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Cultivating students' autonomic learning ability is an important research area . It is very important to build a reasonable evaluation system in the process of cultivating students' autonomic learning ability. Based on the autonomic learning content and teaching methods of pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper discusses the design and implementation strategies of pluralistic evaluation system including learning in the classroom, expands the learning out of the classroom, experimental operation and final examination, which emphasizes the combination of process evaluation and the participation of teachers and students. It is beneficial to stimulate students'self-learning motivation and improve their self-learning ability and learning effect.
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Cultivating students' autonomic learning ability is an important research area . It is very important to build a reasonable evaluation system in the process of cultivating students' autonomic learning ability. Based on the autonomic learning content and teaching methods of pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper discusses the design and implementation strategies of pluralistic evaluation system including learning in the classroom, expands the learning out of the classroom, experimental operation and final examination, which emphasizes the combination of process evaluation and the participation of teachers and students. It is beneficial to stimulate students'self-learning motivation and improve their self-learning ability and learning effect.
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Objective To study the protective effect of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)and its components Rg1 and Rb1 on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/Reox)-induced tight junction damage. Methods Anaerobic box were used to induce OGD in HUVEC cells for 6 h followed by reoxygenation for 24 h. Transepithelial/endothelial electrical resistance(TEER)and cell permeability were detected,immunefluorescence was used to observe the ZO-1 and claudin-5 protein expression. Results PNS 20,40 mg/L and ginsenoside Rb1 significantly inhibited the OGD/Reox-induced decreased tight junction resistance,and the increased cell permeability(P< 0.05). PNS 20,40 mg/L and ginsenoside Rb1 partly restored the inter-cellular tight junctions which were regularly arranged on the cell membrane, and the cells displayed cobble stone-like arrangement. Conclusions PNS ameliorates ischemia-induced vascular endothelial cell tight junction damage via MMP-9 and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Rb1 is one of the effective monomer components.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of Xifeng Dingxuan granules on behavioral changes and brain energy metabo?lism on focal incomplete cerebral ischemia vertigo model rat. Methods Experimental rats were divided into normal control group, sham operation group,model group,flunarizine hydrochloride group(0.5 mg/kg),ginkgo leaf group(8 mg/kg)and Xifeng Dingxuan granule groups(0.27,0.54 and 1.08 g/kg). The drugs were all administered intragastrically. During the experimental period,step-down test was conducted to monitor the escape latency of rats from electrical stimulation,and the blood flows in right brain vestibular nucleus were measured. At the end of the experiment,the levels of the lactate(LAC),lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in brain tissue were determined by colorimetry. Results 1. Compared with the normal control group,the escape latency of rats from electrical stimulation in model group was significantly prolonged(P<0.01). The escape latency was significantly reduced by the treatment of Xifeng Dingxuan granules(P<0.01),and the dosage of 0.54 g/kg was most effec?tive. 2. Compared with the sham operation group,the blood flow of right brain vestibular nucleus in the model group was decreased (P<0.01). The decreased blood flow could be alleviated by the treatment of Xifeng Dingxuan granules and the dosage of 0.27 g/kg was most effective(P<0.01). 3. Compared with sham operation group,the contents of LAC and LDH in the right brain tissue were signifi?cantly increased in the model group(P<0.01). Compared with the model group,the contents of LAC and LDH were decreased signifi?cantly by the treatment of Xifeng Dingxuan granules with the dosage of 0.27 g/kg and 0.54 g/kg(P<0.01). 4. Compared with the sham operation group,the content of MDA and the activity of SOD in the right brain tissue were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01)and could be alleviated by the treatment with Xifeng Dingxuan granules at each dose(P<0.01). Conclusion The results indicated that Xifeng Dingxuan granules could suppress the decrease of blood flow in vestibular nucleus,improve the brain energy me?tabolism and reduce the oxidative stress response in focal incomplete cerebral ischemia vertigo rat model ,which implicated the possi?ble therapeutic effect of Xifeng Dingxuan granules on the vertigo.
