Experimental study of a modified extraction method of mouse islets / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the improvement and effect of the method of islet extraction in mice. Methods According to different islet extraction methods, all mice were randomly divided into the common bile duct puncture group (n=100) and common bile duct puncture combined with in situ pancreatic injection group (combined injection group, n=100). Common bile duct puncture combined with in situ pancreatic injection was utilized as the modified method. The islets were selected and purified under stereomicroscope. The morphology and purification of islets were identified. The islet yield and success rate of islet extraction were statistically compared between two groups. The survival of islets after 1 week culture in vitro was analyzed, and the insulin secretion function of islets after 24 h and 4 d culture in vitro was evaluated. Results Compared with the common bile duct puncture group, the islet yield in the combined injection group was significantly increased (P < 0.001). The success rate of islet extraction in both groups was 83% with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The islets extracted by common bile duct puncture combined with in situ pancreatic injection had intact morphology, high purity and high activity. The survival rate of newly isolated islets was nearly 100% after 24 h culture in vitro. After 1~5 d culture in vitro, the islet cells survived well. After 6 d culture in vitro, the islets showed central death. After culture in vitro for 24 h and 4 d, the islet function of the mice was normal after high glucose stimulation. Conclusions Common bile duct puncture combined with in situ pancreatic injection can increase the islet yield, and the obtained islet cells have high activity and proper function.

First-trimester fasting plasma glucose as a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus and the association with adverse pregnancy outcomes

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of a fasting plasma glucose [FPG] at the first trimester in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] and the association between FPG and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Methods: The levels of FPG in women with singleton pregnancies were measured at 9-13+6 weeks. A two hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] was completed at 24-28 weeks and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups [IADPSG] criteria was used. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were assessed and recorded

Results: Among 2112 pregnant women enrolled in the study, 224 [10.6%] subjects were diagnosed with GDM. The AUC for FPG in predicting GDM was 0.63 [95% CI 0.61- 0.65] and the optimal cutoff value was 4.5 mmol/L [sensitivity 64.29% and specificity 56.45%]. Higher first-trimester FPG increased the prevalence of GDM, large for gestational age [LGA] and assisted vaginal delivery and/or cesarean section [all P < 0.05]

Conclusion: FPG at first trimester could be used to predict GDM and higher first-trimester FPG was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes

Association of Polymorphisms in CAV1/CAV2 Locus with Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Han Population / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To study the association of CAV1/CAV2 gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in Chinese Han population.[Methods]14 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of CAV1/CAV2 gene were genotyped in 272 pa-tients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM group)and 287 subjects with normal glucose tolerance(control group)by ma-trix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS).Waist circumference,body mass index,plasma glucose,serum insulin and lipid profiles were measured.Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resis-tance(HOMA-IR)and β-cell function(HOMA-β)were calculated.[Results]The minor allele frequency(MAF)distri-butions of CAV1 rs926198,CAV2 rs2270188,and rs1052990 were significantly different between T2DM group and con-trol group(P=0.008,0.021,and 0.045,respectively). After adjusting for age,gender,and BMI,logistic regression analysis showed that minor allele carriers(CC/CT genotype)of CAV1 rs926198 displayed a particularly increased risk of developing T2DM compared to major allele homozygotes(TT genotype)(OR=2.240,95% CI=1.415-3.544,P=0.001). GG/GA genotype carriers of CAV1 rs3807986 had lower odds for T2DM than that of AA genotype(OR=0.640,95% CI=0.449-0.913,P=0.014). Compared with TT genotype,GG/GT genotype of CAV2 rs2270188 was a protective factor for T2DM(OR=0.616,95% CI=0.432-0.878,P=0.007). Significant genotype association with T2DM was also identified in CAV2 rs1052990(GG/GT versus TT genotype:OR=0.658,95% CI=0.453-0.956,P=0.028). Multiple linear regression showed that minor allele C of SNP rs926198 was associated with an increased level of HOMA-IR(beta=1.010,P<0.001) and minor allele G of SNP rs2270188 was associated with a decreased level of HOMA-IR(beta=-0.379,P=0.023). No significant association was identified between any SNP and HOMA-β.Allele G of CAV1 rs3807986 and CAV2 rs2270188 were also associated with a decreased level of LDL-C(P=0.033 and 0.030,respectively).[Conclusion]CAV1/CAV2 locus might be the candidate genes for conferring susceptibility to T2DM in the Chinese Han population.SNP rs926198, rs3807986,rs2270188,and rs1052990 in CAV1/CAV2 locus were associated with T2DM risk perhaps through insulin resistance pathway.

