Sternal reconstruction of deep sternal wound infections following median sternotomy by single-stage muscle flaps transposition / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess clinical effectiveness of using bilateral pectoralis major or plus rectus abdominis muscle flaps in treating deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) following median sternotomy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 2009 and December 2013, 19 patients with DSWI after median sternotomy for cardiac surgery were admitted to our hospital, including 14 males (73.7%) and 5 females (26.3%), aged 55±13 (18-78) years. According to the Pairolero classification of infected median sternotomies, 3 (15.8%) patients were type II, and the other 16 (84.2%) were type III. Surgical procedure consisted of adequate debridement of infected sternum, costal cartilage, granulation, steel wires, suture residues and other foreign substances. Sternal reconstruction used the bilateral pectoralis major or plus rectus abdominis muscle flaps to obliterate dead space. The drainage tubes were placed and connected to a negative pressure generator for adequate drainage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no intraoperative deaths. In 15 patients (78.9%), bilateral pectoral muscle flaps were mobilized sufficiently to cover and stabilize the defect created by wound debridement. 4 patients (21.0%) needed bilateral pectoral muscle flaps plus rectus abdominis muscle flaps because their pectoralis major muscle flaps could not reach the lowest portion of the wound. 2 patients (10.5%) presented with subcutaneous infection, and 3 patients (15.8%) had hematoma. They recovered following local debridement and medication. 17 patients (89.5%) were examined at follow-up 12 months later, all healed and having stable sternum. No patients showed infection recurrence during the follow-up period over 12 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DSWI following median sternotomy may be effectively managed with adequate debridement of infected tissues and reconstruction with bilateral pectoralis major muscle or plus rectus abdominis muscle flap transposition.</p>

Missed diagnosis and treatment discussion of Kartagener syndrome / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical feature and diagnostic criteria of Kartagener syndrome, and related treatment of sinusitis and nasal polyps.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 5 patients which were diagnosed as complete Kartagener syndrome in The forth hospital of Hebei medical university were analyzed retrospectively. The first symptom of these patients was sinusitis. All of them accepted cardiac apical auscultation, X ray of orthophoria chest film and chest CT plain scan examination before diagnosis. All of them were treated intervention therapy in outpatient department,and 1 case accepted endoscopic sinus surgery in the hospital. The analysis of the data was to investigate the diagnosis in outpatient department and the perioperative therapy effect.@*RESULT@#All of the 5 patients' clinical feature were total mirror situs inversus viscerum, Dexcrocardia and brochiectasis associated with infection, "signet ring sign", "tram line sign", "honeycomb sign" at different degree on chest CT, bilateral maxillary and ethmoidal sinus inflammation on sinus CT. All the 5 patients appeared bilateral secretor otitis media associated with conductive deafness at different degree. 4 cases accepted anti-inflammation,mucus diluted and medicine treatment to improve cilia activity. 1 case accepted medicine and endoscopic sinus operation for obvious nasal symptoms. After following up for years,all symptoms of the 5 patients relieved, so did recurrent bronchiectasis infection. 1 case with operation had obviously relieved symptom and no postoperative complication.@*CONCLUSION@#Although complete Kartagener syndrome is infrequent disease, heart auscultation diagnosis and image examination are effective method to reduce missed diagnosis. Symptomatic treatment and suitable endoscopic sinus surgery method can reduce sinus symptom and the infection possibility of bronchiectasis effectively,which is beneficial for KS outcome.

Effects of Guoshu acupoint pressure therapy on acute mastitis during lactation / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effect of Guoshu acupoint pressure therapy on acute mastitis during lactation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen cases suffered from acute lactation mastitis were treated with Guoshu acupoint pressure therapy, that is, firstly with lifting and flicking reduction at "Taiji" and "Xuepen" point, whose intensity was varied from patient's physical fitness. Subsequently, the patients were treated with flame therapy induced by distillate spirit, once each day.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the treatment, all the patients were cured completely in from 1 to 5 days, with an average of 2.5 days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Guoshu acupoint pressure therapy is effective on acute mastitis during lactation.</p>