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On the basis of pre-experiment research and the hypothesis of“amputated lumbricus”, this research was aimed to explore mechanism of active components of the amputated lumbricus to promote wound healing. Skin excision was used to establish the mice model. The amputated lumbricus extract was prepared. HE staining and immunohistochemistry techniques were used in the determination of the wound healing rate and changes of VEGF, bFGF, TGF-β1 expression during wound healing period. The results showed that compared with the blank control group, the healing rate of the amputated lumbricus extract group was better. And the HE staining showed better improvement of traumatic tissues. There was no statistic differences on the expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 between the amputated lumbricus extract group and the normal saline group (P> 0.05). The expression of bFGF in amputated lumbricus extract group reached peak earlier than the control group and also lasted a longer time. The amputated lumbricus extract group reached peak on the first day, which had a significant difference (P < 0.05) compared with the control group at the same timepoint. It was concluded that the external application of amputated lumbricus extract had wound healing effect on traumatic skin of mice. Its mechanism may be irrelevant to the expression of VEGF and TGF-β1. However, it may be related to the increasing of bFGF expression in the injured regions during the inflammation stage and proliferation stage.
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This article was aimed to study effect of D-ribose on the high-energy phosphate metabolism of skeletal muscle tissues of tired mice. The model was made by burden swimming. And then, the mice were divided into four groups, which were the model group, D-ribose group, caffeine group, and D-ribose with caffeine group). Intragastric administrations of drugs were given to all mice in four groups, three times per day. And all mice continued to swim for three days. The time of swimming was recorded. Gastrocnemius of mice were removed after swimming or 3 days later to measure the concentration of ATP, ADP, AMP and IMP with the HPLC. The results showed that compared with the control group, the time of burden s wimming was significantly prolonged for mice in the D-ribose group and the D-ribose with caffeine group. After three-day recovery, the concentration of ATP, AMP and IMP of gastrocnemius in the D-ribose group and the D-ribose with caffeine group mice was significantly increased. There was no significant difference in the caffeine group mice. It was concluded that D-ribose is involved in the high-energy phosphate metabolism of skeletal muscle tissues of tired mice . D-ribose promotes the recovery of ATP concentration in the gastrocnemius of tired mice, and prolongs the time of burden swimming. Therefore, it has a certain anti-fatigue effect .
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This study was aimed to observe the improvement of Qiju Runmu Tie (QRT) on experimental dry eye syndrome in rats. The fourth day after the bleomycin hydrochloride (8 g·mL-1) was injected into the intraorbital lacrimal gland (0.06 mL) and extraorbital lacrimal gland (0.12 mL), QRT of large, medium, and small dosage (0.276 g·mL-1, 0.138 g·mL-1, 0.069 g·mL-1) was applied on rat's eyes continuously for 10 days, once a day, 1 hour every time. Rats in the control group and model group were applied with a patch containing distilled water in the same operation. The tear secretions, time of tear film break-up and pathological changes of lacrimal gland were observed from the eleventh day to the thirteenth day after injection. The results showed that compared with the control group, bleomycin hydrochloride can induce atrophy of lacrimal gland, hyperplasia and decrease bubbly mucus in the acinar lumina, significant reduce of tear secretion, and significant shorten the time of tear film break-up. Compared with the model group, QRT can significantly increase the amount of tear secretion (P <0.05), extend the tear film break-up time (P < 0.01). And the medium dosage of QRT can obviously reduce lacrimal gland tissue injury. It was concluded that external application of QRT can improve symptoms of experi-mental dry eye syndrome in rats.
