(36.61%),trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(35.71%), nalidixic acid(33.93%)and ampicillin(24.11%),but all of the isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur. 33.93% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. Salmonella isolates from the pork production chain had 19 antibiotic resistance profiles. Totally,34 PFGE patterns were detected among 74 Salmonella isolates from the pork production chain,with the PFGE patterns of the 74 Salmonella isolates sharing 40%to 100%similarities. Conclusion The antimicrobial resistances of the Salmonella isolates were commonly detected from the pork production chain in Sichuan province suggesting that Salmonella might horizontally spread from food animals to retail meat products.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates, from the pork production chain in several districts of Sichuan province and to determine the correlation between serotype and the pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2010 to 2011, a total of 112 Salmonella isolates from pork production chain were examined for their antimicrobial susceptibility, using the micro-dilution method against 10 antimicrobial agents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>were assessed by the standard by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2010). In addition, PFGE patterns were investigated among the Salmonella strains from different sources, under different serovars and antimicrobial profiles.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For Salmonella isolated from the pork production chain, resistance to tetracycline (89.29%) was frequently observed. Many isolates were resistant to spectinomycin (36.61%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (35.71%), nalidixic acid (33.93%) and ampicillin (24.11%), but all of the isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur. 33.93% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. Salmonella isolates from the pork production chain had 19 antibiotic resistance profiles. Totally, 34 PFGE patterns were detected among 74 Salmonella isolates from the pork production chain, with the PFGE patterns of the 74 Salmonella isolates sharing 40% to 100% similarities.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The antimicrobial resistances of the Salmonella isolates were commonly detected from the pork production chain in Sichuan province suggesting that Salmonella might horizontally spread from food animals to retail meat products.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Carne , Microbiologia , Salmonella , SuínosRESUMO
Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates,from the pork production chain in several districts of Sichuan province and to determine the correlation between serotype and the pulse field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)patterns. Methods From 2010 to 2011,a total of 112 Salmonella isolates from pork production chain were examined for their antimicrobial susceptibility,using the micro-dilution method against 10 antimicrobial agents. Results were assessed by the standard by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI,2010). In addition,PFGE patterns were investigated among the Salmonella strains from different sources,under different serovars and antimicrobial profiles. Results For Salmonella isolated from the pork production chain,resistance to tetracycline(89.29%)was frequently observed. Many isolates were resistant to spectinomycin(36.61%),trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(35.71%), nalidixic acid(33.93%)and ampicillin(24.11%),but all of the isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur. 33.93% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. Salmonella isolates from the pork production chain had 19 antibiotic resistance profiles. Totally,34 PFGE patterns were detected among 74 Salmonella isolates from the pork production chain,with the PFGE patterns of the 74 Salmonella isolates sharing 40%to 100%similarities. Conclusion The antimicrobial resistances of the Salmonella isolates were commonly detected from the pork production chain in Sichuan province suggesting that Salmonella might horizontally spread from food animals to retail meat products.
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Objective To compare the discriminative ability of MRI linear measurements and volumetric measurements between patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and control subjects, and to evaluate their clinical value. Methods The study group consisted of 32 patients with probable Alzheimer disease and 32 healthy control subjects. Linear measurements and volumetric measurements of the bilateral hippocampal formations, temporal horns of lateral ventricle, parahippocampal gyri, and entorhinal cortices were performed on the serial reconstructed MR images. Discriminant analysis was used to identify measurements independently contributing to discriminating between AD and control subjects. Results With a stepwise method, the right height of temporal horn and right thickness of entorhinal cortex of linear measurements entered the function. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of this function were 96.9%, 84.4%, and 90.6%, respectively. The left entorhinal cortex and left hippocampus of volumetric measurements entered the other discriminant function. The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the second function were 100.0%, 90.6%, and 95.3%, respectively. All the linear and volumetric measurements of cerebral regions were significantly different between AD group and control subjects(t= -6.80～12.53,P
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Objective To evaluate the value of measurement of medial temporal structure by MR imaging volumetry in the differential diagnosis for patients with Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and subcotical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) Methods Thirty three probable patients of AD, 33 normal controls, and 17 patients suspected with SIVD had been scanned by MRI, and volumetric measurements of amygdala (AMY), hippocampal formations (HF), entorhinal cortices (EC), parahippocampal gyri (PHG), and temporal horn of lateral ventricle (TH) were done on a serial reconstructed MR images Results Both atrophy of HF and dilatation of TH were significant ( P