Comparison of the short-term outcomes of surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer via video assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open thoracotomy / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the short-term outcomes of surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and open thoracotomy (OT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of 737 consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and 630 patients who underwent pulmonary resection via open thoracotomy (as controls) in Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2009 and August 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The risk factors after lobectomy were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 506 NSCLC patients who received VATS lobectomy, postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients (2.6%) and one patient died of acute respiratory distress syndrome (0.2%). In the 521 patients who received open thoracotomy (OT) lobectomy, postoperative complications occurred in 21 patients (4.0%) and one patient died of pulmonary infection (0.2%). There was no significant difference in the morbidity rate (P > 0.05) and mortality rate (P > 0.05) between the VATS group and OT group. In the 190 patients who received VATS wedge resections, postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients (1.6%). One hundred and nine patients received OT wedge resections. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 patients (3.7%). There were no significant differences for morbidity rate (P = 0.262) between these two groups, and there was no perioperative death in these two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that age (OR = 1.047, 95%CI: 1.004 - 1.091), history of smoking (OR = 6.374, 95%CI: 2.588 - 15.695) and operation time (OR = 1.418, 95%CI: 1.075 - 1.871) were independent risk factors of postoperative complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>To compare with the NSCLC patients who should undergo lobectomy or wedge resection via open thoracotomy, a similar short-term outcome can be achieved via VATS approach.</p>

Analysis of prognostic factors in 1826 patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of completely resected nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to assess the impact of vascular invasion and TNM stage on prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between March 1, 1997 and March 1, 2002, a total of 1826 pathologically confirmed NSCLC patients with complete resection were enrolled in this study. The major clinical and pathological features were analyzed, and the impact of vascular invasion on prognosis was investigated. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the correlation of vascular invasion with the other clinicopathological variables. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 1826 patients, 126 were found to have vascular invasion. Univariate analysis revealed that the following factors was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival: family history of cancer, histological type, pathological stage and vascular invasion, whereas multivariate analysis confirmed that only pathological stage and vascular invasion were the significant prognostic factors with a hazard ratio of 2.80 [95% CI 1.74 - 4.86] and 4.76 [95% CI 2.38 - 6.21], respectively. The overall 5-year survival rate of this series was 57.4% for stage I, 34.2% for stage II and 18.7% for stage III (P = 0.001) ,respectively. It was 59.1% for stage I 36.2% for stage II and 20.0% for stage III for those without vascular invasion, whereas for those with vascular invasion, it was 37.5% for stage I, 24.0% for stage II and 7.0% for stage III, respectively. There was a significant difference among the patients with different TNM stage and between the patients with vascular invasion and without (P < 0.05) by log-rank test. The distant metastasis rate of the patients with vascular invasion was 69.9% versus 36.7% in those without (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results show that TNM stage and vascular invasion are significant prognostic factors in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Vascular invasion can not only serve as an independent prognostic factor, but can also predict the possibility of metastasis.</p>

The risk factors and treatment of bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the risk factors which influencing the development of bronchopleural fistula (BPF) in pulmonary resections for lung cancer. To clarify the preventive techniques and treatment strategies of BPF.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Review the clinical data of 32 patients of postpneumonectomy BPF from 965 patients accepted pneumonectomy for lung cancer from May 1987 to May 2007. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by the logistic regression procedure to identify the significant risk factors for BPF in 965 pulmonary resections for lung cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of BPF was 3.3% (32/965). BPF occurred in the right main bronchial stump in 28 patients, left main bronchial stump in 4 patients. The significant risk factors for BPF formation were right pneumonectomy, preoperative irradiation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, bronchial stump more than 2 cm and hypoalbuminemia. Multivariate analysis identified right pneumonectomy, preoperative radiotherapy and hypoalbuminemia as the risk factors of BPF. Successful closure of BPF was achieved in 13 patients (40.6%). The fistula was successfully closed in 5 of 6 patients who had received biologic glues applied bronchoscopically with a fistula less than 3 mm. Pedicled omentum was successfully used for the treatment in 5 of 6 patients with a fistula more than 3 mm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Right pneumonectomy, high-dose preoperative radiation therapy and hypoalbuminemia are risk factors for postpneumonectomy BPF. Biologic glues can be applied bronchoscopically to achieve endobronchial closure of the fistula less than 3 mm. Omentoplasty is useful for the fistula more than 3 mm.</p>

Comparison of clinical and surgico-pathological TNM stage of 2007 lung cancer patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>An accurate clinical TNM staging of lung cancer is essential for the precise determination of the extent of the disease in order that an optimal therapeutic strategy can be planned. This is especially true in patients with marginally resectable tumors. Clinical over-staging of the disease may deny a patient the benefit of surgery, whereas under-staging may oblige a patient to accept a fruitless or even harmful surgery. We aimed to analyze preoperative clinical (c-TNM) and postoperative surgico-pathologic staging (p-TNM) of lung cancer patients in order to evaluate the accuracy of our clinical staging and its implications on the surgical strategy for lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We did a retrospective comparison of c-TNM and p-TNM staging of 2007 patients with lung cancer surgically treated from January 1999 to May 2003. Preoperative evaluation and c-TNM staging of all patients were based on physical examination, laboratory studies, routine chest X-ray and CT scan of the chest and upper abdomen. Other examinations included sputum cytology, bronchoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, bone scintiscan, brain CT/MRI, and mediastinoscopy whenever indicated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the present study the comparison of c-TNM and p-TNM staging of 2007 patients with lung cancer revealed an overall concurrence rate of only 39.0%. In the entire series the extent of disease was clinically underestimated in 45.2% and overestimated in 15.8% of the patients. Among all c-TNM stages the c-IA/B stage of 1105 patients gave the highest rate (55.2%) of underestimating the extent of disease. Clinical staging of T subsets was relatively easy with an overall accuracy rate of 72.9%, while that of N subsets was relatively more difficult with an overall accuracy rate of 53.5%. Analysis also showed that c-IV stage may not be an absolute contraindication to surgery, because in half of the patients, c-M1 turned out to be p-M0, providing the possibility of resectional surgery depending on the status of T and N.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For reasons to be further determined, the present preoperative clinical TNM staging of lung cancer remains a crude evaluation. Further efforts to improve its accuracy are needed.</p>