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This study was aimed to confirm animal model and evaluating indicators of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (PIF-COPD). PIF-COPD rats were induced by intratracheal administration of Bleomycin(BLM, 6 mg·kg-1) and cigarette smoke stimulation for 47 days. After that, the lung function and index were measured. Changes of pathomorphism of lung were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Collagen protein I and III were determined by Sirius red staining. The protein antibody microarray chip was employed for serum cytokine expression pattern measurement. The results showed that in the lung function testing, the central airway resistance, tissue damping, dynamic elasticity of model rats increased significantly and the dynamic compliance reduced significantly. The lung index of model rats increased significantly (compared with the control group, P < 0.01). The pathological tests showed that lung tissues of model rats showed emphysema and fibration with inflammatory infiltration, and content of collagen type I and III increasing significantly. The contents of MMP-8, TIMP-1, IL-10, IL-13, PDGF-AA, Beta-NGF of model rats serum increased obviously compared with the control group and RAGE reduced compared with the normal control. It was concluded that rats which were induced by intratracheal administration of BLM (6 mg·kg-1) and cigarette smoke stimulation for 47 days can be used as animal model establishment of PIF-COPD. The respiratory function and serum levels of MMP-8, TIMP-1, IL-13, PDGF and NGF can be used as evaluating indicators of PIF-COPD model.
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Toxicity of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is an important part of Chinese herbal nature theory. In clinical application, the dosage, time limitation and compatibility of CMM is mainly determined by toxicity. At present, there is no uniform toxicity classification standard for the evaluation of Chinese herbal toxicity. Therefore, it is significant to research toxicity classification of CMM. The current situation of toxicity classification of CMM is reviewed in this paper, and proposed research thoughts are as follows: the measurement of toxicity parameters, the confirmation of poisoning target organs, the investigation on toxic mechanism by serum pharmacology and toxicokinetics, the comprehensive evaluation on toxicity based on quantitative theory.
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Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Ratos , Pesquisa Biomédica , China , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Classificação , História , Toxicidade , História Antiga , Materia Medica , Classificação , História , Toxicidade , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
ObjectiveTo research the intestinal absorption characteristics in rats of multiple constituents,when Wuwei-Jiangya recipe was used in rats and showed reducing blood pressure effects.Methods ① After extracting Wuwei-Jiangya recipe,we fed it to rats once daily,until the blood pressure reduced; ②Establish Wuwei-Jiangya recipe and intestinal absorption of multiple constituents fingerprint by using reverted gut sac method and RP-HPLC fmgerprint.ResultsAfter one week's administration,there was the hypotensive effects and multiple constituents can be absorbed by intestine.ConclusionWhen the drug works,reverted gut sac method for studying intestinal absorption constituents can be used for locking the exposure constituents.
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Objective To research the metabolism and distribution ofsilybin in normal rats and liver injury model rats.Methods The normal rats group and immunity liver injury rat models were fed with the same dose ofsilybin capsule,and HPLC was used to determine the silybin concentration in biological samples in different time.Results The silybin concentration in the normal group in biological samples was higher than the model group at different time.In the normal group,the consequence of silybin concentration in each viscera distribution from top to bottom was liver＞kidneys＞plasma＞heart,while in the model group the fact was kidneys＞heart＞liver＞plasma.Conclusion The difference of metabolism and distribution of silybin in normal rats and liver damage model rats was obvious.