Role of neck circumference for diagnosis of central obesity in community subjects aged over 50 / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the role of neck circumference (NC) in identifying central obesity. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2010 to January 2011 in Shipai community,Guangzhou. A total of 1494 subjects(72.8％)aged over 50 were investigated. Height,weight,waist circumference (WC) and NC were measured in all subjects. Central obesity was defined by the standard in the 2013 China Guideline(WC≥90.0 cm for men or WC≥85.0 cm for women). Results The median age of 1473 subjects with complete data was 61 years(55～68 years). NC was significantly positively correlated with WC and body mass index(correlation coefficient was 0.639 and 0.565,respectively,P<0.001). ROC curves showed that the area under the curve for the ability of neck circumference to determine visceral adiposity was 0.884(95％CI:0.855 ～ 0.909,P < 0.0001)for men and 0.849(95％CI:0.824 ～ 0.872,P < 0.0001)for women. Moreover,in men ,a NC of 38.5 cm had a sensitivity of 75.2％and specificity of 85.4％,and in women ,a NC of 33.4 cm had a sensitivity of 84.8％ and specificity of 69.4％,which were the optimal cutoffs for identifying central obesity. Conclusions NC could be used as an alternative for WC and body mass index to identify central obesity in Chi-nese subjects aged over 50 in community-based setting.

Role of Caveolin-1 in glargine in anti-inflammation and glycemic metabolism improvement of type 2 diabetic mice / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of glargine in glucose metabolism improvement and antiinflammation of skeletal muscle in Caveolin-1 silenced type 2 diabetic mice.Methods Multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection and high-fat high-glucose (HFHG) were used to induce type 2 diabetic mice model.The mice were divided into normal control group (NC group) and type 2 diabetic model group (T group).Then according to virus injection and glargine treatment,T group were further divided into type 2 diabetes group (T2DM group),type 2 diabetes with insulin treatment group (insulin group),Caveolin-1 silenced with insulin treatment group (LV-CAV1 group),and scramble virus with insulin treatment group (LV-GFP group).Glucose metabolism was accessed by the fluctuation of blood glucose.TNF-α protein expression in skeletal muscle was detected by Western blot.Results The glycemic control of LV-CAV1 group needed more dosages of glargine (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of TNFαin skeletal muscle was elevated in LV-CAV 1 group than that in LV-GFP and insulin group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The anti-inflammation function and glycemic metabolism improvement of glargine may be associated with the expression of Caveoin-1 in skeletal muscle.

Role of neck circumference for diagnosis of central obesity in community subjects aged over 50 / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the role of neck circumference (NC) in identifying central obesity. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2010 to January 2011 in Shipai community,Guangzhou. A total of 1494 subjects(72.8％)aged over 50 were investigated. Height,weight,waist circumference (WC) and NC were measured in all subjects. Central obesity was defined by the standard in the 2013 China Guideline(WC≥90.0 cm for men or WC≥85.0 cm for women). Results The median age of 1473 subjects with complete data was 61 years(55～68 years). NC was significantly positively correlated with WC and body mass index(correlation coefficient was 0.639 and 0.565,respectively,P<0.001). ROC curves showed that the area under the curve for the ability of neck circumference to determine visceral adiposity was 0.884(95％CI:0.855 ～ 0.909,P < 0.0001)for men and 0.849(95％CI:0.824 ～ 0.872,P < 0.0001)for women. Moreover,in men ,a NC of 38.5 cm had a sensitivity of 75.2％and specificity of 85.4％,and in women ,a NC of 33.4 cm had a sensitivity of 84.8％ and specificity of 69.4％,which were the optimal cutoffs for identifying central obesity. Conclusions NC could be used as an alternative for WC and body mass index to identify central obesity in Chi-nese subjects aged over 50 in community-based setting.