Diagnosis and surgical treatment for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the results of surgery and the diagnosis of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The survival of 274 stage I NSCLC patients who underwent surgery from 1991 to 1998 were statistically analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Comparison of the differences in survival rates among groups were made according to the Logrank test. The follow-up time was at least 5 years with a follow-up rate of 97.8%.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates for patients with pathologic stage I lesion were 92.9%, 79.6% and 66.1%. The 5-year survival rates for patients with squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous and alveolar-cell carcinoma were 73.3%, 55.3%, 52.2%, 71.7%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates for T1N0 were 95.0%, 83.2%, 74.3% whereas those of T2N0 lung lesions were 90.8%, 75.9%, 59.9% (P < 0.05). The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of regular lobectomy were 94.1%, 79.3%, 67.5% and of conservative resection (segmentectomy and wedge resection) were 76.5%, 50.0%, 38.3% (P < 0.05). There was no perioperative mortality. The postoperative complications were: intrathoracic hemorrhage (2 patients, successfully treated by second thoracotomy) and chylothorax (1 patient, healed after conservative treatment).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 5-year survival rate of pathologic stage I non-small-cell lung cancer is 66.1%. The outcome of patients with squamous-cell carcinoma (73.3%) is similar to that of alveolar-cell carcinoma (71.7%) which, however, is better than that of adenocarcinoma (55.3%) or adenosquamouscarcinoma (52.5%). The overwhelming superiority in result of IA (T1N0) lesion (74.3%) over the IB (T2N0) disease (59.9%) is quite impressive. Regular lobectomy plus radical mediastinal lymph node dissection is the appropriate management for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer.</p>

Molecular cloning and analysis of a monocot mannose-binding agglutinin from Zephyranthes grandiflora (family Amaryllidaceae) / 生物医学工程学杂志

The monocot mannose-binding lectin can inhibit HIV from infecting the target cells. The total RNA of Zephyranthes grandiflora was extracted and reversely transcribed into cDNA. Degenerate primers were designed based on the conserved regions of other monocot mannose-binding agglutinins by homology alignment. The 694bp full-length cDNA of Zephyranthes grandiflora agglutinin (ZGA) was cloned by RT-PCR, 3' and 5' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The start codon and stop codon of ZGA were at 37-39bp and 529-531bp respectively. The NCBI Blast analysis result showed that ZGA gene encoded a protein precursor with signal peptide, mature protein and C-terminal cleavage sequence. The mature ZGA protein contained 106 amino acids residues and its molecular weight was 11.6KD. The percentages of identity of the deduced mature ZGA protein with those of Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, Narcissus hybrid cultivar agglutinin, Lycoris radiate agglutinin and Clivia miniata agglutinin were 71.8%, 81%, 81.8% and 84.5%, respectively. Blocks analysis revealed that ZGA had three functional domains and three mannose-binding boxes (QDNY).

Effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with mitomycin C on activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP1A2 in rat liver / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To evaluate the effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with mitomycin C (MMC) on activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C1 , and CYP1A2 in the liver of male rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using HPLC to determine the activities of the three isoenzymes in rat liver microsomes by detecting the specific metabolites of their substrates after treatment with inducers in vivo or inhibitors in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vitro, MMC inhibited the activity of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP1A2 in dexamethasone-induced microsomes by (19 +/- 6)% (P < 0.05), (85 +/- 10)% (P < 0.01), and (36 +/- 6)% (P < 0.05), respectively, and decreased the activity of CYP1A2 in beta-naphthoflavone-induced microsomes by (58 +/- 6)% (P < 0.01). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 20% of the LD50 of MMC for 3 or 6 d. The treatment showed no significant effect on microsomal activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11 or CYP1A2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MMC can inhibit the activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP1A2 in rat liver microsomes in vitro, but it showed no significant effect on the activities of the three isoenzymes in vivo.</p>