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Objective: To observe the different effects between Mahuang (Herba Ephedra Sinicae) and Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) on the pathological changes of rats with bleomycin A(5)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Ninety Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, hydrocortisone group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae group, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group. There were 16 rats in each group except the sham operation group (10 rats). Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single intratracheal injection of bleomycin A5. Hematoxylin and eosin straining and immunohistochecical method were used after 7- and 28-day treatment to observe the pathology of lung injury, measure the inner diameter of pulmonary arterioles and the density of nuclear membrane. Results: Compared with the sham operation group at 7 and 28 d, alveolar inflammation level was significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). Alveolar inflammation level was decreased obviously in the hydrocortisone group (P<0.05) after 7- and 28-day treatment as compared with the model group, and that in Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group was also decreased obviously (P<0.05) at 28 d. Compared with the sham operation group, nuclear density of the model group was increased, while its inner diameter was decreased (P<0.05). In the Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and hydrocortisone group, the nuclear density was decreased (P<0.05) as compared with the model group. Inner diameter in the Herba Ephedra Sinicae group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and hydrocortisone group was higher than that in the model group (P<0.05). Microvessel density of the model group was obviously higher than that of the sham operation group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, Herba Ephedra Sinicae plus Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis group and hydrocortisone group had lower microvessel density (P<0.05). Conclusion: Herba Ephedra Sinicae combined with Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis can restrain pulmonary artery injury. The nuclear density and microvessel density can be reduced by Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, while Herba Ephedra Sinicae can increase the inner diameter.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the correlation between content changes of Diester diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs) content and safety of the processed Fuzi.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Sequential and Bliss methods were used to evaluate the safety of 7 kinds of Fuzi processed with different processing time. The relationship between ED50, TD50, TI and content changes of DDAs of those processed Fuzi was studied, the correlation between the content changes and effect of different processed Fuzi was analyzed, and the toxicity of those processed Fuzi with multiple linear regression was tested.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fuzi with good efficiency and safety contains proper hypaconitine (HA) and mesaconitine (MA). Aconitine (AC) interfered efficacy of Fuzi (negative correlation), HA showed positive correlation with toxicity and efficacy of Fuzi.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HA and MA kept in determinate proportion are very important for the safety and effectivity of processed Fuzi.</p>
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Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Aconitina , Metabolismo , Alcaloides , Química , Diterpenos , Química , Metabolismo , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Metabolismo , Farmacologia , Magnoliopsida , Química , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Objective To study the protective effect of Duzhong Hongjingtian Capsule (DHC) on cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Thrombotic ischemia and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced by FeCl3 in rats was used to observe the protective effect of DHC on ischemia stroke, and common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) rats was used to analyze the effect of DHC on blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Results DHC could improve the abnormal behavior of MCAO rats and decrease the infarction area and water content in the brain of MCAO rats. DHC could also improve the cerebral blood flow on MCAO rats and significantly reduce the permeability for evans' blue (EB) of CCAO rats. Conclusions DHC can protect the brain ischemic injury.
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AIM: To study the effect of Qilong Capsule (QLC) on experimental thrombosis and its thrombolysis. METHODS: Rat's thromboses induced by the arteriovenous shunt and by stimulating the common carotid artery (CCA) and serum pharmacol ogy method was used to study the effect of QLC on thrombus. Turbidimetry was u sed to observe the effect of QLC on platelet aggregation of normal rats induced by A DP and collagen. RESULTS: QLC 0.6g?kg -1 and 0.3g?kg -1 could notably li ghten the wet-weight and dry-weight of thrombosis in the arteriovenous shunt m odel in rats(P
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AIM: To research Fufang Jingshu Tablet's(Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Radix Angelicae Dahuricae,Rhizoma Gastrodiae,Rhizoma Cibotii,Flos Chrysanthemi) pharmacological effect. METHODS: We used carrageenan-induced rat foot edema model and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model to observe the tablet's effect on inflammation,used analgesymeter to assess normal rats' and sciatic-nerve-stem-ligation rats' mechanical withdrawal thresholds,used inclined plane methods to assess the tablet's effect on general extremity strength of sciatic-nerve-stem-ligation model. RESULTS: The tablet could obviously reduce carrageenan-induced foot edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma,elevate normal rats' mechanical withdrawal thresholds and decrease percent change of mechanical threshold of ipsilateral hind paws,elevate sciatic-nerve-stem-ligation rats' staying angle on inclined plane. CONCLUSION: Fufang Jiangshu Tablet has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Furthermore it can improve the movement disfunction stemed from nerve compression significantly.