The trend of glucose metabolism and affecting factors following liver transplantation / 实用医学杂志

Objective Glucose metabolism trend was dynamicly mornitored following liver transplantation, and its affecting factors were assessed. Methods The glucose metabolism status were assessed at four time points respectively after liver transplants, then they were divided into two groups:normal glucose metabolism (NGM) and abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM). The clinical data were univariate analyzed and multivariate analyzed to screen the risk factors. Results At 1 month, 3 months, 1 year and 3 years post-transplantation, the incidence of AGM were 74.0%, 43.9%, 29.4%, 24.1% respectively Between these two groups, age > 45 y had a significant difference at 1 month, 3 months, 1 year and 3years post-transplantation; the use of tacrolimus had a significant difference at 3 months, 1 year and 3years post-transplantation, but the dose of tacrolimus or tacrolimus blood concentration showed no significant difference; high dose of glucocorticoid had significant difference at 1 month , 3 months post-transplantation; high BMI and acute rejection had significant difference at 1 month post-transplantation. Conclusions There is a high incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) in the early stage post-transplantation, and a considerable number of patients' glucose metabolism improved in the later period. Age>45 y and tacrolimus affect glucose metabolism for a longer period post-transplants. High BMI and acute rejection have an impact on glucose metabolism only in the early stage post-transplantation. Large dose of glucocorticoid affect glucose metabolism for at least 3 months post-transplantation , and there is no significant difference after 1 year.

Study on absorption ingredients of yuanhuzhitong pill by everted intestinal sac method / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an everted intestinal sac method for determining absorption ingredients of yuanhuzhitong pill and study absorption characteristics of major chemical constituents of yuanhuzhitong pill.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The everted intestinal sac model was adopted. Intestinal sac fluid samples at different time points after administration of three concentrations of Yuanhuzhitong pill were collected and determined by HPLC. The accumulative absorbed doses of active constituents were calculated, while the proportion between samples of yuanhuzhitong pill and absorption ingredients was compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight ingredients of Yuanhuzhitong pill can be detected in intestinal sac, they are protopine, palmatine, coptisine, imperatorin, berberine, byakangelicin, alpha-allocryptopine and tetrahydropalmatine. The absorption rate constants (Ka) of eight constituents increased in jejunum and ileum with the increase in concentration of Yuanhuzhitong pill extracts (P < 0. 05), indicating a passive absorption.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As ingredients are selectively absorbed in intestinal sac, the everted intestinal sac method is selected to assess the intestinal absorption characteristics of ingredients of Yuanhuzhitong prescription.</p>

Metabonomics and its applications / 生物工程学报

The concept, characteristics and history of metabonomics are introduced. The techniques used in data acquisition and data analysis in metabonomics including their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. In data acquisition platform, NMR, GC/MS, LC/MS (/MS) are the prevalent techniques although at present, none of them is a perfect technique that could meet with the requirement of the metabonomics for measuring all metabolites. While in data analysis, the PCA, PLS and ANN are the major techniques. The researchers could select them according to the research destination. Recent advances and applications of metabonomics in disease diagnosis, drug toxicity evaluation, plant metabolomics and microbial metabolomics are reviewed. In addition, by giving the situation on the establishment of the related corporations, the conferences about metabonomics and proclamation of NIH roadmap the current boom of the metabonomics is reflected. It can be expected that with the development of the function genomics, metabonomics will play a major role in the discovery of the phynotype of the genome and searching for the disease diagnostic biomarkers, and it will also bring much benefit to the drug discovery, clinical diagnosis and nutrition science.