Research progress of urinary dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease / 中华神经科杂志

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by abnormal α-synuclein deposition.The main clinical manifestation is dyskinesia.With the deepening of research,the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are gradually recognized,and the urinary symptoms such as daytime frequency and urinary urgency affect the quality of patients' life.Urinary symptoms of Parkinson's disease also reflect the lesions in the brain,such as the D1 dopaminergic bladder inhibitory pathway of the prefrontal nigrostriatal tract.Therefore,its early diagnosis and treatment is essential.This article reviews the progress of urinary dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Relation of plasma homocysteine with folic acid and vitamine B12 in patients with cerebral infarction / 中国组织工程研究

Objective To discuss the relationship of cerebral infarction with hyperhomocysteinemia and the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and folic acid and Vitamine B12.Method We measured the concentrations of homocysteine with FIPA(fluorescence polarization immunoassay)and Vitamin B12 and folic acid with chemiluminescent competitive immunoassay in 40 cerebral infarction patients and 30 healthy controls.Results The concentration of homocysteine in study group was higher than the controls' (P< 0.01).Serum folic acid level in study group was lower than that in control group (P< 0.05).There is negative correlation between plasma homocysteine and serum folic acid(P< 0.05). Conclusions Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.One reason of increased level of homocysteine in blood is that the deficiency of cofactors of enzymes involved in metabolism process.

Clinical and imaging characteristics of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).Methods The clinical and imaging data of 7 patients with PRES were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the 7 cases with PRES, 3 cases were secondary to pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome, 3 cases secondary to renal failure, 1 case secondary to hypertension.The clinical characteristics were that 7 cases presented with headache and disturbance of vision, 6 with epilepsy, 4 with nausea and vomitting, 1 with hemiparesis, 1 with ataxia.Cranial CT examination in 6 cases revealed occipital low density lesions in 3, widely white matter edema in 2, multiple small hematomas in 1, and no lesion in 2. Brain MRI showed that the occipital lobe was involved in 7 cases, cerebellar in 3, brain stem in 2, fronto-parietal subcortical white matter in 2, caudate nucleus in 1, thalamus in 1. The lesion showed gyrus-like abnominal signals in lobes and patchy abnormal signals in the other areas. The lesion showed low or iso-signal in T1WI, high signal in T2WI and Flair. 2 cases enhancement scannings showed no enhancement effect in 1 and gyrus, patchy and ring-like enhancement in another. The lesions demonstrated mild high signals in 2, low signal in 1 and no abnormalmality in 1 on DWI among 4 cases.Conclusions The headache, disturbance of vision and epilepsy are the principal clinical symptom in PRES . The imaging features of PRES are symmetrical long T1 and T2 signals on the bilateral posterior white matters of cerebrum.

Clinical,image and pathological features of Wernicke's encephalopathy / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical, imaging and pathological features of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE).Methods The clinical, imaging and pathologic datas of 10 patients with WE were analyzed retrospectively.Results 10 patients were not ethylism. 9 cases presented various mental and conscious disturbance, 6 cases initially presented vertigo, nausea and vomiting. 5 cases showed ophthalmoparalysis. 3 cases displayed hypotension.2 cases showed ataxia and 1 case showed severe peripheral neuropathy. 3 of the 5 patients with MRI examinations showed symmetric T_1 and T_2 high signal in encephalocoele and periphery of aqueduct of midbrain, the other 2 cases were no positive finding . 4 cases with supplement VitB_1 were cured, 5 cases died.1 case withdrawed. 5 autopsy cases showed congestion, edema and multiple petechial hemorrhages in encephalocoele and periphery of aqueduct of midbrain.Conclusions The clinical manifestation of WE is atypical, and MRI imaging is helpful for early diagnosis of WE. It is the key treatment to supply the thiamine as early as possible.